American Journal Of Philological Sciences
322
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
322-325
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue04-80
Characteristic and Descriptive Lyrics
Oripova Gulnozakhan Murodilovna
Doctor of Sciences in Philology, Associate professor, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan
Received:
28 February 2025;
Accepted:
29 March 2025;
Published:
30 April 2025
Abstract:
The article highlights the expansion of the possibilities of personified and descriptive lyrics in
contemporary Uzbek poetry, the use of archaisms in the speech of historical figures who have become lyrical
characters serves to reflect the color of the era. It is studied that the transformation of contemporary figures into
one of the subjects of poetry in poetry has achieved the reflection of the psychology of the individual and society
through various details within the dialogic aspects of the lyrical work. In the creation of descriptive lyrical samples,
it allowed the creators of the era to create a lyrical situation through landscape details in the composition of the
poem. It is based on the fact that the commonality of man and nature, the harmony of natural phenomena with
human emotions, serves to enrich and renew the content of our Uzbek lyrics.
Keywords:
Uzbek poetry, character lyrics, descriptive lyrics, lyrical character, archaism, period color, dialogue,
psychology of the individual and society, poetic composition, landscape details.
Introduction:
Literary studies is in common with such
sciences as psychology, philosophy, sociology, which
directly covers the concept of personality. That is why
character is one of the main concepts in the analysis of
a work of art. V.V.Dubrovskaya in her work "Literary
Studies: Poetic World" focused on the term character
and noted that a character (lat. Persona person) is a
person mentioned in the text, that is, an
anthropomorphic being [1, 5]. A character is a person
in the world of artistic creation. Therefore, "the main
aspects of each character can be distinguished: name,
appearance, speech [1, 19]"
As in epic and dramatic works, lyric works also involve
characters. Such poetic works are called character
lyrics. Characteristic lyrics differ from descriptive lyrics
according to their subjective formation. The Russian
scientist G.N.Pospelov, showing the specific features of
character lyrics, connects this type with epigrams
created by the ancient Greeks according to the
objective and subjective organization of poetry. He
explains the stage of formation of character lyrics with
the appearance of revolutionary-democratic Russian
poetry in 1860 [2, 150-157].
METHODS
Professor U. Hamdamov expresses the specific aspects
of character lyric, which is one of the forms of lyric that
differs in terms of subjective organization in 20th
century Uzbek poetry. It is based on the fact that the
burden of the lyrical subject, that is, the means of
expressing thoughts, is partly borne by the character,
and the character appears as one of the lyrical subjects
[3, 270]. So, in character lyrics, "another person
becomes one of the subjects of the poem, the lyrical
experience (thought, feeling) expressed in his language
acquires an independent ideological and artistic value,
in other words, poetry It is required to have a dialogic
(polyphonic) feature [4,224]. The roots of character
lyrics in Uzbek poetry go back to folklore examples.
Spoken folk songs have dialogic features, and these
songs are the first shoots of character lyrics. Lapars and
olans are usually performed in the form of dialogues.
For example, in the following poem, a girl and a boy
become lyrical subjects:
Girl:
The first head of Lapar is a marble stone,
The tears of the eye that wet the handkerchief.
My scarf is long, I have a porcelain cup in my hand,
When girls talk, guys listen.
Guy:
If you say a word, say it at a wedding
–
leech girls will run away.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
A nightingale opens an unopened flower.
O nightingale, how long do you walk, carving a
mountain and
a rock,
You drink hot and cold water and your heart burns.
In this part of our study, when thinking about "lyrical
character", it is necessary to pay special attention to
the term "lyrical hero". "The lyrical hero is one of the
subject forms in the lyrics, the form of expressing the
author's emotional experiences and thoughts...
perceived in connection with the poet's personality [4,
154-155]. "The lyrical character appears on the "stage"
of the poem as one of the lyrical subjects. If the lyrical
subject acquires generality, the lyrical "I", the hero of
the performing lyric, and the lyrical character are
private manifestations. Lyrical characters that have
become subjects in character lyrics can be classified as
follows: mythological characters; religious figures;
historical and contemporary characters; literary
characters.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In Abdulla Oripov's poem "Alisher and the student", the
historical character - minister archon Mir Alisher Navoi
wants to visit the cities of Herat and learn about the
pain of the nation and the condition of the widows. A
total citizen bows down to Hazrat. The poet's
presentation of the portrait lines typical of the
historical character who became the lyrical subject also
served to express the main aspects of the lyrical
character: " Alisher pays tribute to everyone, and
shows respect with a smile." Among the hundreds of
students who came out, Hazrat, who happened to care
for one student, got down from his horse and hugged
him. This situation surprised everyone.
Finally, one of my employees ran out of patience lol,
He asked Alisher a question.
Who was lucky at this time?
Tell me, who was that student?
He smiled thoughtfully, sir.
