Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
8
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Linguistic pragmatics is one of the most promising and new areas of modern linguistics, which is an integral part of
the theory of language and is studied in the course of general linguistics. Lingvopragmatics refers to the study of how
language is used in specific contexts and social settings. It combines the fields of pragmatics, which studies how
meaning is constructed through language use, and linguistics, which studies the scientific structure and function of
language. This field examines how pragmatic factors such as social context, speaker intentions, implication,
presupposition, and the cooperative principle interact with linguistic elements to influence communication.
KEYWORDS
Pragmalinguistics, implication, presupposition, linguistic picture.
INTRODUCTION
Linguistic pragmatics is one of the most promising and
new directions of modern linguistics. It is an integral
part of the theory of language and is studied in the
course of general linguistics. Pragmalinguistics is the
opposite of formal linguistics, which focuses more on
language form than language use. This direction is
related to language learning and the theory of speech
acts. In more detail, the scope of this science includes
the analysis of the explicit and implicit goals of speech,
the internal attitude of the speaker and the willingness
of the listener to "go towards" in achieving the desired
meaning; study of types of communicative behavior:
Research Article
RESEARCH OF COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE
VERBALIZERS OF THE CONCEPT "MOUTH" IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Submission Date:
Sep 26, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Oct 01, 2024,
Published Date:
Oct 06, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue10-02
Otajonov Botirbek Ashuralievich
Teacher, Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
9
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
speech strategy and tactics, dialogue rules aimed at
achieving communication efficiency, use of so-called
"indirect" speech movements and various methods of
language games.[14.1]
Lingvopragmatics refers to the study of how language
is used in specific contexts and social conditions. It
combines the fields of pragmatics, which studies how
meaning is constructed through the use of language,
and linguistics, which studies the scientific structure
and function of language. Lingvopragmatics studies
how pragmatic factors such as social context, speaker
intent,
implication,
presupposition,
and
the
cooperative principle interact with linguistic elements
to influence communication.
The signs and
characteristics of the combined concepts "mouth" and
"oğiz" and the different aspects in the content of the
content are also expressed in the linguistic landscape
of the English and Uzbek languages. This situation
indicates that different cultures and peoples have their
own historical and national traditions regarding the
unique way of seeing, perceiving, imagining and
creating images, categorizing, conceptualizing and
naming the world and things in it. In English, the word
"mouth" has the following meanings in addition to the
human organ: the opening of a narrow container, the
opening of a hole or cave, or the place where a river
flows into the sea[3.2], For example: −At the mouth of
the mall the two houses on either side were rented by
family retainers with their own families and star
boarders, single men who lived in the basement
apartments.[7.70] − Quebec is at the mouth of the St
Lawrence River. −Three miles below town the
ferryboat stopped at the mouth of a woody hollow and
tied up. −The mouth of the cave was up the hillside—
an opening shaped like a letter A.[8.4]
In Uzbek: 1. Miltiq, to
ʼ
pponcha, minomyot,
zambarak kabi otish qurollarining o
ʼ
q otilib chiqadigan
teshigi, stvolining uch qismi ogizga oxshab dumaloq
teshikligi tufayli shunday ataladi. −Тo’rt nemis
minomyuot og’zini berigi qirg’oqqa to’g’rilayotgani
tepasidan chiqib qolgan Holmatjon bir dam esankirab
qoldi.[15.635] 2. Ichki bo
ʼ
shlig
ʼ
i, ichi bo
ʼ
lgan
narsalarning kirish-chiqish uchun xizmat qiladigan joyi,
teshigi. −O
ʼ
raning og
ʼ
zi.
−
G
ʼ
orning og
ʼ
zi.
–
Та
ndir
og
’
zidan uchib chiqayotgan son-sanoqsiz uchqunlar
qorong
’
ilik qa
’
riga kirib birin-ketin o
’
chadi.[15.99]
Idishlarning narsa olish-qo
ʼ
yish uchun xizmat qiladigan
teshigi.
−
Shishaning og
ʼ
zi.
–
А
dham uning shamasini
fahmlab ko
’
rpacha yonidagi hali og
’
zi ochilmagan
shishani etagiga yashirib ildamlik bilan tol orqasiga
o
’
tdi.[15.93] 4. Ko
ʼ
chaning, yo
ʼ
lning boshlanish,
kiraverish joyi.
−
Ko
ʼ
cha og
ʼ
zi.
