American Journal Of Philological Sciences
41
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
41-44
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue02-12
The phenomenon of polypredicativity in complex
syntactic constructions of Chinese and Uzbek languages
Nematova Niginabonu Alisherovna
Teacher of KIUT Samarkand branch, Uzbekistan
Received:
11 December 2024;
Accepted:
13 January 2025;
Published:
15 February 2025
Abstract:
The phenomenon of predicativity has been interpreted in linguistics for many years. However, despite
this, the opinions expressed in this area are not general. In most works on grammar, predication is understood as
a participle, and therefore it is emphasized that this phenomenon takes place only within a sentence. In recent
decades, scientists have been paying increasing attention to polypredicative sentences. The term "polypredicative
sentence" has become established both in theoretical works and in teaching practice. A polypredicative
construction consists of predicative units that have the formal and semantic organization of a simple sentence,
but do not have the main property of a communicative unit - semantic completeness. A complex sentence as a
whole has this property, which brings it closer to a simple sentence that functions as a separate utterance. In
written speech, a complex sentence, like a simple one, is separated from neighboring sentences by a period or a
question or exclamation mark, which signal that it constitutes a separate communicative unit. In oral speech, the
communicative completeness of a complex sentence is conveyed by intonation [Beloshapkova, 1991, 811-812]. A
polypredicative sentence is a complex sentence that consists of several parts that are similar in form to simple
sentences, but form a single whole in meaning, construction and intonation. The structure of a polypredicative
sentence is varied. The parts of a polypredicative sentence are connected on the basis of union connections of
subordination and composition, therefore polypredicative sentences are divided into complex and compound.
Keywords:
Predicate, participle, independent word, phrase, tense, person, intonation, sentence, microtext.
Introduction:
The influence of the doctrine of A.M.
Peshkovsky was great on the interpretation of the
phenomenon of predicativity as a form of
intersectionality that occurs only within the framework
of a sentence. A.M. Peshkovsky uses the term
"intersection" instead of the term "predicativity" .
According to him, sectionality is a phenomenon that
makes not only the section, but also the sentence,
speak.
A more correct idea can be found in the views of V.V.
Vinogradov. According to the scientist, predicativity
expresses the relationship of the meaning of a sentence
to reality and emphasizes its inextricable connection
with modality, tense, and person.
However, it should be noted that the concepts of tense
and person are not directly related to the phenomenon
of predicativity, as sentences that do not contain a verb
can also express predicativity. Accordingly, V.V.
Vinogradov’s view that predicativity is the only means
of expressing a relationship to reality can be agreed
with only to a certain extent.
METHODOLOGY
As Yu.S. Stepanov rightly pointed out, predication is a
phenomenon that is not related to the concept of
tense. Since there are sentences that do not contain a
verb or a tense category, it follows that predication is
not dependent on the concepts of verb and tense.
Similarly, Sh. N. Turniyazova, supporting the views of
Kh.Z. Khayrullaev, writes: “...the claim that the
phenomenon of predicativity arises only at the
sentence level, in our opinion, requires further
clarification. Since the concept of predicativity is
associated with expressing a relationship to reality, it
can be conveyed not only through an independent
word but also through a phrase”.
Moreover, the scholar asserts that predicativity is also
intrinsically linked to the concept of modality.
Modality, in turn, can be observed in a single word, a
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
42
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
phrase, or a sentence. However, its most complete
expression can be seen in a text, which in turn indicates
that the text itself is also a predicative structure.
DISCUSSION
Agreeing with the views mentioned above, it is also
important to emphasize that complex syntactic
structures (CSS) are intrinsically connected to the
concept of predicativity. Notably, since each
component of a CSS possesses its own predicativity, we
can classify it as a poly-predicative structure.
1.
Аmmo hisob, jabr, xandasa, joʼgʼrofiya, tarix,
falakiyot, tibbiyot kabi xalqlarning madaniyati va
tiraqqiyotiga xizmat qiladigan yana koʼp ilmlar borki,
ularning taqdiri haqida oʼylash bugungi olamshumul
vazifamizdir (Oybek. Ulugʼ yoʼl).
2.