Answered slowly to my official:
I remember, when I was young, many years ago,
His father taught me a lesson ...
Through the behavior and speech of the lyrical
character in the poem (his answer to the official), the
reader will be able to see the human qualities
characteristic of Hazrat Alisher Navoi. The skill of the
poet is that the great Hazrat Mir Alisher used the
possibilities of character lyrics to create the image of
Navoi. At this point, it is worth noting that the
archaisms characteristic of the lexical level [5, 24] of the
artistic language ( arkoni state, takbir, kabir, ulus, amol,
sarboz, dastor,
bayan, mulozim) are a realistic description of the past
reality in the text of the poem. Its use served to reflect
the color of the time and to ensure the spirit of
historicity. The poem is written in the masnavi style,
and features characteristic of drama are also observed.
Professor Ulug'bek Hamdamov, while thinking about
character lyrics, interprets it as a literary phenomenon
related to the formation and development of theater
art.[3, 270] In fact, the poem gives the reader the
impression that it is being performed on stage. The
poet's poem "Pahlavon" was created under the
influence of hadiths, and the lyrical characters, that is,
religious characters, are three: His Holiness the
Prophet, Companions and Rasulullah. The poem is
polyphonic. Polyphonicity "indicates that the author is
in a dialogic position with respect to the characters,
that is, each of them has his own point of view about
the world, and each of these points of view lives
independently (in parallel with the author's point of
view, without being subordinated to it)" [4, 225]. The
poem begins with the following lines:
During a conversation, Hazrat Prophet
He suddenly asked a question.
They said: - Unless necessary
Who would you call a real wrestler?
In the next stanza of the poem, it is said that through
the speech of the Companions, the original wrestler will
be known when he wins on the battlefield, and in the
third concluding stanza of the poem, an emotional-
philosophical thought
prevails, and the thought expressed from the language
of the Prophet expresses the poet's poetic idea and
philosophical views:
Rasulullah said: - The world is old,
A person has different powers.
But a person who overcomes his anger
Real wrestlers live in the world [6, 213]
Abdulla Oripov's poem "Ezgulik" written under the
influence of hadiths is also an example of character
lyrics. The poem consists of three stanzas, a religious
character is also a lyrical subject, and the emotional and
philosophical pathos of the poem is revealed through
his speech: run away from li. The Abyssinian with a
head as black as a raisin also stands by him when he
does good deeds!
In Abdulla Oripov's poems "Millat" and "Belief"
belonging to the "Colors and Tones" series, a
contemporary character becomes one of the subjects
of the poem, and his speech acquires an independent
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
324
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
ideological and artistic value. For example, in the poem
"Millat" it is said that humanity is the offspring of the
earth and that the earth is the mother of all, and the
picture of the lyrical hero's unexpected meeting with
the enlightened Korean mother while traveling in a
foreign country is described as follows:
The old woman stared for a moment with narrowed
eyes,
He smiled and gestured at me:
–
It's not good that you forgot your language, my child.
The lyrical character in the poem - a portrait of a Korean
mother - is expressed in the style of "an old woman
with narrow eyes". By using the expression "narrow
eyes", the poet showed the image of the Korean nation
in our eyes. The lyrical experience expressed in the
Korean mother tongue gained ideological and artistic
value through the speech in the style of " You forgot
your own language, my child ". The poet describes
humanity through the simile "Humanity - the root is a
single maple". All the "countries and nations of the
world are bright leaves" and put forward universal
ideas. The poetic idea of the poet intersected at one
point with the Korean old woman's speech, which
served to increase the importance of the lyrical
character in the poem.
Erkin Vahidov's poem "Shum bola" written in 1991,
influenced by the works of Gafur Ghulam, has the
characteristic of dialogue. The poem begins with the
description of the "new-age Shum boy" going to the
"new-age Rich father" to look for a job, and is built on
the basis of his conversations.
So he said, serving, Put the matter in place
This is the new age To the New Age Wealth:
"I came to you again, Listen, Rich Dad. Sincerely serve
Get a job, Rich Dad."[7, 88]
In the course of the poem, the literary character of the
New Age Shum boy talks about his guilt, that is,
sometimes he tells the truth. And the rich man cannot
bear to hear the truth at all. Because an environment
steeped in lies does not obey the truth. That's why the
"new-age Rich Dad" chases away the "new-age Shum
Boy" who comes looking for a job. The rich father got
angry, He said, was my heart hard? I put up with your
lies Did you tell the truth? Go away, I'll hire you I will be
homesick. I survived your lies I will die from your truth!
[7, 89]
ᱸ
ˌˎˑ˓
In the poem, the characteristics of the rich father's
character are expressed through the line "Don't say
anything, listen, rich father." ” is reflected in the
expression. But now the Shum boy of the New Age also
says about his qualities: "I have returned from lies."
