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ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes a comparative study of a hospitality tradition reflected in the English and Uzbek
linguoculturology. The tradition of “Hospitality” is a cultural legacy for both of nations as there concrete customs and
habits are carried out. Proverbs, idioms realias, symbols of the English and Uzbek languages enable to get acquainted
with the whole process of this tradition. The analysis of hospitality tradition was carried out as a part of linguistic,
linguoculturological studies of family traditions. In this scientific research we compared specific features, similarities
and unique aspects of hospitality tradition. The research is new for the linguistics the purpose of which is to set
universal and ethnocultural properties of this type of tradition in the linguoculturologies compared.
KEYWORDS
Hospitality, culturally marked, linguculturology, linguistic picture of the world, phaseological units, cultural
differences.
INTRODUCTION
In the linguocultural approach to the English and
Uzbek family traditions, the tradition of hospitality
reveals the peculiarities of both nations and cultures,
from the culture of hospitality and hospitality to the
delicacies on the table and the etiquette of observing
the guest. The Uzbek people have long been
Research Article
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NOTION “HOSPITALITY” REFLECTED
IN THE LINGUOCULTUROLOGY (ON THE EXAMPLES OF ENGLISH AND
UZBEK PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS)
Submission Date:
May 30, 2022,
Accepted Date:
June 10, 2022,
Published Date:
June 22, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume02Issue06-05
Feruza Mamatova Makhammadovna
PhD in philology, senior teacher at the Department of Foreign languages Journalism and Mass communications
University of Uzbekistan
Dilnoza A. Artikova
Lecturer, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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recognized as a "hospitable nation." This can be seen
in the works of a number of Uzbek scholars.
MAIN PART
On the culture of Uzbek hospitality, Isa Jabborov's
book "Ethnography of the Uzbek people" highlights
the peculiarities of Uzbek hospitality traditions.
K.Mahmudov wrote about how much Uzbeks love this
tradition: "The Uzbek people love guests so much that
even if the music throws grain, the tea is standing in a
bowl or something is seen in the afternoon - all this is
interpreted to the guest" [7, 95].
The development and transformation of the tradition
of hospitality is in line with the relevant family
tradition, which is able to create and develop positively
oriented morals, rituals, customs, rituals within their
framework, and they have their own national-cultural
color. Comparing the traditions of hospitality inherent
in English and Uzbek linguocultures, we have identified
the ethnic identity of these nations, their differences,
but their differences are determined by socio-cultural
requirements and conditions. The tradition of
hospitality plays an important role in the linguistic
consciousness of the ethnoses under study. By looking
at language as an object of culture, we have explored
the “cultural” layer of language, sealed by the
separation of cultures that encompass the landscape
of this or that ethnic world.
A number of scholars deny the existence of the
qualities of hospitality in the landscape of the English
world. However, the phraseological units that reflect
the concept of hospitality in this language are not
unfamiliar to English culture. In addition to the positive
qualities of the English people, such as temperance,
conservatism,
politeness,
they
are
generally
understood to be representatives of a nation prone to
malice, strict adherence to rituals, and arrogance. Such
a mentality is shaped by a number of factors, including
the climate, weather, and geographical location of the
British Isles. At the same time, Ter-Minasova considers
the expression of the English tradition of hospitality in
language as neither positive nor negative, as it has a
social significance to the tradition of hospitality in
English idiom [13,150]. We agree with Ter-Minasova,
because the tradition of hospitality expressed in
English has both negative and positive connotations,
and especially strong warnings about the behavior of
the guest, which is due to the English mentality and
character described above. Researchers George Blu
and Minax Harun, who have studied English and Arab
hospitality culture, also say that the British do not lag
behind in hospitality culture, but the concept of
hospitality is given priority as a necessity rather than
improving their reputation [1,74]. "British hospitality is
therefore relatively free to perform (in a situation that
may embarrass the host) and is far from the idea that a
British guest should show hospitality," writes a number
of scholars who have compared the concepts of
hospitality in British and Arab society [5, 2015]. From
this it is clear that the English linguocultural culture is
characterized by a tradition of hospitality, but this
tradition is revived between the guest and the host,
with strict adherence to the rules of etiquette and
etiquette. Of course, the sign of hospitality is seen in
the expressions and proverbs that are reflected in the
language. The English phrase to give a hearty welcome,
to roll out the red carpet, or Help yourself is a
confirmation of the above. Garipova G.R., who
conducted research on the concept of "hospitality" in
English writes: “In English, the expression of this
concept reflects the aristocratic identity, adherence to
the rules of etiquette and norms of conduct [2, 66-90].