In English, the
word mouth can also be used as a transitive verb: to
form words with the lips without making any sound.
We came across the following example in the
Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary: −It looks to
me as if the singers are only mouthing the words.
[+speech] "Can we go?" mouthed Mary. I don't want to
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
10
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
stand here listening to you mouthing (= saying in a way
that is not sincere) excuses.[17.1]
In Uzbek: Baloning og
ʼ
zi (O
’
limning og
’
zi)- Juda
xavfli, qo
ʼ
rqinchli joy.
–
Shundoq bolam o
’
lim og
’
zidan
qaytib keladi-yu s
evinish o’rniga to’rsayib yurish sizga
yarashmaydi.[15.502] Bir (yoki ikki) og
ʼ
iz gap (yoki so
ʼ
z)
Ozgina gap, qisqa gap.
—А
na shunday paytda bir og
’
iz
mehribon so
’
z, bir og
’
iz iliq kalmia asablar ostida
yotgan ko
’
z yoshini siqib olib chiqadi.
–
Boqiboyevlar
bayroqni qabul qilib oldi-
da, ikki og’izgina gap
aytdi.[15.149]
—
[Muattar]
—
Bir narsa so
ʼ
ragani kelsak
ham ikki og
ʼ
iz so
ʼ
z bilan javob berib, haydagandek qilib
jo
ʼ
natadilar.
—
[Sunbul]
—
Kun bo
ʼ
yi xizmatini qilaman,
idorasining yozishmalari bormi, ikki og
ʼ
iz gapiradigan
nutqi bormi, hammasini o
ʼ
zim tayyorlayman.[16.185]
In English: be all mouth (яна: be all mouth and no
trousers) - it refers to someone who talks a lot about
doing something but never actually does it. "Mouth"
means "speech" rather than action, and "trousers" is
probably a reference to the male (manhood) from the
promise of origin, or a reference to trousers as male
clothing. Meaning: to talk, but not to act. −He says he's
going to complain to the manager, but I reckon he's all
mouth.[17.1]
In English: The word mouthful refers to the
amount of food or drink that is put into the mouth at
one time: −Betty drank a mouthful of beer. −He took a
mouthful of his pudding. −Oh, my lord, no food had
passed your lips since the morning of yesterday. I
beseech you to take at least a few mouthfuls.[13.464]
We have seen that this word expresses different
meanings depending on the verb used with it. The
phrase Give somediv a mouthful, especially in British
English, means to speak at someone angrily, usually
using abusive language: − A taxi driver wound down his
window and gave the cyclist a mouthful. More
commonly used in American English, the phrase say a
mouthful means to say a lot of true and important
things about something in just a few words. This
phrase is often used to express agreement: − Sheriff
Brandon, grinning gleefully said, ‘You certainly said a
mouthful when you said you never won anything by
being on the defensive...’.[1.1] Also, the phrase (a bit
of) a mouthful is used to refer to a long word or phrase
that is difficult to pronounce: − This word is quite a
mouthful for a small child.[1.2]
The Uzbek phrase bir
og
ʼ
izdan is used when a certain number of people all
give the same opinion:
−
O
ʼ
n nafar chashnachi bir
og
ʼ
izdan «a
ʼ
lo» baho qo
ʼ
yishdi. K. Mahmudov, Qiziqarli
pazandachilik.
In English: live from hand to mouth - has the
meaning of living in poverty. Some sources say that this
idiom originated in Britain during the Famine. At that
time, food was so scarce that when people found
sustenance, they ate it directly from their hands to
their mouths. They did not have the opportunity to
save the food they found for later.
–
They were people
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
11
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of a sort very common in America to-day, who live
respectably from hand to mouth.[10.325]
–
Living as he
does, from hand to mouth, nothing is too good for him
to eat; and he will eat it.[13.532]
–
Most of the young
men and women had moved away.
–
As Clyde pictured
this uncle, he must be a kind of Croesus, living in ease
and luxury there in the east, while here in the west
—
Kansas City
—
he and his parents and his brother and
sisters were living in the same wretched and humdrum,
hand-to-mouth state that had always characterized
their lives.[12.3]
In Uzbek: gapi (or so
ʼ
zi) og
ʼ
zida qoldi. That is, not being
able to say what you want to say. Not being able to
finish what you are trying to say, speaking half-
heartedly.
–
Bolta muallimning gapi og
ʼ
zida qoldi.
