Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
93
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
93-100
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the synonyms used in the novel by the well-known writer Salomat Vafo "Ovora's korgan-kechirganli"
and their stylistic possibilities in the text of the artistic work are highlighted.
KEYWORDS
"Ovora's experiences", Salomat Wafo, lexical and grammatical synonymy, lexical synonym, phraseological synonym,
lexical-phraseological synonym, dominant, expression scheme, phraseological doublet, ideographic, stylistic, speech
synonyms.
INTRODUCTION
The development of social life leads to the enrichment
of the vocabulary of the language, as well as the
appearance of new synonyms in the language.
Collecting and analyzing such synonyms from artistic
sources, including them among the corresponding
synonyms, thereby enriching the dictionary of existing
synonyms, undoubtedly serves the development of
our linguistics. In this regard, it has always been in the
eyes of experts to study the language of artistic works
created by our talented writers and artists, to shed
light on how well they can use the possibilities of our
language.
From this point of view, in this article, we tried to
highlight the synonyms used in the novel "Ovora's
Seen and Forgiven" by the well-known writer Salomat
Vafo and their stylistic features in the text of the artistic
work. Here are a few words about the writer and his
Research Article
SALOMAT WAFO'S USE OF SYNONYMS SOME COMMENTS ABOUT HIS
SKILLS
Submission Date:
June 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 12, 2023,
Published Date:
June 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue06-14
Ozoda Abdullayeva
Samsu Faculty Of Philology, 2nd Year Student, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
work: Salomat Vafo was born in the village of Manoq,
Shavat district, Khorezm region. Graduated from the
Faculty of Journalism of the National University of
Uzbekistan. The books "Angel of Heart", "A Woman
Looking for Herself", "The Kingdom of Charm", as well
as the book "9/1" were published in English. Some of
the stories and short stories of the writer, who created
the first female novel in Uzbek literature - "Kingdom of
Tilsim", have been translated into Russian, German,
and Turkish languages. The novel "Ovora's seen and
suffered" is the writer's second work in this genre, and
his first novel "Tilsim Sultanat" caused a lot of
controversy. Anyone familiar with the works of this
writer knows that his works are not read for leisure and
enjoyment. Salomat Wafo belongs to the list of
creators who disturb the reader's mental balance,
disturb their feelings and steal their peace. Reading his
works is a labor worthy of one's self, a test to know
how to empathize with others. Only a person who is
ready for this work and test should start reading
"Ovorani...".
Otherwise,
the
person
remains
distracted: he does not understand the events, he does
not feel the characters, therefore, he does not
understand the author. After all, in this book, the fate
of a woman who is busy in the world in order to find a
person who has her own identity, the owner of her
heart, and the life of her dreams is described in a
special way. But this image in the work, artistic
painting, is undoubtedly manifested through language
units. It is the task of experts in the field to determine
to what extent the creator was able to use these
language units.
It is known that in Uzbek linguistics, synonymy lines are
one of the lexical units that have been thoroughly
studied. A series of words that are different in form and
have the same content - the interconnection of several
language units based on certain similarities, certain
differences between these units, their nature and
appearance, the appearance of such units in the
language and their types such issues are expressed in
special scientific works, dozens of manuals and
textbooks (see the list of references).
Synonymy is one of the widespread phenomena in the
language, it exists both in lexical units and in
grammatical units. Accordingly, there are two types of
synonymy:
I. Lexical synonymy - lexical units, i.e. words and
phrases are mutually synonymous: wanderer,
wanderer, wanderer; like putting sawdust in the
mouth, biting wax.
II. Grammatical synonymy is the mutual synonymy of
grammatical units: like -li, ba- (tasty - bamaza). [5, 108]
It can be observed that many references to these types
of synonyms are made in Salomat Vafo's novel
"Ovora's seen and forgiven". Below, we will focus on
each type of synonyms separately, the circumstances
that cause mutual synonymy of language units, the
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
similarities and differences in their meaning, and, in
turn, the nuances of the meaning of each unit in this
line. thinking about their differences with, they were
analyzed on the basis of examples from the text of the
work.
It is known that dictionary synonymy is further divided
into three types:
1. Lexical synonymy - synonyms of words: HID, BOY,
IFOR, IS. (The property of things-subjects to affect the
sense of smell). He poured a fragrant cup of green tea
from a teapot covered with a towel. [13,69] From the
kitchen came the smell of roasting and "jiz-biz". [13,26]
The air is filled with flowers. [13.47]
2. Phraseological synonymy is the synonymy of
phrases: TO BE DISAPPOINTED, TO BE DEPRESSED (in
the sense of being upset, worried).
3. Lexical-phraseological synonyms - a word and a
phrase are mutually synonymous: TO DIE - TO DIE, TO
PASS FROM THE WORLD, TO PASS FROM THE WORLD,
TO EXIT, TO CUT A LIFE, TO GIVE LIFE (To stop living ).
