American Journal Of Philological Sciences
104
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
104-107
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue02-30
Impact and effectiveness of the framework approach to
solving social-existential problems in new Uzbekistan
Asatulloev Inomjon Abobakir ugli
Associate Professor of Fergana State University, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Uzbekistan
Received:
21 December 2024;
Accepted:
23 January 2025;
Published:
25 February 2025
Abstract:
In the existential philosophy of Erich Fromm, the human soul's tendency to creativity and destruction,
the desire for domination or submission in people, the content and social significance of love and hatred for life
are analyzed.
Keywords:
Creativity, destruction, desire for domination, submission, soul, social dependence, alienation.
Introduction:
Man is a rational being: he is the owner
of pleasant qualities and virtues. Since his birth,
mankind has always sought to emdiv the image of
humanity, the actions that befit him in behavior, and
one or another virtue. The rules of etiquette and
behavior of today's man have been formed and
improved over the centuries. These virtues are
expressed in the external and internal qualities of every
person - in his behavior and actions. In fact, the correct
direction of thinking is a process directly related to the
issues of education. As is known, the main task of
education is to perfect a person. Educating a person
can eliminate material and animalistic desires and
increase his divine and merciful qualities. A perfect
person is the truth of all people, that is, the human of
humans. As Najmiddin Kamilov said, “
A perfect person
is an ideal, possessing all worldly and divine knowledge,
whose soul is connected to the Absolute Spirit, is full of
grace and miracles, whose life is organized, and whose
heart is pure and free from noble feelings”[1]. There
are social criteria for perfection specific to each era.
This is because human beings differ from each other in
terms of their intellectual, spiritual, and physical
abilities, talents, and potential. Guiding a person to
honesty, purity, humanity, correctness, goodness, in
short, to high morality has become one of the most
important issues today.
In the philosophical anthropology of Erich Fromm, the
issues of preventing moral crisis and forming high
spirituality are also analyzed. The idea of the need to
form high morality in society is put forward to prevent
nuclear war, eliminate the nature of international
terrorism and religious extremism, and reduce moral
degradation, destructiveness, and the desire for
violence. Moral decline, according to the thinker, is
accelerated by false emotions, stereotyped thinking,
insincere attitudes, the absence of critical thinking, and
the formation of a robotic person. Therefore, the task
of finding and studying ways to eliminate moral decline
is emerging.
Throughout life, a person spends his main energy on
achieving his desires. But does he know what he wants,
or does he want to achieve the goal he is striving for?
Questions like this arise throughout life: is a person
running after something that should make him happy,
but does it not touch his soul as soon as he achieves it?
According to Fromm's philosophy, modern man lives in
a state of fantasy that he knows what he wants, but he
wants it according to the template accepted by the
majority. People's desires, as well as their thoughts and
feelings, are not their own, but are attached to them
from outside, but it is very difficult to understand this
[2;204]. People are avoiding the responsibility of being
free, liberated, sincere and polite, and are reluctantly
following conformism. Although conformity seems
good for everyone, it is not a solution to problems, but
an escape from them, a turning a blind eye. According
to the scientist, today's man, through conformity,
chooses not freedom, but spiritual dependence. The
culture of the era of globalization is increasing the
number of paths leading to conformism (conformity).
In such conditions, the development of true
individuality in people slows down, a person loses his
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
«I», and deepens his doubts about his identity.
According to Erich Fromm, this situation turns
conformism (conformity) into an unwritten law. If we
do not live according to the general scenario accepted
by the majority, in addition to the growing
dissatisfaction of others with us, isolation, we lose
confidence in our own essence, which undermines
mental health [2;204]. In such conditions, it is possible
to live in harmony with those around us, without
separating from them, but a person must continue to
live, giving up his spontaneity, individuality and
freedom. In a society based on economic relations,
there is a need to raise the human heart against the
emotional, intellectual and moral degradation of man.
In fact, a person can control his emotions. He is a being
capable of developing his good feelings and restraining
his bad ones. Erich Fromm writes that it is surprising
that despite the great hardships that befall people, they
not only retain, but even develop, such qualities as
dignity, courage and kindness.