Tog
ʼ
ayga olayib qaradi. N. Norqobilov, To
ʼ
qnashuv.
–
А
zizxonning gapi og
ʼ
zida qoldi.[15.7] Gapi og
ʼ
zidan
tushib ketadigan - someone who can't speak fluently;
The
English
expression make one's mouth water is an idiom to
make someone expect or want something, usually
food or drink, because of its attractive or tasty nature.
In response to the pleasant smell, aroma, taste or
appearance of a thing, a person's appetite increases,
salivary glands work, and the mouth shows water. It is
often used figuratively to describe anything attractive
other than just food.:
–
Those travel folders about
Nepal make my mouth water.[11.3] The term metaphor
refers to word of mouth while waiting for food, and
was used figuratively beginning in the mid-1600s:
–
That
beautiful salad makes my mouth water. Talking about
food makes my mouth water.[18.1]
–
Heathcliff, who
Catherine sus
pects will “devour” Isabella, whose
mouth waters, according to Isabella, to tear Hindley
“with his teeth”...[4.177] In English, the adjective
"mouth-watering" is often used to convey the same
meaning.
–
Turn to page 25 for more mouth-watering
recipes.
–
Mouth-watering aroma coming from the
kitchen.[5.998]
–Tom’s mouth watered for the apple,
but he stuck to his work.[8.1] The alternative of this
phrase in Uzbek is: оg’zining suvi kelmoq. To see
something and get very excited, to want to eat or drink
it; to be discouraged. That is, when a person sees a
tasty food, he wants to eat it, and the salivary glands in
the mouth begin to produce saliva.
The
English word goalmouth means the area in front of the
goal in football or hockey:−We have all read of the
protective attitudes of many education establishments
to the dual use of schools, often referred to as the
"grass in the goalmouth" syndrome.[3.2]
The Uzbek expression darvoza og
ʼ
zi - a city, a
castle gate, or a place generally near a gate. For
examp
le: −Nazarida, xuddi shu darvoza og
ʼ
zida
velosiped ustasi borday bo
ʼ
ldi.
А
. Qahhor, Sarob.
The
English
expression put your money where your mouth is
means making an effort to support one's statements
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
12
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
or opinions. This phrase first appeared in America in the
1930s or 1940s. The idea behind this idiom is that it's
easy to talk about doing something, but harder to
actually do something about it. Therefore, if a person
talks about what they believe to be true, but does
nothing to actually back it up, someone can use this
idiom against them. Before this phrase appeared, there
were several other similar expressions. They are “put
your money where your faith is” and “put your money
where your heart is”. The idea behind these is similar,
which is that if you care about something, you should
back it up with money or other actions: −It's time for
the mayor to put his money where his mouth is and
increase funding for schools[9.1].
The
Uzbek
expression besh qo
ʼ
lni (or barmoqni, panjani) og
ʼ
ziga
urmoq (or tiqmoq) means trying to absorb everything
at once without being able to restrain one's desires.
The English phrase (Do) you eat with
that mouth? is a rhetorical question usually used to
express displeasure or surprise at someone's rude or
abusive language. This means that the person speaking
should pay more attention to their words or show
more respect in communication. This is a way of
criticizing someone for inappropriate speech.: −Stop
cursing around all these little kids! Geez, you eat with
that mo
uth? −Wow, those are some mighty vulgar
words for a 10-year-old to know. Do you eat with that
mouth, young man? −Billy, what would possess you to
stand up and curse in the middle of a schoolassembly?
Do you eat with that mouth?[18.3] Looking at the
"mouth" page of the "Idioms Free Dictionary" on the
Internet, we saw that some of the words in this phrase
can change, but the meaning remains the same: Do you
kiss your momma/grandmother/granny with that
mouth? It's no secret that mothers and grandmothers
are usually respected and revered in all nations. They
use this expression to refer to someone who uses dirty,
rude, obscene or extremely offensive words.