Lexical synonymy is the grouping of lexemes according
to the same meaning [6,166]. For example, the words
"gift", "gift", "gift", "gift", "gift" have the same
meaning in the dictionary. Accordingly, they are
mutually synonymous and form one synonymous line.
The lexemes that join the synonymous line "are the
lexemes with the same meaning and function schemes,
and the expression schemes are the same, and the
semantic schemes are different" [8, 105]
In each synonymous line united around one meaning:
a) the denotative meaning of lexemes is the same, but
the expression schemes (meaning edges, stylistic
colors, subjective evaluation, level of application) are
different. For example, the lexemes BEAUTIFUL,
KUSHRO'I, GUZAL, SOHIBJAMAL mean one denotation
- beautiful, more than usual, the opposite of ugly, but
they also have different expressions. In particular, the
word beautiful has a neutral meaning, and it is also
used in relation to people, other animate and
inanimate objects. Khushroy is used only for people
and has the meaning of pleasantness. In relation to
beautiful people and inanimate objects, sahibjamol is
used as a seme expressing extreme beauty only in
relation to people.
A tall, beautiful girl in a black chiffon dress, as if flying
in the wind, came to us with a smile. [13.45] There was
a wagonload of colorful dresses and a bunch of
beautiful girls. [13.45] The head of the toy store is very
nice. [13,29] The black chiffon dress of the beautiful
Sahibjamol flew in the wind, bringing fragrant
perfumes; [13.46]
b) expressions are sometimes graded: WHISPER,
WHISPER, MUMBLE, MUMBLE (To speak in a very low
voice that others cannot hear). Murmuring and
muttering have a negative meaning. However, the
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level of expression of the negative color in these
threads is different: Our familiar beauty whispered as if
she wanted to get to the end of the problem. [13,46] It
is as if they have been traveling the world for more
than a century. Anor Khaliq usually whispers to
others... he has forgotten the world. [13,22] - Our chief
said... - I muttered, the old woman had returned my
hair. [13,27] - I sewed a flag, I took it, - I mumble; [13,38]
d) neutral meaning words without expression schemes
are the dominant (head word) of the synonymous line.
As a rule, a unit whose lexical content is common to all
synonyms, whose stylistic value is neutral, and which is
characteristic of the common language is chosen as
dominant. For example, VOICE, SOUND, SAS, UN
(something that awakens the sense of hearing, is
received by the auditory organs, heard). The ghost of
Anor Khaliq, our thousand-year-old table that emits
various sounds, did not make a sound for some reason.
[13,19] The sounds of soft singing or recitation could be
heard from that side. [13,39] "Cho-o-y-y" vowels
floated down the sidewalks [13,141] I remember
meeting this person somewhere before. [13.44]
"Okay," I said, although I didn't want to go back to the
house I left many years ago. [13,96] Of these, sound is
the lexemes with a neutral meaning;e) lеksеmalarning
turkumlik sеmalari bir xil bo‘ladi, bu hol sinonimlarning
bir so‘z turkumiga birlashishini taqozo qiladi: bahor va
ko‘klam (ot), chiroyli va go‘zal (sifat), so‘zlamoq va
gapirmoq (fе’l) kabi. [6, 167]
Based on the above characteristics, especially the
variety of expressions, lexical synonyms are divided
into the following types:
1. Meaning synonyms (ideographic synonyms). Such
synonyms differ from each other with subtle meanings.
For example, the words NAM, HOL, SHALABBO mean
exactly one denotative meaning - "the degree of
wetness", but this meaning changes from "moist" to
"wet", from "wet" It gets stronger towards
"shalabbo".
2. Methodical synonyms (stylistic synonyms). Such
synonyms differ in terms of mutual methodological
assessment. Each synonym string is usually:
a) methodical assessment scheme includes a neutral
lexical unit and b) methodological assessment scheme
includes a non-neutral lexical unit.
It is known that the neutral word in the synonymy line
is the dominant word. There are two types of
methodological assessment in synonyms: 1) positive, 2)
negative.
For example, the word "face" in the synonymous line
of "yuz", "bet", "aft", "bashara", "turq", "chehra",
"jamal", "diydar", "oraz", "uzor", "rukhsor" is neutral
to the stylistic evaluation; Chehra, Jamal, Diydar, Oraz,
Uzor, Rukhsor are lexemes with a positive meaning,
while the words bet, aft, bashara, turk are lexemes
with a negative meaning.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the text of the work that we are analyzing, the words
"face" with a neutral meaning and negative coloring
are used in large quantities from the above
synonymous line: I look at his face without
understanding anything. [13,131] Before I set off, the
word ``Abbas Sulayman'' was running through my
mind, and his grinning face never left my sight. [13,133]
It should be noted that the word "face" in the text of
the work, together with its qualifier, also served to
express negative coloring in some places: the arrogant
face of Abbas Suleiman was a little pale. [13,42] The old
woman held the cloths one by one until she wrinkled
her face, which was wrinkled like skin left in the sun: -
What kind of holiday? Although Rosa is a quilter![13,13]
3. Verbal synonyms. Such synonyms differ from each
other by being specific to one or another type of
speech. For example, the word keldi in the synonymy
line keldi, zadam ranjida kaldi is used in all forms of
speech (both in literary speech and colloquial speech),
while qadam ranjida kilimak is used in artistic speech.
