Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
29
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the role and status of women in the family and society, as well as the gradual development of
relations with them, based on various stages of the development of society.
KEYWORDS
Historical reality, personal education, domestic life, family environment, social life, spiritual and moral maturity, family
and society.
INTRODUCTION
If we look at the history of the ancient world, we can
see that the majority of philosophers and orators,
poets and dramatists, theater actors, generals and
political leaders were men. Were there not women
engaged in socio-political activities in the most
developed, cultured cities and states where the first
democratic ideas sprouted? In general, what was the
role of women in domestic and social life?
Of course, since ancient times, a woman has looked
forward to the evolution and changes in her destiny for
centuries. Human qualities and creative abilities are not
given any opportunity to express themselves. Due to
the lack of a place for women in society and the
presence of cruel restrictions on her, we hardly find
female figures in ancient history. For an impartial study
of this issue, it will be useful to take a comparative look
at ancient history and the state of social and political
Research Article
THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT SOCIETY
Submission Date:
August 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
August 14, 2023,
Published Date:
August 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue08-06
Islom Jurayev
Teacher Of The English Language Department Of Fersu, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
30
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
systems that were considered important in those
times.
According to the custom of the ancient Romans, the
father had no obligation to accept a son or daughter
into the family. When a baby is born, it is placed under
the father's feet, if he takes it in his arms, it means that
the child is left, if not, it was understood that it was not
accepted. A rejected baby would be abandoned in
public places or near idols. If the child was a boy,
someone would take him away, and a girl child would
die of hunger and dehydration at the foot of the idols.
The mother has no place in the family, and the father
would sell any of his children he wanted, and kick out
any he wanted from the house. In ancient Rome, only
men were citizens of the country.
Even in ancient India, a woman was a slave without a
will. A wife whose husband died was also burned alive
together with the corpse. This custom continued until
the 17th century. The Indians used to sacrifice women
to please the "gods" and ask for rain and sustenance.
The famous Indian jurist Monre
Roy wrote: “A woman
should never be independent. Whether he is a widow,
young or old, he should not move freely in his house. It
is a sin for women to be called sacrifices and to fast.
Her only duty is not to make a second husband when
her husband dies, to burn with him in the fire."[1.172.]
Even Buddha, who founded Buddhism, did not accept
women as his religion in the early days. But later, his
uncle's son began to convert women to his religion at
Ananda's repeated request and said, “If I had not
converted women, my Buddhism would have
continued unbroken for many long ages. Today, I do
not see the long life of this religion. Because a woman
also joined this religion."[1.172.]
In ancient Egypt, during the time of the Pharaohs, it
was customary to start a family with a sister. Pharaohs
often married their sisters to avoid competing for the
throne with others. The Egyptian people, following the
example of the pharaohs, married their sisters so that
the inheritance would not be passed on to others.
In ancient Babylon, a law made by King Hammurabi and
known as the "Laws of Hammurabi" included a woman
as a domestic animal. Even if someone killed a man's
daughter, he would give her daughter to another. The
person who received it would use it as his property, if
he wanted to, he would kill it.
Even in ancient Iran, during the time of the pagan
Zoroastrians, there was no attention or respect for the
blood relationship between sister and mother. Young
men used to marry their sisters, and on top of that,
they promoted this work.
It can be said that the view of the ancient Chinese is
even more pathetic. They did not consider a woman a
full human being. When a girl was born, they didn't
even give her a name, they numbered her and called
her "one", "two", "three" with these numbers.
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In Judaism, a woman is considered a creature prone to
continuous sin. The view that a woman is an idol that
goes astray was a priority. As proof of this, they
supported the story of Adam and Eve. That is, because
Adam obeyed God, he lived happily in paradise, but his
wife Eve encouraged him to eat the forbidden fruit,
persuaded him and took him out of paradise. Because
of this, they considered the woman cursed.
In ancient Jewish communities, a girl was considered a
servant. His father had the right to sell it. Deprived of
the right of inheritance, a daughter could inherit only if
there was no son in the family. The Jews used to say
this in their morning prayer: "Praise be to You, our
eternal God, the king of the universe, for not creating
me as a woman!"
Let's look at the opinions of Greek scientists and
artists. Since very few women in antiquity knew how to
read and write, we can get information about them
mainly from the information provided by men. It
should be noted that these data cannot be considered
unbiased.
According to Aristotle, "Man is superior to woman by
nature, so men should rule and women should obey
them."
In this regard, Demosthenes concludes as follows: "We
keep heteras for pleasure, maidservants for daily
chores, and our wives to bear us legitimate children
and be mistresses of our homes." "Let the man who
teaches a woman to write know that he sharpens the
venom of the snake".
The thoughts of Euripides, the legend of the Greek
drama, can be said to surprise us even more: He says
that a woman is "a creature hated by the world, and
her poison is worse than the poison of snakes and is
incurable."
Hyperides writes, “A woman must be old enough to be
able to go out of her house, so that people say, 'Whose
mother is this?' let them ask, "Whose wife is this?" not
that".
Platon's thoughts on this matter are extremely
valuable. What he wrote sounds like it is being said
today: "Among our citizens, women and children are
the source of good.
Men and women should have a common way of life,
that is, they should be educated and have children in
the same way. They need to be aware of who lives in
the city and who is going to war, and hunt together like
hunting dogs. After all, aren't women's abilities always
and in everything equal to men's? If they do, they will
have done the best job and will preserve the natural
balance between the sexes.''
In Judaism, Christianity, and later Islam, the creation of
a woman is relegated to a secondary position, i.e., it is
assumed that she was wounded from the left rib of a
man, while in the first two religions, it is said that a
Volume 03 Issue 08-2023
32
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
woman was the reason for man's expulsion from
paradise (that is, Eve encouraged Adam to taste the
fruit of the forbidden tree), the Greeks imagined it
differently. “According to Greek legen
d, when humans
learned to create fire with the help of Prometheus, the
first woman was created to punish them. It is not
remembered how and from what men were created,
but Hephaestus is created from earth and water by the
command of Zeus and the contribution of several gods
and goddesses (who make one or another
characteristic of a woman). Her appearance is so
beautiful that it drives men crazy, but her inner world,
that is, her true personality, is only suitable for men to
suffer. His magic box contains th
e seeds of all evil.”
The above thoughts and mythological views show that,
relying on ancient religious-mythological views, men
try to keep women away from society and treat them
as creatures that need extraordinary control. And this,
in turn, can be said to be the main reason why female
artists rarely meet in the history of science, literature
and other fields. However, this view is relative, and it is
also true that the hetera were popular among Greek
women, and that they served several men with their
talents in poetry, song, and dance. The fact is that, in
our opinion, a group of Greek creative women did not
have enough rights to claim to be poets or writers with
their creative examples, but they directed these
abilities only to attract and inspire men, and in return
they received a certain amount of money. Because the
ancient Greeks, unlike slave prostitutes, considered
noble women of the hetera type to be independent
and honorable professions, but hetera were not
considered citizens.
It seems that in ancient societies, women did not have
a strong place and rights not only in social and political
life, but also in the family. It took millennia to reach the
days where the idea of gender equality is sweeping the
world today.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
29-33
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
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5.
445
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(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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