American Journal Of Philological Sciences
131
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 03 2025
PAGE NO.
131-133
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue03-33
Functional-semantic analysis of multi-component mixed
compound sentences in modern Karakalpak
Mangitbaeva Zayfun Uzakbaevna
Doctoral student, Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute
of Humanities, Uzbekistan
Received:
28 January 2025;
Accepted:
28 February 2025;
Published:
31 March 2025
Abstract
:
This article analyzes the structure, semantic and functional features of multi-component mixed
compound sentences in the modern Karakalpak language. Multi-component compound sentences consist of
several simple or complex sentences connected by various grammatical means. The article examines the
classification of such sentences, their methods of semantic and syntactic connection, as well as their functions in
speech. Also, in order to determine the logical and communicative role of mixed compound sentences, their
causal, conditional, purposeful, comparative, and other semantic relations are analyzed.
Keywords:
Multi-component compound sentences, syntax, semantics, methods of connection, language units,
functional analysis.
Introduction:
In the modern Karakalpak language,
multi-component compound sentences are considered
one of the grammatically and semantically complex
structures. They consist of several simple or complex
sentences connected to each other by various
conjunctions or conjunctive means. Such sentences
play an important role in ensuring fluency of speech,
systematic presentation of information, and expanding
the functional capabilities of language.
It is difficult to disagree with the opinion of researchers
who emphasize the semantic and semantic dominance
of multicomponent compound sentences in the
communicative structure: "The order of predicative
complexes within a certain syntactic unit is determined
not by the laws of structure, but by the functions of
information and the purposes of its use, i.e., the rules
of dynamic syntax" [1. 92-
б]. Additionally, multi
-
component compound-complex sentences can include
various types of clauses in terms of structure. In such
sentences, several simple clauses may be connected at
the same level or one may be subordinate to another.
In these structures, coordinate clauses are mainly
joined by conjunctions such as and, as well as, or, but,
however, while subordinate clauses are connected
using subordinating conjunctions like because, if,
therefore, since, etc.
Therefore, O.A. Krylov rightly notes: "The actual
division of complex sentences is complex and
multifaceted,
revealing
the
hierarchical
communicative-syntactic structure of these sentences"
[2. 243). Multi-component compound sentences can
combine various semantic relations. For example, they
can
express
cause-and-effect,
circumstance,
comparison, explanation, time, and other spiritual
relations. Such sentences allow maintaining the
continuity of the text, expressing thoughts coherently
and clearly. Multicomponent compound sentences
expand the possibilities of language and increase the
stylistic richness of speech. It is widely used in scientific,
journalistic, official-administrative, and artistic styles.
In particular, it is used in scientific texts for the purpose
of orderly presentation of information, and in
journalistic writings for the purpose of increasing
effectiveness.
From the point of view of syntax and semantics, multi-
component mixed sentences are divided into several
types, and their interrelationships are formed with the
help of various conjunctions. This article analyzes the
grammatical structure of multi-component mixed
compound sentences, their semantic relationships, and
their functional significance.
1. Classification of Multi-Component Compound-
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
132
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
Complex Sentences
In Karakalpak, multi-component compound-complex
sentences are classified into several types based on
their syntactic structure and semantic connection. The
main types are as follows:
1.1. Multi-Component Compound-Complex Sentences
with Coordinated Connection
In such sentences, the components are of equal status
and do not dominate one another in terms of meaning.
They are primarily connected using coordinating
conjunctions such as and, or, but, however, as well as,
and others.
Example: Bilmedim, ya hámme tásilpaz bolıp baratır, ya
hámme ózinshe kúshli... (T.Q) (I don't know, either
everyone is becoming cunning, or everyone is strong in
their own way...) (T.Q)
1.2. Multi-component mixed sentences connected in a
subordinate relationship
In this type of compound sentences, one component is
subordinate to the other, that is, one sentence is
semantically and grammatically connected to another.
Example: Eki jigit ayrılıp kelip, biri Qumardıń atın
jetelep, ekinshisi qamshılap kóps
hilikten bólip jetti.
(T.Q) (Two young men separated, one leading Kumar's
horse, the other whipping it, and they joined the
crowd.) (T.Q)
1.3. Multi-component compound sentences of mixed
type
In such sentences, components of both equal and
subordinate relations participate.
