Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
68
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article highlights the issues of the formation of the legal framework for gender equality in Uzbekistan,
psychological, pedagogical, sociological and material support of rural children as equal members of society, as well as
the problems of increasing the role of women in research work in the education system.
KEYWORDS
Gender equality, social protection, social activity of women, education, research work.
INTRODUCTION
Modern Uzbekistan, which has chosen a democratic
path of development, strives in all spheres of human
activity to integrate into the world community, the
main goal of which is to achieve sustainable
development in the economic, social and cultural
spheres of society. The most important factor in the
sustainable development of society is the quality of
human capital, the relevance of which increases in the
context
of
changing
technologies
and
the
development of civilization, where a characteristic
feature is the transition from power models to
cognitive, educational, and information models.
Ensuring sustainable development and improving the
quality of human capital is possible provided that
Research Article
THE ROLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN INCREASING THE ACTIVITY OF
WOMEN IN SCIENTIFIC WORK
Submission Date:
June 11, 2024,
Accepted Date:
June 16, 2024,
Published Date:
June 21, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue06-12
N.M. Urinova
Associate professor at FerSU, Uzbekistan
L.Yu.Abdukadirova
Teacher at FerSU, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
69
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
gender equality is achieved and conditions are created
for the development of both women and men. Gender
inequality slows down the socio-political development
of the country, civil society institutions, and local
government. Ineffective use of the potential of the
female half of the country's population, which does
not have equal opportunities with men in realizing
their life plans and tasks, leads to the maintenance of
tension at the level of interpersonal communication,
institutional relations and, in general, between citizens
and the state. Inequality between women and men is
also disadvantageous for the state and society in
economic terms, since it hinders the development of
human capital and makes projects for economic
development, eradication of poverty, and reduction of
unemployment ineffective.
Sustainable development of society requires an
increase in the number of highly educated specialists,
including scientists capable of making discoveries in
various fields of knowledge, since modern society,
both economically and socially, is increasingly
dependent on new scientific knowledge. The training
of such specialists and their effective self-realization
depends on a large number of different factors, the
main of which is providing both men and women with
equal
conditions
for
obtaining
higher
and
postgraduate education, as well as creating conditions
for active work in the field of science, technology,
innovation, and research . Women, along with men,
should have the same opportunities for self-realization
in the scientific field and contribute to the
development of society. Research shows that
countries and organizations that create favorable
conditions for women increase their innovative
potential and competitiveness. Science will benefit
from the creativity and interaction of different
perspectives and experiences that the two sexes can
bring, gender equality stimulates new solutions and
expands the scope of research.
The UN Commission on the Status of Women notes
that quality education and comprehensive and equal
access to educational and scientific technical fields for
women of all ages and their participation in these fields
are a necessary condition for ensuring gender equality
and the empowerment of women, and are also an
economic necessity and provide women with the
knowledge, opportunities, abilities, skills, ethical
values and understanding necessary to improve
lifelong learning, expand employment, improve
physical and mental health, including the prevention
and control of maternal mortality, HIV and AIDS, other
infectious and noncommunicable diseases, and full
participation in social, economic and political life.
In this regard, Uzbekistan has committed itself to the
universal elimination of all forms of discrimination
against all women and girls, ensuring the full and
effective participation of women and equal
opportunities for them to lead at all levels of decision-
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
70
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
making in political, economic and public life. After all,
women make up almost half of the country's
population - 17 million.
The government and public of Uzbekistan understand
this issue and strive to ensure gender equality in all
spheres of society. From the first days of her coming to
power, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.
Mirziyoyeva brought gender issues to the forefront.
The decisions made were clearly reflected in the words
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat
Mirziyoyev at the ceremony dedicated to International
Women’s Day: “We understand well that in a society
where the rights and interests of women are ensured,
peace, justice and prosperity will certainly reign. If a
woman is happy, the family and society are happy” [3].
Over the past four years, 2 laws, a number of decrees
and presidential resolutions have been adopted on
issues of ensuring gender equality. A new Committee
on Women and Gender Equality has been created
within the structure of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis,
which is engaged in the implementation of
international standards to ensure women’s rights and
the eradication of all forms of discrimination into
national legislation. In order to further strengthen
guarantees of labor rights and support, providing
assistance to victims of domestic violence, new
structures have been created, such as the Republican
Center for Rehabilitation and Adaptation of Persons
Victims of Violence and Suicide Prevention; Center for
Women's Entrepreneurship and Scientific and Practical
Research Center "Oila" under the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this regard, on
September 2, 2019, two laws were adopted: the Law of
the Republic of
Uzbekistan “On the Protection of
Women from Oppression and Violence” No. ZRU
-561
[1], the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On
Guarantees of Equal Rights and Opportunities for
Women and Men” No. ZRU
- 562 [2].