In the 20th century, people developed insincerity and
fake emotions. Emotions were generally suppressed in
society. Creative thinking, like any other creative
activity, is inextricably linked with emotions. However,
the ideal life these days consists of thinking and living
without emotions. “Emotionality” has become
synonymous with imbalance or mental illness [2;195].
As a result of adopting these standards, a person
becomes weak and his thinking becomes poor and
shallow, Erich Fromm predicts. However, in our
opinion, it is impossible to completely suppress
emotions in a person. According to the thinker, those
at the top and bottom of the social pyramid are not
forced to be “nice”. But others live with the automatic
expression of such qualities as sincerity, cheerfulness,
and laughter. They suppress all their natural feelings
and qualities, burying them deep in their hearts. He
lives with false laughter, false sincerity, and false
emotions.
Through the efforts of psychoanalysts, an image of a
“normal” person has been created, who is never too
sad, too nervous, or too excited. They do not approve
of character traits or personality types that do not meet
this standard and call them “infantile” or “neurotic”
people. According to Erich Fromm, today not only
feelings and emotions, but also thinking are doomed to
distortion and interpretation. From the very first steps
of education, a child has a desire to think
independently, but ready-made ideas are placed in his
brain [2;197], says Fromm. Children want to know the
truth. However, this desire is ignored by adults or is
expressed in the form of gentle favors, as is the case
with the weak. Worse still, children are treated
insincerely, that is, their questions are answered in the
sense that they are answered whether they agree or
not. This is how a child prepared for life comes to
school. Here too, teaching methods aimed at
suppressing the child's independent thinking await.
Fromm expresses his opposition as follows: «The
student is required to know facts, information. The
more facts a person learns, the more he will come to
know reality! Hundreds of unrelated facts are forced
into the student's brain; all their time and energy are
spent on memorizing these facts, and there is neither
time nor energy for thinking and reasoning.
Spontaneous thinking, based only on knowing facts
without reflection, is a fiction. Worst of all, truth is
taught as a metaphysical concept. If someone tries to
explain that truth is not relative, today's «thinkers»
consider him backward» [2;198].
Today's upbringing and education often lead to the
destruction of sincerity and the replacement of original
mental acts with externally imposed feelings, thoughts
and desires. Children do not love someone «for no
reason». As they grow older, they lose the ability to
distinguish a real person from a bad person. This is
because the child first refuses to express his feelings,
and later refuses to accept these feelings themselves.
Children learn to suppress their perceived hostility or
insincerity in other people; sometimes this is very
difficult for them, because children have the ability to
notice these qualities, and it is not easy to deceive them
with words, like adults. Also, in the early stages of a
child's upbringing, he is taught to love everyone, be
friends with everyone, and laugh. This feeling that is
not his own is gradually instilled in him. Social pressure
also pushes him to do many things. In society, if you
don't laugh, you are considered «not a very nice
person» [2;194]. Such insincerity in education forces
children to grow up in stereotypes and lies. Sincere
emotions and relationships gradually disappear. This
also weakens the moral standards of society.
Erich Fromm explains the next prohibition that clouds
our thinking as follows: «Today's culture has the task of
blurring (obscuring) the main issues of personal and
social life, all psychological, economic, political and
moral problems. Problems are made to seem too
complex, beyond the understanding of the average
person. In fact, the opposite is true: many personal and
social problems are simple, so simple that practically
anyone can understand them. They are often described
as so complicated that only an “expert” can understand
them, and even then only an expert in this field; this
kills the courage and desire of people to think for
themselves; it extinguishes their ability and confidence
in thinking about pressing problems. « According to the
scientist, in such a situation, the individual has no
choice but to patiently wait for the “expert” to tell him
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
what to do. People become arrogant and distrustful,
and as a result, everything that is said arrogantly, based
on their own beliefs, seems right to them.