这家伙想照顾他的母亲，照顾种植，夏天在河里
游泳，冬天开车野兔穿过雪地，当红薯成熟时，吃
红薯，当玉米成熟时，吃玉米，当小麦成熟时，小
麦。
(
潘
晓婷
,
年
轻人
);
The feature of predicativity expressed in complex
syntactic structures (CSS) is closely linked to the
predicative meanings of its components.
It is worth noting that all components of a CSS
independently express modality and convey a
relationship to reality. However, since they function
within a specific CSS, they are interconnected both
semantically and syntactically.
Men tushgan tramvayda u ham bor ekan,lekin u meni
koʼrmadi (Oydin. Gulsanam).
In the given example, the CSS consists of two
components, each independently expressing a
relationship to reality. At the same time, since this
syntactic structure functions as a single, cohesive CSS
and contains multiple instances of predicativity, we
classify it as a poly-predicative structure.
Similarly, in the following examples, we also observe
poly-predicative structures:
1.
一般来
说，我的母亲也是一个美女：以前，当她
在大丸超市担任推销员时，她与男人一起获得了巨
大的成功，但她有骄傲，自我控制和清醒
—
她
总是
知道她最终。（李碧华。
潮州巷
-
吃腌
鹅的女
人）
。
In addition to the points mentioned, it should also be
noted that the phenomenon of poly-predicativity
contributes to the formation of a unified semantic
expression within the components of a CSS. In other
words, the modality observed in this structure
necessitates the integration of the modal features
expressed by each component of the CSS.
As a result, a higher-level modality feature emerges,
which, in turn, leads to the formation of a super-
predicative meaning:
Oftob nayzaga kelib qoldi, ammo kun issiq emas,
shabada mezon ipaklarini tut qatorlariga eltib iladi,
uzoqdagi chorbogʼlarni xazon oʼrtab ketgan, faqat
Sitorai Mohi Xosan
ing parvarishli bogʼlari hamon toʼq
-
yashil ranga burkanib yotardi (А. Muxtor. Buxoroning
jinkoʼchalari).
Within the given CSS, five components function as its
structural elements, each composed of relatively
independent clauses that possess their own predicative
properties. However, as noted earlier, the term
"independent" should be understood relatively in this
context. Once integrated into a CSS, each clause loses
its
complete
independence
and
becomes
interconnected with other CSS components.
This interconnection, in turn, links their predicative
features, ultimately forming a super-predicative
meaning through poly-predicativity. In the given CSS,
this can be clearly observed in the way its components
successively depict unfolding events.
In other words, even a microtext formed by the
combination of two clauses creates a cohesive message
and establishes a predicative meaning. As previously
mentioned, this phenomenon is referred to as super-
predicativity . In our opinion, superpredicativity arises
at the core of the relationships that are expressed in
reality in two or more predicative devices.
The overpredicative sign of CSS is realized through the
syntactic and semantic interconnection of independent
sentences, otherwise it would be possible to speak not
about overpredicativity, but only about separate
predicative signs. It is in this respect that the
phenomenon of overpredicativity is inextricably linked
with CSS derivation. After all, in this case, the
overpredicative sign is also born at the same time as
the final result of syntactic derivation - the derivative.
Poly-predicative structures possess the characteristic
of synonymic restructuring. In other words, the
components within CSSs engage in syntactic
interactions that exhibit transformational properties. In
this process, as derivational operators change, the
lexical and grammatical means that establish the
syntactic-semantic
relationships
between
CSS
components also undergo modification.
However, despite these transformations, the CSS does
not lose its poly-predicative nature
—
it merely
undergoes a structural transformation. To illustrate this
point, let us consider the following example:
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
43
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
Kun botib, osmon qoraydi.
Kun botgach, osmon qoraydi.
Kun botishi bilan, osmon qoraydi.
Kun botdi-yu, osmon qoraydi.
Kun botdi va osmon qoraydi.
In the given example, the CSS consists of two
components, each possessing its own predicative
property. These predicative structures merge within a
single CSS framework, first forming poly-predicativity
and subsequently leading to the emergence of super-
predicativity.