Erkin Vahidov describes the reality of the late 80s and
early 90s of the 20th century with light humor. The
poem belonging to this character lyric, expressing the
current issues of the time, served as a unique source of
influence in the renewal of our current lyric in terms of
meaning and form .
Usman Azim's poem beginning with "The rider returned
from the goat on foot" expresses the lyrical situation of
the rider who lost his horse:
The rider is the goat's foot,
–
Your colors are the same, tell me, what happened?
–
Mother, don't make my pain worse,
His mother died [8, 35].
The poem describes the mental states of a rider who
stumbles and is separated from his horse, which is
flying like the wind. In the last stanza, the wife's
whispered words to the rider who sighed at night, i.e.
the speech of a contemporary character, highlight the
ideological and artistic value of the poem:
The rider sighed... It was dawn,
The last stars were going down
His wife whispers: "Don't be sad,
We will buy you a horse and a house " ...
Usman Azim's poems in the series "Khamsaga tatabbu"
belong to character lyrics, and mostly literary
characters become one of the subjects of the poem.
Among them, the poem "Sab'ai Sayor" has a polyphonic
feature. Because the associative feelings and
experiences in the understanding of the world
expressed in the poem by seven tourist languages have
an ideological and aesthetic value based on emotional
considerations. The poem begins as follows: "A tourist
said, I saw the world, there is no lamentation except for
the song." In the next stanzas of the poem, the second
tourist hides the true beauty of the world, the third
tourist's step is the pleasure of the soul, the fourth
tourist's world consists of competition between
friends, and the fifth tourist's palm is filled with sand. ,
the sixth tourist says that the malak is picturesque, and
the seventh tourist says that it is an old building with a
human being inside. In the last stanza of the poem, the
philosophy of understanding the world is expressed in
an emotional way through the exclamation from the
invisible, and this is reflected in the form of a
concluding solution:
The missing person shouts: - Look carefully...
The world consists of life and death.
If we pay attention to the above characteristic lyrical
poems, we can mainly observe dialogic features in
them. In the poem "Sab'ai Sayyor", the thoughts of
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
325
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
seven travelers about the world are independently
intersected with the observations of the lyrical hero,
increasing the polyphonic feature and creating a basis
for expanding the possibilities of expression in
characterful lyrics.
Usman Azim's poem "Two Thousand Years Ago" written
in folk tones expresses a lyrical experience through the
dialogue of two lyrical characters - a lover and a lover:
- I don't have money, I don't have money,
I have only one salty job.
If I want to take you away,
There is neither Girot nor Chiborim.
Don't hold grudges!
What if you don't have money?
Don't you have any enthusiasm?
Salty, salty...[9, 56]
Ulugbek Hamdam's poem "It's snowing..." is also
created in the form of a narrative and reminds us of the
lapars of Uzbek folk art. In this poem, through the
dialogue of the lyrical characters between the boy and
the girl, the lyrical experience is combined with the
dramatic situation, giving the impression that it is being
performed on stage.
Boy: The snow is rolling down my path,
Put your hand on my hand...
Girl: Not snow, not snow from the sky,
A legend is pouring into my heart.
In the next stanzas of the poem, the lovers say "We will
go to death together!" and in the last stanza, the poet
goes on the "stage" and explains about their fate:
Poet: (They put hands on hands,
They fell to the roads...) [10, 55]
The parenthesis of a comment in a stanza by the poet
is reminiscent of a remarque (French comment). That's
right, "remarks in dramatic works are comments given
by the author before the beginning of the scene event
or during its passage in parentheses [4, 248]. " But
"currently, the comments given by the author during
the dialogues in epic works (regarding the tone of
voice, tone, tempo, pauses; facial expressions,
gestures, character's movements, etc.) are often
treated as remarks [4, 249]. " From this point of view,
the poet's comment in parentheses in the above poem
(the actions of the characters) can be taken as a
remark. Therefore, the phenomenon of syncretism
observed in character lyrics is a process related to the
expansion of expressive possibilities in the subjective
organization of contemporary Uzbek lyrics.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion is that in character lyrics, another
person becomes one of the subjects of the poem, and
the poem becomes dialogic or polyphonic. The lyrical
experience is expressed in the language of another
person and has an independent ideological and artistic
value. Although the epic element seems to prevail in
the descriptive lyric, lyrical meditation is the leader. In
the descriptive lyrical composition, the landscape
details serve to create a lyrical state and motivate the
experiences of the lyrical subject. Incidental lyrics are
also a type of descriptive lyrics along with landscape.
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-Media, 2016. - P.5,19.
ᱹ
2
Pospelov G.N. Lyrika sredi literaturnykh rodov.
ᱹ
-
Moscow: Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 1976.
- S.150-157.
ᱹ
Ulugbek Hamdam. New Uzbek poetry. - Tashkent:
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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ᱹ
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