Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
12
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
It is known that one of the primary tasks of the translator is to convey the writer's style, the national mentality of the
language in which the work was created, the mentality and mood of the characters in the original. At the same time,
the translator tries to make the work created in another language spiritually close and understandable for his reader.
At first glance, these two tasks may seem completely contradictory. However, a successful translation that can take
its place on the reader's shelf must be able to meet these conflicting demands of adaptation and preservation. So, a
translator working on a perfect translation naturally has a reasonable question about which elements of the original
text should be preserved and which should be adapted. A perfect literary translation results from the right choice, but
this literary perfection is created directly or indirectly by means of linguistic elements. For this reason, linguistic
translation is the best solution for translating a work of art.
KEYWORDS
Linguistic translation, picture units, imitative words, Russian language, Uzbek language, figurative words, Uzbek
translated text;
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
TRANSLATION OF PICTURE UNITS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INTO UZBEK
LANGUAGE
Submission Date:
September 01, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 06, 2023,
Published Date:
September 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue09-03
Dilfuza Daminovna Turaeva
Senior Teacher, Doctor Of Philosophy In Philological Sciences (Phd) Department Of Uzbek Language And
Literature Of The Karshi Engineering Economics Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
13
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In modern linguistics, terms such as nationality,
national mentality, and national linguistic image of the
world are often highlighted. Of course, this situation is
a sign that the language is boldly moving from the form
to the essence, and the theory of linguistics is enriched
with anthropocentric ideas. Speaking about the
manifestation of the national mentality in the
language, "in the explanatory concept of the term
language mentality, we mean not only the
environment that surrounds a person, the world that
he himself created, the world that turns into
nothingness when the opportunity comes, that is, the
world of speech activity and situation. ". There are
various explanations and definitions for such relatively
new terms as national mentality, national linguistic
image of the world, national conceptosphere. Since all
these do not cover specific issues such as the
construction of the language and systemic relations
between elements, but the social features of the
language, we observe that the definitions differ from
each other. Nevertheless, the research of this ever-
changing, living social aspect of language itself is
characterized by results of great practical importance.
One of them, without a doubt, is to improve the quality
of the translation of artistic works, to contribute to
their aesthetic level and stylistic fluency. After all,
knowing exactly which tools in the language make up
the national linguistic image of the world, and which
ones show the mentality of the people who speak this
language, can set the translator as a clear task to
preserve certain elements in the text.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The traditional school of linguistics, formed over the
centuries, underwent rapid changes by the 19th
century. The study of linguistic units into categories
and types has lost its relevance, and the study of tools
as a field is in the center of attention. It is worth saying
that, on the one hand, the study of tools as a field
makes it possible to combine elements of different
levels with the same meaning into a paradigm, and on
the other hand, it makes it easier to check what
capabilities a language tool has at different levels.
Abstract concepts such as the national linguistic image
of the world, their difference from, let's say, the
universal image, is proved by the example of such
functional-semantic, lexical-semantic paradigms. It is
understood that the analysis of the means combined
under a certain meaning as a field also serves to
increase the quality and level of artistic translation in
practice. Because a general concept such as a national
linguistic image of the world abstracts the issue, the
division of language phenomena into fields clarifies the
same abstraction as the social nature of language.
After all, imitative words, which are considered
another type of figurative words, i.e., the absence of
figurative words in the Russian language, can be the
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
14
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
answer to why imitative words do not have a strong
place among word groups.
Figurative words have been in our speech for such a
long time and it has become so entrenched in our
language that it seems impossible to accept them as a
part of the national linguistic image of the world, as an
expression of mentality. Among the semantic
possibilities of these words, it can be said, at first
glance, that the grammatical polyfunctionality reveals
more the linguistic character of our language than the
social specificity. It seems that the presence of these
words can be explained from the point of view of pure
linguistics to the construction of the language, that is,
to the agglutinative nature of the Uzbek language.
However, English has these words in addition to the
lack of figurative words in Russian with inflectional and
in some places incorporative constructions. Although
the English language has a purely inflectional nature, a
number of verbs and adjectives in this language are
formed on the basis of figurative words, figurative
words are often referred to in literary texts and oral
speech. Therefore, it cannot be said that the presence
or absence of figurative words in a language is a
complete basis for the grammatical structure of that
language. In our opinion, the reason for the presence
of figurative words is the typical sound composition of
words in the language. Unlike the Russian language,
the lexical composition of the Turkic languages of the
Altaic language family is mainly composed of short
one- or two-syllable words, and in English, the words
with a pure Anglo-Saxon base are also short one-two-
syllable words. In our opinion, the figurative words
existing in these two languages are also formed in the
pattern of words belonging to the same one-two-
syllable independent word group. Only figurative
words do not have a strong grammatical position and
categories like other independent categories.