The thinker emphasizes that another factor that kills
the ability to think critically is the distorted
interpretation of the holistic picture of the world. We
have tried to explain the originality of thoughts and
feelings above, it is worth noting that this also applies
to desires. Erich Fromm asks the question of what
freedom means for modern man and answers as
follows. “Man has been freed from ex
ternal fetters that
prevent him from acting in accordance with his
thoughts and desires. If he knew what he wants, what
he thinks and feels, he would act freely according to his
will. However, he does not know this, he adapts to
anonymous authority and ado
pts an “I” that does not
constitute his essence” [2;201]. Thus, people seem to
be successfully functioning in economic and social life,
but behind this successful appearance it is impossible
not to notice the invisible (secret) dissatisfaction. In
such conditions, in order to eliminate the mental,
emotional and moral changes in people and the
formation of a sense of isolation, alienation and
dissatisfaction of people in society, the scientist says
that the formation of spontaneous activity is the only
solution. Therefore, the lack of critical thinking and
unlimited adaptability means heading towards a moral
crisis. In fact, the main activity of humanity is to realize
its «I». In this way, it must rely not only on the power
of thought, but also on its emotional capabilities. Such
spontaneity - creative activity can manifest itself in a
person's emotional, intellectual and sensual life, as well
as in his will.
A necessary condition for spontaneity is the recognition
of the integrity of the individual, the elimination of the
separation between “reason” and “nature”, because
spontaneous activity can occur only if the various
spheres of human life are united into a single whole,
only if a person does not suppress an important part of
his
personality.
According
to
Erich
Fromm,
“spontaneous activity is not a forced activity, forcibly
imposed by the loneliness and powerlessness of the
individual; it is not the activity of a robot, conditioned
by uncritical perception of templates due to external
influences. Spontaneous activity is the free activity of a
person” [2;205]. This term comes from the Latin word
“sponte”, which means “of its own accord”, “of its own
free will”. Thus, spontaneous activity is a creative
activity in which external influences and templates are
completely absent. Although spontaneity has become
a rare phenomenon for today's society, it is not yet
completely lost. Children can be cited as an example of
spontaneous activity. According to the philosopher,
“children are actually capable of feeling and t
hinking on
their own, that is, they behave as they say” [2;206].
Thus, spontaneity is measured by a person’s sincerity
and innocence. If a person has not lost these abilities,
then relationships will definitely be warmer. The
American scientist asks how spontaneous activity
solves mental, intellectual and moral problems. In his
opinion, spontaneous activity is the only opportunity
for a person to overcome his fears of loneliness without
giving up his “I”, because the spontaneous realization
of the human essence reunites him with the world, with
nature and with himself. But how does he reunite with
nature and with himself? The first way is through a
voluntary union based on love, and the second way is
through work. According to Fromm, it is not the result
of
work that is important here, but the process. “A
person is deprived of the only satisfaction that can
make him truly happy - the enjoyment of the creative
process. Only when a person speaks and feels
independently, then he feels the highest pride, the
high
est happiness” [2;208].
What does spontaneous activity give a person? What
problems can it solve in a person? It is worth noting that
modern society isolates and alienates a person. A
person lives with a sense of helplessness and fear. In
such conditions, doubts increase in a person. The only
way to get rid of doubts is to show his “I” on the basis
of spontaneous activity. “These doubts arise from a
person’s loneliness, from the limitations (tightness) of
life; if a person can live not by force, not by automatic
means, but spontaneously, doubts disappear.” Based
on the views of Erich Fromm, if individuals are allowed
to act freely, spontaneously, if they do not recognize
any authority above them, this inevitably leads to
anarchy. So, spontaneity is not a desire for
disobedience to authority, not a desire for
independence. It is a conscious responsibility and a
conscious freedom.
Erich Fromm believed that humanity has created a
democratic society, and from now on it is necessary not
only to preserve it, but also to strengthen and expand
it. Because an undeveloped democracy can become a
cause of moral decline. For this, the development of
democracy should consist in the development of true
freedom, initiative and spontaneity of the individual.
The only criterion for the realization of moral freedom
is the active participation of the individual in
determining his own destiny and the life of society,
which should be manifested not only in the formal act
of voting, but also in his daily activities, in his work, in
his relations with other people. As a shortcoming of
today's democracy, the scientist points out that it
cannot eliminate the consequences of the economic
powerlessness of the average individual.
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