Example: Eger Xiywalı mehman kewline awır almasa,
arıslan jep qoysa da, túlkiniń artına tıǵılmayıq, dep
edim. (T.Q) (If the Khivan guest doesn't take offense,
even if a lion eats it, let's not hide behind a fox, I
thought.) (T.Q)
2. Functional-semantic features. Multi-component
compound sentences are not divided into separate
groups according to their semantic connection, as one
explains the cause of the other, the second is
contrasted with the third, and can express the
condition of the fourth [3. 38]. Multi-component
compound sentences perform various functions in
speech. They serve such purposes as presenting several
pieces of information simultaneously, showing the
relationships between events, and increasing the logic
and expressiveness of speech.
2.1. Systematic transmission of information. Multi-
component complex sentences are used to present
information in a systematic and continuous form.
Example: Bir jıl, eki jıl mashın mineseń, sonnan soń
mashın saǵan minedi, sonı bilip qoy, onnan keyin onıń
balonına pul orap aydaysań. (T.Q) (You'll drive a car for
a year, two years, and then the car will drive you, and
then you'll roll up the money in its cylinder and drive.)
(T.Q)
2.2. Ensuring logical connection. Such sentences are
important in the formation of cause-orientation,
conditions, and other semantic relations.
Example: Buǵan múmkinshilik te joq edi, sebebi olarǵa
ashıq járdem bere almaydı, joqarıdaǵılar óz kúshi
menen kórinip kóshe almaydı. (T.Q) (There was no
opportunity for this, because they couldn't openly help
them, and those above couldn't move by their own
power.) (T.Q)
2.3.
Emotionality
and
expressiveness.
Multi-
component compound sentences are also widely used
to express emotions.
Example: Turımbet súzewik buǵaday jinkózlengen
eken, Sánem onnan qorqıp bir qısım boldı da, aqlıǵın
qushaqlawı menen qazan
-
tabaq turǵan quwısta tilsiz
qatıp qaldı. (T.Q) (Turimbet had slanted eyes like a
raging bull, and Sanam, terrified of him, shrank in fear.
Clutching her grandchild, she froze speechless in the
empty space filled with pots and pans.) (T.Q)
3. Semantic relations. Components within multi-
component compound sentences have different
semantic connections:
Causal relationship: Bas zootexnik birden ne derin
bilmey tıǵıldı, óytkeni direktor
hesh waqıtta oǵan
bunday soraw bermeytuǵın edi, sebebi ol sovxozda eń
shıǵındar bólim sharwashılıq bólimi ekenin jaqsı biledi.
(T.Q) (The chief zootechnician suddenly found himself
at a loss for words, not knowing what to say, because
the director had never asked him such a question
before. The director was well aware that the livestock
department was the most costly division on the state
farm.) (T.Q)
Causal relationship: Eger basshıda xalıqtıń jasırın sırı
bolsa, onday basshını xalıq quwıp jiberiwi lazım,
sebebi
basshının sırı xalqınıń sırı menen baylanısta bolıwı tiyis.
(T.Q) (If a leader has a secret of the people, then such a
leader should be expelled by the people, because the
secret of the leader should be connected with the
secret of the people.) (T.Q)
Purposeful relationship: Elge tártip bolǵanı ushın, pútkil
el Mamandı húrmetlegeni ushın, ilájsız kónlikkeni
bolmasa, onıń menen bir kálle kóriw nieti bárhá joldası.
(T.Q) (Because the people are in order, because the
whole nation respects Maman, if it's not for helpless
habit, the intention to see a head with him is always his
companion. (T.Q))
Multi-component compound sentences are the name
of a whole. Its size can range from three predicative
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
133
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
parts to a specific quantity. As V.G. Admoni wrote, "In
its seemingly infinite size, a complete statement can
have very large, even giant dimensions"[4.18]. Large
multi-component compound sentences are divided
into smaller components depending on the author's
purpose. Each of these structural units has a separate
communicative status.
Multi-component compound sentences can contain
sentences of different types in terms of structure. In
them, several simple sentences can be connected
equally or one can be subordinate to the other.
Consequently, multi-component mixed sentences are
of great importance not only as one of the important
means of complicating the grammatical structure of the
Karakalpak language, but also increasing its fluency and
possibilities. Through them, thoughts can be expressed
clearly, perfectly, and deeply. Therefore, such
sentences are widely used in various styles of language
and contribute to its development and research.
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