Although they cannot be compared to verbs or nouns,
which act as first-order clauses, they can be seen
semantically along with adverbs and adjectives.
In different languages, figurative elements differ, and
these differences are clearly visible in the grammatical
and semantic indicators of the means. Figurative words
in the Uzbek language are distinguished by having a
pure Turkic etymology among figurative means, and
being able to form an understanding of the structure
of the language and the composition of sounds. These
words reflect the ingenuity, conversational habits, and
communication experience of speakers of a particular
language, along with their general pronunciation
capabilities. They are actively used in folklore.
Figurative words are diverse in proverbs and dialects,
and figurative words gradually become the standard of
literary language.
In the translation, speech contextual indicators are
taken into account, and a translation unit is chosen that
is proportional to these indicators as much as possible.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
15
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
This unit is not exactly a figurative word, it can be
another lexical element, the main thing is that it
embodies the same meaning and function in the
original. Figurative units are completely absent in the
Russian language, however, it is possible to use
figurative units in artistic texts translated from Russian
into Uzbek. Of course, such a solution ensures that the
translated text is close to the Uzbek reader, that is,
stylistically expressive and emotive. In translation, it is
necessary to pay attention to the fact that these tools
do not damage the content and meaning of the original
text.
Although only imitations of figurative words are found
in Russian, this does not deny the existence of
substitutes for figurative words. In the above chapter,
it was justified with the help of evidence that the
descriptive units of the Uzbek language can be
translated into the Russian language by means of
adjectives, verbs or adverbs. So, although there are no
figurative words in the Russian texts, the imagery of
various verbs and other independent word groups can
be translated into Uzbek as a separate figurative word.
Although it does not conform to the principles of literal
translation, the translation of a small phrase in a word
as a separate word is the same term for a literary text.
After all, the meeting of elements specific to the Uzbek
language, such as figurative words, in works translated
from Russian brings it closer to the Uzbek reader and
makes the work more comprehensible.
For example: (In U
zbek): Bu gaplardan kеyin shkafda
g
ʻ
imirlab qo
ʻ
yaman. U shkafda b
е
gona odam borligini
payqaydi. (L.Izmaylov,
“
O
ʻ
yindan o
ʻ
t chiqdi
”
tarj.
H.Siddiq). Bizning yaxmalak tog
ʻ
imiz o
ʻ
zining yaltiroq,
jimjimador tusini yo
ʻ
qotib, qoraya boshladi, k
е
yin
butunlay eri
b kеtdi. (A.Chеxov, “Hazil” tarj.
S.Abduqahhor). Abogin og
ʻ
ir odimlar bilan uy o
ʻ
rtasiga
lorsillab k
е
ldi, qaddi bukildi, oh tortdi, k
е
yin mushtlarini
silkitib turib baqirdi (A.Ch
е
xov,
“
Dushmanlar
”
–
tarj.
M.Ismoiliy). Bir-biriga juda o
ʻ
xshab k
е
tadigan bo
ʻ
ri
bolalari allaqachon uyqudan ko
ʻ
z ochib o
ʻ
ralari yonida
tizilib turishardi, ular onalarining k
е
layotganini ko
ʻ
rib
dumlarini lik-lik likillata boshladi. (A.Ch
е
xov
“
Oq
qanshar
”
–
tarj. N.Ibragimova); Qorong
ʻ
i gulzor tomon
bir-ikki zina bosib tushgach, boshimni ko
ʻ
tarib
osmonga qaradim: bulutli edi, allaqay
е
rlarda yulduzlar
miltillaydi. (L. Avilova,
“
Bir umrlik muhabbat
”
–
tarj. Sh.
Tojibo
е
va)
In general, in Uzbek fiction, both prose and poetic
works often refer to figurative words. Because
figurative words perform several functions in a text.
First, figurative words increase the informativeness of
the text.
For example: (In Uzbek): g
ʻ
ujur-g
ʻ
ujur, g
ʻ
ij-g
ʻ
ij, vij-vij, liq-
liq kabi tasviriy el
е
m
е
ntlar to
ʻ
lib-toshgan, haddan
ziyod, son-sanoqsiz darajada ko
ʻ
p singari so
ʻ
z va
birikmalardan qisqaroq, kishi tasavvurida hosil
qiladigan tushunchasi ham to
ʻ
liqroqdir. Lo
ʻ
ndalik va
informativlik sababli ushbu vositalar sh
е’
riy asarlarda,
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
16
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
xalq og
ʻ
zaki ijodi namunalari bo
ʻ
lgan doston, xalq
qo
ʻ
shiqlari hamda topishmoqlarda ko
ʻ
p uchraydi.