From the articles that illuminate the tradition of
hospitality, G.R. Garipova it is possible to understand
Garipova’s definition, where we also agree with her
that in English culture there are strict rules and
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regulations established between the guest and the
host, and these rules of etiquette apply from the time
the guest visits until he leaves.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
English and Uzbek proverbs and idioms express all the
features of the tradition of "hospitality". In particular,
the invitation of guests, the welcoming of guests, the
said and unspoken guest, the generous and stingy
host, the late or late arrival of the guest, the manners
of the guest at the host, and the processes of
hospitality with food. According to the proverbs, in
English and Uzbek culture, hospitality is a tradition that
delights both the guest and the host: Hospitality is the
adornment of life, and in English Welcome is the best
cheer. In accordance with English and Uzbek family
traditions, inviting guests is one of the most important
processes of hospitality. In the minds of the people,
this order is understood as a sign of respect for the
guest invited by the host. This etiquette stereotype is a
symbol of friendship between guest and host. In
English culture, “politeness” is especially valued as the
core of the English mentality. This is especially
reflected in the communication between the guest and
the host. Naturally, the same rules of etiquette are
required when inviting guests, and in turn, following
the rules and regulations, the guest rarely comes
without an invitation.
The reason why we have defined the meaning of the
words “guest” and “host” above, we pay attention to
the articles on English spelling or uninvited guest
opposition: An unbidden guest knows not where to sit;
In English linguistics, the "uninvited guest" is strongly
criticized because of the mentality, lifestyle, and
character of the English nation.
In this case, you will be offered tea or coffee, but you
do not have to be offered food unless you have a
special invitation for lunch or dinner [5, DOI: 10.1515/pr-
2015-0003]. According to Uzbek family tradition, even
an uninvited guest is treated politely by the host. The
fact that the Uzbek nation is a hospitable people in any
situation can be understood from the following
proverb, which is reflected in the Uzbek linguistic
culture: The guest who comes is the honor of the host;
His guest is a god; Where there is a man, a man comes.
So, for the Uzbek nation, welcoming a guest is not only
an obligation, but also a sacred duty. The Uzbek nation
compares the arrival of a guest with the arrival of food
and blessings, and therefore appreciates the guest:
The light of the guest house comes on brightly. When
an uninvited guest arrives, it has become an Uzbek
family tradition to share and enjoy the food prepared
for him without hesitation, because in his mind the
guest enters with his own food and it is not polite to
leave without food: The guest with his own food is
coming; The guest's food comes before him; Even if the
ash is small, let the feling be a word. According to Isa
Jabbor, no matter who the guest is, he will be offered
at least some tea and bread [3,176].
As a rule, the guest is invited on the occasion of any
event. It is a kind of celebration (wedding, birthday,
birth of a child, banquet to share the joy of any
achievement, house wedding, religious holidays,
March 8, New Year, and in English Easter, Christmas,
baby party, moving to a new house receptions, etc.) or
modest receptions organized between family
members and relatives on a day off. In English
linguoculturology idioms such as to give a tea party; to
give a luncheon party; to give at home show that the
concept of “invited guest” is one of the main principles
of hospitality etiquette. In the Uzbek nation, the
"uninvited guest" is not harshly criticized, unlike in
English society, where he resists the guest leaving the
house quickly and asks him to come again and again as
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he leaves: Do not ask the guest to leave, ask him to
come.
Hospitality as a stereotype is reflected in the family
traditions of the English and Uzbek peoples. Analyzing
proverbs and idioms, it can be said that Uzbeks have a
rule of welcoming guests with pride and joy. For
example, with an open face; Welcome Idioms and
Open Face is better than a blessing; Welcoming a guest
is also defined in Uzbek culture by taking him or her to
the best part of the house. In order not to upset the
guest, the host is in a hurry to move him to a
comfortable, clean, beautiful place. Usually, when a
guest is invited to the "net" of the house, it is
understood as respect for the host to the guest. Isa
Jabbor writes: "According to the Uzbek national
tradition, the reception of guests begins with the net,
mainly depending on age and public respect [3,176],
transferring a guest to the right place is also one of the
etiquettes of the Uzbek hospitality culture. Such an
exciting stereotype is also reflected in English
linguoculture. For example, to play host; to give a
hospitable welcome; (greet the guest with respect)
Keep open door idioms and Good will and welcome is
your best cheer.