The expression in Uzbek katta
og
ʼ
iz or og
ʼ
zi katta describes someone who neglects
others, who is
used to boasting, who is braggart − Bitta
og'zi katta boyga kuchim yetmagandan keyin bu shop-
shalopni nega taqdim etdi?[2.251]
The English expression a big mouth (to have a big
mouth) means to be likely to reveal personal or
confidential information to other people; a person who
talks a lot, especially about himself or herself, and who
cannot keep secrets. A big mouth (to be a big mouth)
is used of someone who talks too much or spills secrets
they don't need. It can be compared to tight-lipped
because it is used to refer to someone who can keep
secrets at all costs [21.3]: −Why did you have to have
such a big mouth and reveal all our private
affairs?[13.517] Also, light-mouthed is used to refer to
someone who likes to tell other people's secrets,
spread false rumors, and often makes promises but
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
13
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
never keeps them: −He is a light mouthed. I've never
seem him keep his word.[22.3]
The Uzbek expression og
ʼ
zi bo
ʼ
sh (lik qilish) is an
alternative to the English expression "a big mouth" or
“
light-mouthed
”
given above, and is used to refer to a
person who cannot keep a secret: −Sevargul choy
quyib uzatarkan, og
ʼ
zi bo
ʼ
shlik qilib qo
ʼ
yganiga
ko
ʼ
nglida pushaymon bo
ʼ
ldi. N. Qilichev, Chig
ʼ
iriq.
The English expression (straight) from
the horse's mouth means from the original or most
reliable source and it originated in British horse racing
circles, because the best source of racing advice would
be the horse itself, not the spectators or the riders,
that is, the boisterous boys who keep the racehorses
inspecting them and reporting on their condition
before the race. The horse's mouth is a bit of a joke,
meaning that the horse himself is telling him how he is
doing. A knowledgeable rider can tell by carefully
examining a racing animal, especially its head, how it
will fare that day. In particular, a horse's teeth, gums,
throat and tongue tell exactly how healthy and strong
the animal will be to run at top speed. In other words,
how to bet on a horse comes straight from the horse's
mouth. For example,
—
"I heard Andy got angry and
quit this morning!" "Well, I can confirm it's true since I
had lunch with Andy and heard it straight from the
horse's mouth."
—
Look, if you don't believe me, go
over to Sarah right now and get it straight from the
horse's mouth[20.3].
The phrase in Uz
bek “o’z og’zi bilan aytmoq/o’z
og’zidan eshitmoq” means that what is said is true and
reliable: −О‘zingiz, o‘z og'zingiz bilan «yuk bosdi»,
demadingizmi?[2.89] [Ikrom] -Boray-
chi, otaning o’zlari
aytib qolarlar. O’z og’izlaridan eshitay. –
Injener
hozirgin
a
Azizxonning
o’z
og’zidan
eshitgan
sarguzashtlar ta’siridan qutulolmay, o’ylab jimgina
ko’zini yumib borardi.[15.40] The Uzbek expression
«Olma pish, og
ʼ
zimga tush deb o
ʼ
tirmoq» means not to
burn your soul to do the work faster, to sit carelessly
thinking
that it will happen by itself: −O
ʼ
zlari ham olma
pish, og
ʼ
zimga tush, deb qo
ʼ
llarini qovushtirib
o
ʼ
tiravermasinlar-da, axir. Sh. Rashidov, Bo
ʼ
rondan
kuchli.
−
Zero, bugun
”
Olma pish, og
ʼ
zimga tush
”
qabilida kun kechiraydigan payt emas[22.1].
The phrase
in English a bad taste in someone’s
mouth is an idiomatic expression that describes
someone's negative or unpleasant feelings or
impressions about a particular situation, experience, or
person. It means that something has left a negative
impression, disappointment or displeasure on
someone's mind. It is often used to describe feelings of
dissatisfaction, disappointment, regret, or insecurity.
For example, −Then the CIA’s infiltration of student
groups and university faculties left a bad taste in my
mouth.[1
3.747] −The way they conducted the interview
left a bad taste in my mouth. I don't think I'd accept the
job even if they offered it. −This kid's been expelled
from schools before? This incident has left a bad taste
in all our mouths.[1.2]
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
14
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The Uzbek expression ona suti og
ʼ
ziga kelmoq means
to try hard, to struggle, to suffer doing something with
difficulties.
−
Bu atlaslarni Otaboydan undirguncha naq
Qo
ʼ
ziboyning ona suti og
ʼ
ziga keldi. S.
А
hmad, Cho
ʼ
l
shamollari.
In
English: a motor mouth - a person who talks incessantly
or excessively. Mouth - the organ used by a person to
speak, motor - motor, that is, the source of power,
inspiration, driving force for a car, vehicle or
something. For example:
–
Jake is such a motor mouth
that I find it exhausting talking to him! You need to quit
being such a motor mouth in the classroom!