Ikkinchidan, yuqorida sanalgan tasviriy birliklar ayni bir
xil sеmaga ega boshqa mustaqil so
ʻ
z turkumiga oid
vositalar bilan birikishiga ham guvoh bo
ʻ
lamiz. Bunda,
yozuvchi tasviriy so
ʻ
zning informativlik xususiyatiga
emas, ekspr
е
ssivligi, ma
’
lumotni bo
ʻ
rttirib ko
ʻ
rsatish
imkoniyatiga ehtiyoj s
е
zadi.
For example: (In Uzbek): Mеn boloxona ayvonida
ro
ʻ
molga o
ʻ
ralib olgancha uzoqlarga tikilaman,
daraxtlarning uch-uchlaridami-
е
y sochilib yotgan
yulduzlar milt-milt yonadi.(L.Avilova,
“
Bir umrlik
mu
habbat” tarj. Sh. Tojiboеva); Xuddi asalari chaqqan
kishiniki singari yuzi lo
ʻ
ppi Volodya g
ʻ
amgin bir tarzda
xonadan xonaga o
ʻ
tar, h
е
ch narsa y
е
masdi. (A.Ch
е
xov,
“
O
ʻ
g
ʻ
il bolalar
”
–
tarj. X.Ahrorova); qayoqqa qarasang,
pashsha guv-guv aylanadi
…
Bobom bilan arman
pichirlashib, nuqul mol boqish, yaylov va qo
ʻ
ylar
to
ʻ
g
ʻ
risida gapirishardi
…
(A.Ch
е
xov,
“
Go
ʻ
zallar
”
–
tarj.
A.Aliy
е
v)
In the above examples, we see that the translator
refers to words formed on the basis of pictorial units.
It is worth saying that here the general content of the
original text has been preserved, moreover, the
expressiveness of the content has increased.
Figurative words are the direct and indirect cause of
this. It is understood that the use of words derived
from descriptive words in translations from Russian to
Uzbek is appropriate in these cases. These words were
used by the translator as an alternative to a specific
sentence in the original text, not as an introduction.
Therefore, the use of verbs or adjectives formed from
figurative words in texts translated from Russian to
Uzbek does not violate the standards of literal
translation and does not cause controversy. But the
inclusion of purely figurative words in the translation is
evaluated differently by different experts. On the one
hand, figurative word insertions violate the rules of
literal translation from the original text. At first glance,
they also cause the writer's narrative style to change in
the Uzbek language. But there is another side to the
matter. While trying to make the translation work as
true as possible to the original, the translator also
wants it to be as understandable as possible for his
reader, and the difference of time and space during
reading is as imperceptible as possible. From this point
of view, the use of figurative words and imitations in
the translation is justified. Summarizing the tasks that
figurative words can perform in the text as follows, we
can say that the inclusion of these elements in the text
in some cases increases the quality of the translation
without harming the overall content.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
17
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
THE FUNCTIONS OF FIGURATIVE WORDS IN ARTISTIC TEXT
Figurative words serve to
accurately reflect a situation
in a person's imagination as a
short-term tool.
Figurative words are used to
strengthen
the
lexical
meaning when they are
combined with a word that
has almost the same or
similar lexical meaning.
Figurative
words,
while
gaining
a
certain
expressiveness of the text,
ensure that the writer's style
is popular and simple.
It is understood that although figurative words do not
exist in the Russian language as a field, this does not at
all indicate that the language's figurative possibilities
are narrow. After all, it is inevitable that a category in
one language will meet in a completely different form
in another. For example, the Russian lexicon is rich in
words related to adjectives and verbs, which emdiv
the meaning of the image of the situation, and they are
studied by dividing them into different meaning groups
and lexical-semantic areas. By itself, the poetics of
artistic works created in the Russian language is also
perfected due to the diversity of the lexical level.
Therefore, in order to preserve the poetics of the
artistic text, to emphasize a certain meaning of the
used verbs or adjectives, it is appropriate to use verbs
and adjectives based on figurative words in the Uzbek
translated text. However, it may not always be the
right choice to include purely figurative units in the
translation text.
