Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
94
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
P
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:
94-99
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
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(2023:
6.
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)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
According to Dahl, a riddle is "an allegory or allusion, a roundabout speech, a bluff, a brief allegorical description of a
subject, proposed for a solution." The most accurate definition of a riddle is V.P. Anikin: "A riddle is a poetic complex
image of a thing or event, made to test the ingenuity of a person, as well as to instill a poetic view of reality." A riddle
is a brief description of a silent object or phenomenon according to similar or suggestive signs of another object or
phenomenon. A riddle develops a poetic view of reality in a person, creates an unlimited field for fantasy. So, it can be
seen that a riddle is a poetically complex image of a thing or event, made in order to test a person's ingenuity and at
the same time instill a poetic view of reality.
KEYWORDS
Children's folklore, riddles, stories of folk oral creativity, linguistics, song, fairy tales, linguoculturalism, comparative-
typological analysis;
INTRODUCTION
The origin of riddles goes back to the secret speech of
primitive society, taboo speech (that is, words
forbidden to be spoken aloud by some members of a
tribe or clan due to age, gender or social status in this
society). Riddles are common among all nations. In
addition, the origin of riddles is related to a person's
desire to scare and deceive an evil spirit, which, as
previously believed, can negatively affect the life and
Research Article
COMPARATIVE-TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LINGUOCULTURAL TERMS
IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH RIDDLES
Submission Date:
May 21, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 26, 2023,
Published Date:
May 31, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue05-17
Choriyeva Zebiniso Bakhtiyar Kizi
Karshi State University, Faculty Of English Philology Teacher Of The Department Of Linguistics, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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fate of a person, child, cattle, etc. In order to ensure
the well-being of himself and his family, he had to be
cunning, so that the object or person was not called in
such a way that his name or name was not actually
mentioned. The riddle also played an important role in
initiation ceremonies (the ceremony of turning a boy
into a man), which was widespread among all ancient
peoples. The initiated boy was tested using riddles:
guessing them, he successfully passed this test and
went to the next stage of the initiation - without
knowing the secret speech, the young man could not
become a man. Riddles are found in the mythology of
ancient peoples (for example, in ancient Greek myths).
Linguo-cognitive and linguocultural approaches to the
concept are usually divided according to the
orientation of the research vector: if linguo-
cognitology goes from the concept in the individual
consciousness to its representation in the collective
consciousness (culture), then the linguistic culture
moves from collective ideas about the concept to
individual ones; linguoculturology is oriented rather
towards the study of the specific in the composition of
mental units and is aimed at describing the 2994| S D
Shavkatovna Linguocultural features of the symbols
distinctive semantic features of specific concepts.
From the standpoint of cognitive linguistics, we move
from person to culture, from the standpoint of cultural
linguistics from culture to person. The features of the
linguo concept include ethnocultural distinction,
heterogeneity
(heterogeneity,
diversity,
heterogeneity),
multi-character,
internal
fragmentation and, in contrast to the logical concept,
“experiencing”, semiotic (“nominative”) density
-
representation in terms of expressing a number of
linguistic synonyms, thematic series and fields,
proverbs, sayings, folklore and other plots and
synonymized symbols (works of art, rituals, behavioral
stereotypes, objects of material culture), focus on the
expression plan (inclusion of a name concept into
associative paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections
that have developed in the lexical system of the
language)
In ancient times, riddles had mystical, religious, and
ritual applications, and guessing and predicting riddles
was considered a sign of special wisdom. Riddles could
only be guessed at a certain time - it was impossible to
guess in the summer and during the day. At the end of
the field work, it was allowed to speculate in autumn
and winter. During the celebration of Christmas time
(from December 25 to January 6), special importance
was attached to the prediction. By origin, Russian
riddles are also associated with conditional speech -
the coded language of hunters, rituals and magical
actions aimed at ensuring harvest and success in
livestock and agriculture. Riddles perform and fulfill
the following functions: Cognitive (contributes to the
activation of knowledge about the world around,
especially in a child), Developmental (development of
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Servi
observation, logical thinking) Interesting, because in
their free time from work and household allows
children to be entertained and occupied Artistic
(contributed to the formation of figurative thinking in
a person, the ability to see the world in images).
According to the researchers, the famous Russian
traveler of the 18th century. S.P. Krasheninnikov noted
the remains of an ancient secret speech among Russian
sable hunters. Artel elected a "brigadier", who
appointed his assistants and punished them, among
other things, "so that, according to the custom of their
ancestors, the crow, the snake and the cat are not
directly named , maybe b. ride, thin and baked / shade".
Krasheninnikov also wrote: "Industry people say that
in previous years, many things were called by strange
names, for example: the church - a woman with a
pointy, bark or white the head girl is an ordinary
person, a horse is a long tail, a cow is a roar, a sheep is
a thin-legged pig, a low-eyed rooster is barefoot,
etc...." Krasheninnikov all these words are crows a, he
noted that the snake and the cat were left out of
exchange, that is, they did not begin to use them.
Russians preserved echoes of ancient riddles in epics,
fairy tales and songs. For example, many espionage
songs are in the form of riddles ladi: they do not
describe the fate of a person, but replace it with a
description of something or an action. In the fairy tale
"Smart Girl" or "Seven Years", the king asks the girl
several riddles, solving them, she will marry the king -
so here is the fairy tale the hero's sharpness,
intelligence serves as a test method for t. The most
interesting puzzle in this tale is when the cunning king
orders the girl to come to him instead of on foot. Not
on a horse, not undressed, not dressed, not with a gift,
but not without a gift, the girl comes to him in a fishing
kit, riding a hare, which immediately runs away, with a
quail in her hand. trembles from his hands. Over time,
the ancient function of riddles gradually disappeared,
but their poetic form remained. They began to look at
the riddle as a test of intelligence, and began to create
new riddles about objects and events. A genre of
folklore developed with no other purpose than artistic
and entertainment.