In Uzbeks, welcoming a guest is associated with the
symbolic symbol "tea and bread." Even an Uzbek host
without a cup of tea will not take away a person who
has come for a short time with a job, and for this reason
it is necessary to have two loaves of bread in the house:
even if your house is small, the bread should be big;
Even if the place is dark, let the tea be dark, with the
guest entering the host's house, his departure will be
in the footsteps of the host: Arrival from the guest -
departure from the host; To come voluntarily - to leave
with permission; The guest is the slave of the host;
Even if the guest comes by himself, he will be in the
footsteps of the host. Welcoming a guest who comes
to an English house begins with offering him tea. Tea
conversation is one of the ancient traditions, when
guests are invited, they are given hot tea and
conversations on various topics were held. Malkova
Yu. L., Sirotkin A. S. Since the beginning of the 19th
century, tea party has been considered an important
social event in English culture. It is impossible to
imagine "small talks" without tea [8, 71-77]. In Uzbek
linguistics, there is a notion that welcoming a guest
should solve problems in the host house, do household
chores, generally do not do unpleasant things when
the guest arrives, ensure peace and happiness, and
establish as warm and friendly communication with the
guest as possible. may be embarrassed and regret the
arrival: Do not call your cat in front of the guest "cook";
Do not knock on the door when a guest comes to your
house; The guest is pleased with the word of mouth,
not the palisade of the house; You don't need food,
you have to chase. It is clear from the examples that
the culture of hospitality in Uzbek and English
linguistics is partially different. In particular, the Uzbek
nation welcomes the guest in any situation, at least
offers hot tea, bread and tries to establish a cordial
relationship. takes guests with tea, coffee. Such cross-
cultural differences are a testament to the uniqueness
of the mentality, lifestyle and worldview of both
nations. Hospitality is the most important sign of
welcoming guests. If the table is full, the Uzbeks call it
a feast, and the British call it a feast, banquet (feast,
banquet). Such hospitality is associated with a sense of
joy in English culture. In England, a large banquet
serves as a friendly bridge between guests and hosts.
A variety of food, drinks, sweets in the circle of friends
provides joy, long conversations. English hospitality is
reflected in English linguoculture. For example, to keep
a good table, to show extra hospitality, wine and dine,
Lucullean feast continues to tell about the abundance
and abundance of food on the table. In ancient times,
the English people were diligently preparing for the
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feast, and deliberately prepared delicious dishes from
their meat by slaughtering cattle - calves, roosters,
chickens - to entertain guests with delicious, meaty
dishes. Dishes such as “Roast chicken” and “roast
beef” are the decoration of the English table. The idiom
“To kill the fatted calf” means to give a great feast. The
Uzbeks have traditionally slaughtered sheep for feasts
and prepared various hot dishes for guests. The
ancient Uzbek herdsmen used to fry mutton in a little
oil (with jizza) from the meat, liver, lungs and kidneys
when a guest came. Then the soup is hung and the
meat is served on some trays [3, 163]. For this reason,
in most Uzbek households, pets such as sheep and
cattle are kept in reserve meat. The red meat will go
away, and the red face will remain. Isa Jabbor writes
about the table set at Uzbek banquets: “The peculiarity
of decorating the Uzbek table is that first of all, all the
dishes, including hot ones, should be decorated in
place, except for hot dishes. The fact that the table is
always full, that everything is ready for it, that
everything is brought to the table at once, allows
guests to maintain a proper appetite, depending on
the type of food, and to ensure that their meals are
properly organized [3, 176]. The facts cited by the
ethnographer are also reflected in the Uzbek linguistic
culture: First of all, food, badaz kalom; One “jiz-biz” is
better than a hundred “you-us”; When a visitor comes,
he runs, finds all your fat; Taste of food - the honor of
the guest. Hospitality also shows that Uzbeks are a
generous nation. Uzbeks not only put the best food in
front of the guest, but also share their last meal with
the guest: Yochcha rice soup, the guest will be happy.
The British say that it is necessary to be more polite
when serving food to the guest table, because it is an
embarrassment for a guest to eat boldly in a stranger's
house, not in his own house. Such a responsible and
respectful situation exists in the Uzbek tradition of
hospitality. The following proverbs in Uzbek linguistics
show that it is not permissible to ask a guest when
offering food to a guest: Beat until you ask; The bride,
who said she would not eat, ate the meat. The essence
of these proverbs is that never ask the guest about this
or that meal, he may hesitate to say "no", so bring all
the treats to the guest, the guest will choose the food
according to his taste. The richness of the hospitality
table also depends on the financial condition of the
host. Uzbeks prefer to invite fewer guests and give
them a dark feast, and many guests say that they will
be entertained with insatiable food. In the process of
comparing the tradition of hospitality reflected in
English and Uzbek linguistic culture, we realized that in
Uzbek culture, the number of guests is important for
the host. The Uzbeks say: Lonely guest is God.