It is known that "the unit of translation is the smallest
part of the text, that is, the minimum part of speech,
and its presence in the original text inevitably
determines the appearance of the same part in the
translation." But it is inappropriate to work with such
absolute principles in literary translation. After all, the
fact that some speech units do not exist in the
translated language, which is related to the
construction of the language, was justified by the
example of pictorial units. Therefore, when translating
figurative words from Uzbek to Russian, the decision
to consider them as a separate translation unit, or vice
versa, to use figurative words in the texts being
translated from Russian to Uzbek, should be the choice
of the translator.
CONCLUSION
The asymmetries between the two languages have
always created special problems for the translation
and lexicographic branches of linguistics. For this
reason, it is important to study language units as an
inter-level field, to identify the characteristics of the
same medium at different levels, even if it partially
solves the problems of translation. Along with
imitation words, figurative units are a lexical group of
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
18
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the Uzbek language with a purely Turkic etymology.
Shaklan is a phenomenon that shows the articulatory
capabilities of Uzbek speakers with a unique,
unrepeatable pattern. However, as their formal
features are unique in different languages, their
semantic features, i.e. types and scope of meaning,
semantic functions are assigned to other lexemes.
In the process of translation from Uzbek to Russian,
the translation of figurative words that do not have an
alternative in Russian becomes complicated. In the
three methods of translation, these tools can be used
in completely different ways, and each method has its
own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a
philological approach to translation, i.e. literal
translation, involves translating these tools as a copy
or transliteration. This translation method allows you
to preserve the structure of the text. However,
transliteration is mainly useful in translating cultural
and national realities. Transliteration of figurative
words with short phonetic content, repetitive and no
alternative as a grammatical category in Russian
cannot reveal the content of the text. There are
substantive equivalents of pictorial units that cannot
be repeated due to their formal form. In Russian, the
same content is expressed using other types of means.
Therefore, it is a wrong solution to interpret pictorial
units with a repeated, paired pattern in the Uzbek
language as a unique reality, and to transliterate the
word pattern by phonetically adapting it to the Russian
language.
Another method of translation, the linguistic approach,
examines the formal parameters of the text as a
secondary issue, and its content as the main issue. As a
result of moving from meaning to form in the
translation, it is observed that descriptive words are
replaced by verbs or adjectives that express their
meaning to a certain extent in the translated text in
Russian.
There are three main solutions for translating
asymmetric fields such as figurative words between
Russian and Uzbek. The first method is to convert
these words using the matching tool. That is, the
figurative word used in the original is translated as a
part of another sentence. For example, in the Russian
language, many adjectives have an image sema, this
sema is understood in the meanings of both name and
expression. So, the way of adaptation requires that the
means of an independent word group in the original is
changed in the translation, and an additional image
schema is loaded to it.
REFERENCES
1.
Азимов
Э.,
Щукин
А.
Новый
словарь
методических терминов и понятий (теория и
практика обучения языкам). —
М.: ИКАР, 2009.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
19
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
12-19
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2.
Акобиров С., Маъруфов М., Хўжахонов Т.
Ўзбекча
-
русча лу
ғ
ат
–
М
.:
Гос
из
-
во
иностранных
и
национальных
словарей
, 1959
–
838
с
.
3.
Гос
из
-
во
иностранных
и
национальных
словарей, 1959 –
838 с;
4.
Nizomova M. B. Ingliz va o’zbek til
laridagi
pedagogikaga oid terminlarning tarjima qilish
tamoyillari,
muammolari
va
o’ziga
xos
texnologiyalari. // 2022-
6/4 Вестник Хорезмской
академии Маъмуна. Хива –
2022. 55-59 betlar.
(10.00.00 № 21)
5.
Апресян Ю. Активный словарь русского языка.
М.: Языки славянской культуры, 2014. –
С.16
6.
Ахманова
О.
Словарь
лингвистических
терминов. –
М.: Сов. Энциклопедия, 1969. –
С. 381
7.
Ефремова Т. Новый словарь русского языка.
Толково
-
словообразовательный. —
М.: Русский
язык, 2000.
8.
Jumayev T., Valiyev T. Qo`shib yoziladimi, ajratib
–
Toshkent, 2006
–
76 b.
9.
Islomov I., Shukurov O. O
ʻ
zbek tilining so
ʻ
zlar
darajalanishi o
ʻ
quv lug
ʻ
ati
–
Toshkent, 2006
–
40 b.
10.
Кондаков Н. Логический словарь
-
справочник –
М. : Наука, 1975. –
С. 587
11.
Кузнецов А. Большой толковый словарь
русского языка. –
СПб.: Норинт, 199
8.
12.
Mengliуev B., Bahriddinova B. O
ʻ
zbek tilining so
ʻ
z
tarkibi o
ʻ
quv lug
ʻ
ati
–
Toshkent, 2006
–
30 b.