At the same time, in the synonymic variations of the
example, although the lexical-grammatical means
connecting the two components have changed, the
poly-predicative nature of the CSS remains intact. From
a derivational perspective, only the derivation
operators have been modified, without altering the
fundamental poly-predicative structure. Let us
compare the following examples:
Kun botib, osmon qoraydi
–
operator: -ib;
Kun botgach, osmon qoraydi
–
operator: -gach;
Kun botishi bilan, osmon qoraydi
–
operator: bilan;
Kun botdi-yu, osmon qoraydi
–
operator: -yu;
门开了，他就进去了
- operator -
就
(va);
当
门打开时，他进入
- dubloperator -
当
,
时
(-ganda,
-gan paytda);
门刚开，他就进了
- dubloperator -
刚
,
就
(-yu, va).
RESULT
It seems that polypredicative CSSs are formed in the
mind of a person as a compositional-syntactic unit and
are determined by the characteristics of his thinking.
That is, the scope of expansion or narrowing of the CSS,
the means of connecting its components, the ability to
choose an operator from the pool of operators, all this
depends on the human mind. At the same time, the
cognitive pragmatic situation also plays an important
role in this.
1. Kun chiqayotganda shahar tashqarisida bir qism
qoʼshini bilan Shayboniyxon paydo boʼldi, ammo u suv
toʼla chohdan beriga oʼtolmadi; barcha darvozalar
Boburning odamlari tomonidan bekitib olingan,
chohlarning koʼpriklari koʼtarilgan, ichkarida intiqom
davom etmoqda edi (P. Qodirov. Yulduzli tunlar).
2.
当
电视的人来拜访我们时，我们已经离开了潮州
巷，因为在九十七年五月，城市发展部门开始了这
条不起眼的街道的正式重组。
（李碧
华。
潮州巷
-
吃腌
鹅的女人）。
In the first example, the CSS consists of five
components, each possessing its own predicative
property. The poly-predicativity of the CSS structure is
primarily observed in the coordinated relationship
between the first and second components. Here, the
adversative conjunction "but" serves as the linking
element between the CSS components. Meanwhile,
the subsequent components are sequentially
connected through intonation rather than explicit
conjunctions.
From a derivational perspective, the derivational
process between these CSS components relies on a
zero operator. Since the components within the CSS
consist of relatively independent clauses, it is natural
for each to express its own relationship to reality.
However, this poly-predicative phenomenon is
concentrated within a single CSS, and the predicativity
of its components collectively leads to the emergence
of super-predicativity.
In the second example, the CSS consists of three
components:
1.
当
电视的人来拜访我们时
2.
我
们已经离开了潮州巷
3.
因
为在九十七年五月，城市发展部门开始了
这条不起眼的街道的正式重组
In this CSS, as in the first one, each component has its
own predicativity. In turn, sentences with predicativity
are
combined
within
one
CSS,
forming
polypredicativity. In this CSS, the first component
creates a contact relationship with the second, and the
second component with the third.
CONCLUSION
CSS structures are inherently connected to the concept
of predicativity. Since each component of a CSS
possesses its own predicative property, we classify it as
a poly-predicative structure.
The phenomenon of poly-predicativity contributes to
the formation of a unified semantic expression within
CSS components. In other words, the modality
observed in CSS requires the integration of the modal
features expressed by each of its components. As a
result, a higher-level modality feature emerges in this
context. This, in turn, leads to the formation of super-
predicative meaning.
REFERENCES
Ли Ц. С. Грамматика китайского языка / Ц. С. Ли. –
Пекин: Изд
-
во Коммерческая пресса, 2000.
Люй Шу
-
сян. Очерк грамматики китайского яз. М.,
Издательство “Наука”, 1965.
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
44
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
. Turniyazova Sh. Hozirgi zamon oʼzbek tilida matn
shakllanishining derivatsion xususiyatlari. Nomz. dis.
Toshkent, 2010.
Пешковский А.М. Русский синтаксис в научном
освещении. Изд.5
-
е.
-
М., 1935
Xayrullaev X.Z. Soʼz, Soʼz birikmasi va gapning
predikativlikka
munosabati//
Nomzodlik
dis.
avtoreferati .- Toshkent, 2001
外国人
实用汉语语法。北京语言大学出版社。
2007
年
В.И.Горелов. Грамматика китайского языка. –
М.:
Просвещение, 1982
Ғаффоров А.А. Ҳозирги ўзбек тилида парцелятив ва
илова қурилмаларнинг синтактик деривацияси.
Номзодлик диссертацияси. –
Самарқанд, 1997.