The fairy tale became a genre of children's folklore.
D.N. In the preface to the collection of riddles,
Sadovnikov pointed out the main difference between
a proverb and a riddle. "The first," he writes, "reflected
people's views on nature and the environment, and the
second reflected the worldly wisdom and moral
personality of ordinary people." opened for the
creative imagination of the people, in the proverb - for
their common sense and criticism".
Riddle is one of the oldest genres of folklore. Even
Aristotle, speaking of poetic art, when speaking of
riddles, called this genre a well-constructed metaphor.
There are many writings and statements about riddles.
For example, some scholars of literature gave the
following definition to a riddle: "A riddle is a
description of something, usually given in the form of
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
a question." The main way of describing the find is
metaphor (in simile). Talk about riddles N.S. Gilevich,
who has written a lot about riddles and has the most
interesting and deep study of the poetics of riddles,
gave the following definition of a riddle: "A riddle is
given in the form of witty, short, short, wordy, unusual
words complex question. as a rule, a rhythmic
description of an object or event. This definition can be
easily added to. A.I. Gursky comprehensively defines
the main genre features of the riddle. He writes: "The
riddle contains various phenomena and objects of
reality "based on the analogy, a small form of work
based on artistic comparison can be described as
humorous poetic fiction; it is used to test a person's
mind, intelligence and ability to see the world
poetically. Riddle tasks The most important tasks of
riddles are: people test and teach their intelligence,
develop their logical and poetic thinking, the ability to
recognize the surrounding reality in allegorical images.
outdoor, educational, educational, entertainment,
gaming functions, etc. are important. Thus, the riddle
as a genre is multifunctional. Classification of Riddles
Classification and thematic systematization of riddles
was perfectly developed by A.I. Gursky and identified
five types of riddles: "Nature and man", "Economy and
material life", "Community and family life", "Culture",
"Riddles-jokes, riddles - tasks ". The section "Nature
and man" begins with riddles about the sky, heavenly
bodies. "The blue veil covered the whole world", the
sky is very clearly indicated in the riddle. A large group
of riddles is devoted to land and water. In them, in
other folklore works as it was, but in a unique way,
according to the specific characteristics of the genre,
the respectful attitude of the people to the earth was
shown ("What fills us, but does not ask us to eat?") .
elements and natural phenomena are likened to
animals: in many riddles, for example, thunder is like
the beating of an ox ("On a hundred mountains, on a
thousand lakes an ox bellowed"), and sometimes a
stallion "like" ("The gray stallion sneered at the whole
kingdom"); the movement of the wind is uniquely
described in its actions: "It flies without wings, it runs
without legs", "With no arms, without legs, but it
opens the gate", "It has no hands, but it tears the
leaves of the trees".
Who is he?". The plant world is richly represented in
riddles. In many riddles, trees and grains appear as
living beings: "He dresses in summer, undresses in
winter", "He flew without wings, sat without branches,
the cook cooked without fire , ate without teeth" (rye)
. Smart, often with humor, serves them: "Seven
hundred whistles, four dances, two listening and two
smelling, two looking" (horse). "Economy and material
life" bo 'lime is widely represented in agriculture,
crafts, food, housing, home interior, clothes and shoes,
etc. It is not so easy to guess such riddles: "Horn, not a
bull, enough, but full" it is not empty, it is given to
people, it goes to rest" (sickle), "It is not an animal, it
has four legs" (bed), " I walked, I walked, I found two
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
paths and I went to both of them" (pants). Riddles
reflecting social and family relationships are much less
common. This section contains particularly interesting
riddles about kinship: “Two brothers, one of them is an
uncle. Who is second? (father), "The child sits in the
garden and says: "I have a father and mother, but I am
not their son" (daughter). The development of culture
and education was reflected in the riddles that
appeared later. Their content includes a book, paper,
pencil, tools, etc. ("Not a bush, but with leaves, not a
man, but says" (book). Thematic diversity of riddles,
their features, breadth of metaphors from the given
examples and an allegorical reflection of reality can be
seen. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to what is said
about riddles as various topics in works of this genre.
Riddles are similar to proverbs in many ways: first of all,
they are artistic imagery, conciseness, rhythm.
Traditional folklore in riddles artistic styles and
figurative tools are used: metaphor, simile, epithet,
personification, allegory, hyperbole, grotesque, irony,
etc. The structure of a riddle, the structure of a riddle is
a type of conversation in which one commands and the
other assumes. Many riddles are based on a direct
question, many of which contain a complex description
of an object or several objects that are guessed by the
actions required to create certain objects: "They they
beat me, beat me, beat me, tore me to pieces, tore me,
dragged me across the field, locked me with a key,
served me to the table "(linen, tablecloth). A series of
riddles is in the form of a monologue, a dialogue;
Sometimes
three
people
participate
in
the
conversation: "I have four legs, but not an animal, I
have fluff and feathers, but not a bird, I have a soul and
a div, but not a person" (bed); Traditional riddles are
well preserved in our time, they are still used, they
often continue to perform traditional functions, often
cognitive, educational, game, test (intelligence).
Riddles are interesting not only to children, but also to
adults with their wisdom and perfection of artistic
form, which is the reason for their popularity among
the people. Children's folklore is a component of the
oral creativity of our people.
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