Both of them can be found in the text of the novel: The
old lion took a puff of his cigarette and threw it away,
and came to me shouting "Kingdom". [13,18] According
to the tradition, the person who stepped into the
magnificent building had to go in and out in front of the
chiefs. [13,18] There is also contextual synonymy in the
language, which is the formation of a synonymous
relationship of non-synonymous lexemes as a linguistic
unit within a certain context (speech). Contextual
synonymy takes many forms.
Such a synonymous relationship always occurs in the
speech itself, and disappears outside of this specific
speech.
Such synonymy appears, for example, between a
pronoun and a word of another category, between a
pronoun and a compound, a sentence, with the name
of a person, object, abstract concept, as well as
between a figurative alternative and so on. For
example, the units to fly away and drive away have
formed a mutually synonymous relationship in the text
of the work: The car flew away from the flat and
smooth road. [13,103] Our car is moving again, the
surrounding yellow desert seems to blend into the blue
color. [13,104]
It can be seen from the examples given above that in
the text of the work, which is the source of our study,
you can find all types of synonyms. The following
synonyms are observed in the work:
ELDERLY, OLD (He has lived for many years, the period
of weakening of his div's activity has passed, the
opposite of age). I entrusted all my faith to these old
women. [13.75] At this moment, I hate my old, white-
haired aunt, who needs such difficult questions? [13.83]
GRASS, FIRE (The state of the object burning forming a
flame). I set fire to the roof of your barn. [13,66] Once,
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Servi
when they sent me to make a fire in the oven, I forgot
about the oven while reading a book. [13.66]
QUIET (Motionless or soundless state). If you read a
couple of pages every day before going to bed, you will
sleep peacefully. [13.54]
SUFFERING, PUNISHMENT (Mental or physical
torture). I thought that it is impossible to live with
these pains and sufferings. [13.53]
THE END, AFTER (Ending border (point). "Saltanatxon,
did you also write the songs that Kamal sang in Oyza?"
he finally said impatiently, picking up the books and
newspapers on the floor. [13.50] The sister opened her
beautiful eyes He looked at me and then at Tipratikan
[13,30]
UNDERSTAND, UNDERSTAND (get to the meaning,
essence of an idea or something else). I was trying to
understand the events that happened until I was
leaning on the pillar. [13,65] I realized the profound
inner and outer loneliness when I came here. [13.65]
COMFORTABLE,
COMFORTABLE,
COMFORTABLE
(Comfortable, soothing feeling). All the comfort and
solace I need now, in my hour of need. [13,68] My
heart, which is trembling with fear, is filled with joy.
[13.79]
SUFFERING, SUFFERING, PUNISHMENT (Mental or
physical torture). I thought that it is impossible to live
with these pains and sufferings. [13,53] Karomat's
heart, where distant dreams and sufferings are
located, obeyed neither himself nor the doctors.
[13.58]
Also, the people, the crowd; man, person, slave; shout,
scream; dirty, irkit; time, place; difficult, needy; lie,
stranger; food, meal; sweet, sweet; smile, grin; a series
of lexical synonyms such as single, single, isolated;
crazy, crazy - crazy, crazy, dizzy; to look, to cast a
glance; happy - the breath of the mouth runs away,
when he is in a good mood, his spirit is high; to fall
asleep, lose sight; to look, stare; to speak, to make a
speech; a number of lexical-phraseological synonyms
such as botinolmo, dilali betlamali, tilli goraldi; to be
amazed, to be surprised, to be speechless; he cheered
up, his mood improved; a series of phraseological
synonyms such as to lose heart, to be disappointed can
be given as an example.
It can be given as statistical information that the most
used synonyms in this work are beautiful, beautiful;
sound, voice; hid, is, height are expressions. Here we
would like to highlight some of our comments. In our
opinion, synonyms are used inappropriately in the text
of the work: The huge stage was filled with the sweet
heat of the snow. [13,137] He shook and laughed like a
huge bear lost in the forest. [13,286] If the lexemes are
used in these places, cute instead of cute, giant instead
of huge, big (a dream can be huge or a mountain can
be huge, but a bear is not huge) would be appropriate.
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Whisper, whisper, murmur, mumble while observing
the synonyms used in the text of the work; According
to the explanation given in OTSIL, we have come
across a series of words that come together under the
same denotative meaning, such as shouting,
screaming. However, these are not reflected in OTSIL.
This shows that it is necessary to further enrich the
existing dictionary of synonyms based on the materials
collected in the future.
In general, the well-known Uzbek writer Salomat Vafo
made many references to synonyms, which are the
basis of methodology, in the novel "Ovoraning korgan-
kechirganli" and was able to use them in their place.
This is a proof that the author of the work knows the
vocabulary of our language well.
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)
(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
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Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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