–
Shortly
after Claire started talking, she turned into a total
motor mouth. Now, I hear about Disney movies all day
long! There is another idiom in English "Running off
at the mouth", which portrays someone who talks
excessively or uncontrollably, often without thinking
carefully about what they are saying. It means that
such a person speaks without considering the
consequences or effects of his words. In the Uzbek
language, the e
xpression “og’zi gapdan bo’shamaslik”
is used for a person who talks a lot without stopping: -
U samovarga tarasha tashlab o’t oldirarkan og’zi
gapdan bo’shamasdi.[15.164]. There is another
expression оg’zi bemaza which is used to refer to
someone who regularly uses rude, abusive or obscene
language. This usually means that the person has a
tendency to speak inappropriately or offensively. For
example,
–Оg’zi bemaza odam. (So’zlashuvdan)
The English expression toilet mouth is used in speech
to refer to a foul-mouthed/sloppy person who uses
profanity, blasphemy or obscenity, especially at
inappropriate times. This phrase is also often used as a
childish rebuke to a child or to an adult. We took the
following examples from the online dictionary Idioms
Free Dictionary:
–
Hey, you little toilet/potty mouth! If I
hear you speaking like that around your grandmother
again, you're going to be grounded for a week!
–
Well
there's no need to be a toilet mouth about it, Rick. You
could have refused like a civilized person.[18.4]. There
are equivalents of the expressions in Uzbek. They are
оg’zi buzuq (or yomon), оg’zi shaloq used to refer to a
person who utters shameful, obscene expressions, and
swears without hesitation.
–
Uning og
ʼ
zi shunaqa
shaloq, bodi kirib, shodi chiqaveradi. O. Husanov,
Toshga suv sepsang.
–
Lekin narigisi kassadan
kelgandan beri og
ʼ
zini shaloq qilib so
ʼ
kingani-
so
ʼ
kingan.
А
. Muxtor, Tug
ʼ
ilish.
REFERENCES
1.
ABBYY Lingvo Electronic Dictionary. Windows-
based online dictionary and translation tool.
Boston Language Institute. 2000.
2.
Over the century works: Cholpan. Day and night.
Roman. The first book. Third edition. Editor-in-
Chief of "Sharq" publishing joint-stock company
Tashkent - 2007, p 251
3.
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary &
Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
Volume 04 Issue 10-2024
15
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
10
P
AGES
:
8-15
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
4.
Emily Bronte’s, Wuthering Heights. Blooms
Modern Critical Interpretations. Edited and with
introduction by Harold Bloom, p. 177
5.
Longman
Exams
Dictionary
for
Upper-
Intermediate-Advanced Learners.
6.
British Cataloguing Pearson. 2006. 998-bet
7.
Mario Puzo, The Godfather, Chapter 2, 70-bet
8.
Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,
Chapter II
9.
Merriam-Webster.com
Dictionary,
Merriam-
Webster
10.
Th.Dreiser. Sister Carrie. Chapter XI. The Persuasion
of Fashion: Feeling Guard
s O’er Its Own. 98
-bet
11.
11.The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by
Christine Ammer. Copyright © 2003, 1997 by The
Christine
Ammer1992
Trust.
Published
by
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All
rights reserved.
12.
Theodore Dreiser, ‘American Tragedy’, Book I,
Chapter II
13.
Kunin A.V. "Big English-Russian Phraseological
Dictionary" 4th edition, corrected and expanded.
Moscow. Russian language 1984, p. 464
14.
Madinakhan Shukhrathuja kizi Ashrabhujaeva
Gosudarstvennyy universitet mirovykh yazykov
Uzbekistana. Article: Lingvopragmatika kak osnova
izucheniya vzaimosvyaziazyka i ego ispolzovaniya.
Journal: Science and Education. 2022
15.
Said Ahmed, Horizon, Trilogy. Literary and Art
Publishing House named after Gafur Ghulam,
Tashkent - 1976, page 635
16.
Erkin Vahidov. Saylanma. Volume 2. The first
season. The world of poetry. p 167, 185.
17.
://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/be-
all-mouth
18.
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/a+potty-
19.
https://sangzor.uz/soliq-xabarlari/3883-olma-pish-
ozimga-tush-abilida-kun-kechiradigan-payt-
20.
https://www.oysterenglish.com/straight-from-the-
21.
https://www.theidioms.com/big-mouth/
22.
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?ter