Although the culture of hospitality in the UK is
characterized by strict ethical standards, the fact that
more or less guests do not worry them, on the
contrary, for the British there is a notion that the more
guests, the happier: The company makes the feast; It is
merry in hall when beards wag all; The more the
merrier.
The tradition of hospitality in a broad sense is
simultaneously reflected in the understanding and
manners of the guests. There are rules for the guest,
which in turn must be followed in the host house. One
of these should only be borio if invited as a guest,
especially if, in the English sense, an uninvited guest
provokes resentment and anger at the host. We have
already mentioned the phenomenon of uninvited
guests in the example of articles reflected in English
linguoculture. In English, an uninvited guest is criticized
for saying that sitting in the host’s house is
inappropriate and that the owner is left without food.
In Uzbek linguistics, an uninvited guest is treated more
understandingly than in English, which is why there are
more articles on uninvited guests in Uzbek linguistics
than Uzbeks. The rules of eating in hospitality are
mentioned separately in both lingvocultures.The
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abundance of Uzbek cuisine is usually cited in many
sources, but this does not allow the guest to be
obscene at the table. There are proverbs in Uzbek
linguoculture that the guest should follow the rules of
etiquette around the table: Not a mouth saddle stalks
the mouth; A guest who knows his dignity is a good
guest.
The British define the arrival and departure of a guest
by comparing it to a natural phenomenon: Visits should
be short, like a winter’s day or A constant guest is never
welcome. At this point, the British say that the longer
the guest arrives, the more the host will miss him:
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. In Uzbek
linguistics, it is said that a guest is often visited
depending on the number of visitors: Staying at the
host's house for a long time is criticized in both English
and Uzbek linguistics, because for a host who stays for
a few days, it is not only tiring work, but also rudeness
shown by the guest. In both linguocultures, it is said
that a guest's visit lasts for three days, and the fact that
a guest stays for more than three days is expressed in
proverbs through metaphors. In particular, the British
liken a long-stayed guest to a rotten, worn-out fish,
while the Uzbeks liken a visitor's visit to a host to
various non-precious metals. For example, ing: The
best fish smell when they are three days old; Fish and
callers smell in three days; Fish and company smell in
three days; Fish and visitors smell in three days; Fresh
fish and new-come guest smell in three days, eng. The
first day of the guest - gold, the second day - silver, the
third day - a baby, the fourth day - a frog; The guest is
the first day gold, the second day silver, the third day
copper, the fourth day leprosy; Good guest - three
days; On the day of the visit - three, in three days -
move! In the English and Uzbek tradition of hospitality,
the guest expresses gratitude to the host, in English
linguistics it is a letter of thanks to the host for
hospitality. , or thank the guest for the reception
organized by messenger and ask about the situation,
but this part of the tradition is not reflected in the
Uzbek linguistics through proverbs or idioms.
A comparative analysis of the English and Uzbek
phraseological units has made it possible to study the
tradition of hospitality and its reflection in the linguistic
culture of these two peoples. In particular, the length
of stay of guests in the host house, the incessant guest,
the table setting, the culture of welcoming some polite
guests of the guest showed similar aspects of the
English and Uzbek family tradition of hospitality. In
English linguistics, an uninvited guest, like a late guest,
but not in Uzbek, has its own peculiarities. In turn, the
aspects of giving a grand reception typical of Uzbek
linguoculture, welcoming a guest in any situation, and
knowing that the arrival of a guest is a great joy were
revealed. The British had a positive attitude towards a
large number of guests, while the Uzbeks had a small
number of guests, but preferred a good reception. In
the image of the "guest", which is an important part of
the tradition of hospitality, the features of the Uzbek
linguistic consciousness - patience, compliment,
sincerity - were identified. Even a stranger is called a
guest when an Uzbek enters his house and is greeted
politely. In English linguistics, a mehsan is a person who
is called for a specific purpose.
CONCLUSION
The Uzbek culture of hospitality is defined by a symbol
such as the “net of the house”. The placement of the
guest in the "net" of the house, in the highest, most
comfortable part of the hotel, is not only one of the
realities of the Uzbek language, but also directly
related to the family tradition of Uzbek hospitality.
Undoubtedly, this symbolic tradition is reflected in the
Uzbek linguocultural culture: Give the guest a heart,
give him a net. Hence, while culture is reflected in
language, it defines the universal and universal nature
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of a nation. In this regard, the rich phraseological fund
associated with the tradition of hospitality in English
and Uzbek linguocultures leads.
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