Thanks to government measures, currently about 1.4
thousand women occupy leadership positions at the
republican and regional levels, and more than 43
thousand at the district and city levels. Great
opportunities have been created for girls to receive a
quality education, acquire a profession and work. It is
necessary to especially note such positive changes in
the field of higher education, starting in 2017, such as
the opening of correspondence departments in
various specialties in most higher educational
institutions. This form of education gives young
women the opportunity to receive higher education
and care for children and fulfill other family obligations.
Among students studying in higher education, girls
make up 38.2%, and men
–
61.8%. According to the
procedure introduced last year, 950 girls in need of
social protection were enrolled in higher educational
institutions on the basis of a state grant, in accordance
with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On approval of the regulation
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
71
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
on the procedure for recommending women to
participate in the competition and organizing their
admission to higher education institutions within the
limits of admission rates on the basis of additional state
grants” dated June 23, 2020 No. 402[4].
In order to further ensure the active participation of
women in the life of society, on 03/05/2021, the
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the
system of support and ensure the active participation
of women in the life of society” No.
PP-5020 was
adopted[5]. According to the resolution, it is envisaged
to “widely involve women in scientific activities,
support their software developments based on
modern information and communication technologies,
innovative and business ideas, inventive and
rationalization activities,” as well as “Increase by at
least 20 percent the proportion of women among
fellows who successfully complete the degree
Bachelor's
degrees
from
higher
educational
institutions of the republic sent to study at prestigious
foreign educational, scientific or other institutions on
the basis of scholarships from the El-Yurt Umidi
Foundation.
Despite the positive changes in the field of gender
policy in Uzbekistan, much work needs to be done to
ensure gender equality in the activities of higher
educational institutions. Thus, an analysis of the
personnel composition of universities in the Fergana
Valley such as Andijan State University, Namangan
State University, Fergana State University shows that
top management positions are mainly occupied by
men, and women are represented in most cases in the
positions of teachers, senior lecturers, and associate
professors. Among women there are heads of
departments and one dean (FSU). However, the areas
of their activity are of a traditional nature: pedagogy,
preschool
education,
philology,
social
work,
philosophy, i.e. humanitarian disciplines.
Higher positions are occupied by specialists with a high
level of competence, and since there are more of them
among men, they are given managerial positions more
often. Thus, at Andijan State University, out of 817
members of the teaching staff, 238 people (29%) have
a scientific degree, of which 20.6% are women.
In the staff of Namangan State University, 35% of the
total number are women, but if we analyze the student
div, then girls make up 60% of the total number of
students. Only 10.1% of female representatives have a
scientific degree.
At Fergana State University, more than 800 people are
currently carrying out their scientific and pedagogical
activities, of this number of scientific and pedagogical
personnel, women teachers make up 60%, 211 people
have a scientific degree, which is 27% of the total
number of working teachers. Among those who
graduated, 68 were women (32.2%). Of these, 3 are
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
72
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
doctors of science, 65 candidates of science and
doctors of philosophy (PhD). A similar picture is
observed in other universities of Uzbekistan.
As can be seen from the data presented, a lot of work
remains to be done to create conditions to ensure
gender equality and eliminate the gender imbalance in
the scientific and pedagogical sphere. To solve these
problems, a Research Center on Gender Equality was
created at Fergana State University.
The main goal of the Center for Research on Gender
Equality at FSU is to help increase the number of
women among the university’s scientific and teaching
staff by creating conditions for the development of
leadership qualities, increasing the social activity of
female students, and involving them in research
activities. The activities of the Center for Research on
Gender Equality involve female scientists from the
Federal State University of various scientific fields:
pedagogy,
philology,
psychology,
economics,
computer science, social work, etc., who, within the
framework of their specialty, carry out activities to
work with female students to develop their ideas
about gender equality, preparing them for scientific
work, conducting gender research. The Center’s
specialists are working to organize events for effective
social protection, provide psychological support, and
develop the leadership skills and abilities of girls from
vulnerable segments of the population, those who
have become victims of domestic violence, as well as
students with children.
Currently, branches of Andijan and Namangan State
Universities carry out their activities under the Center
for State Geology.
Work to ensure gender equality at the university has
just begun. Initial research carried out within the
framework of the Center for Research on Gender
Equality of the Federal State University made it
possible to discover a number of problems of a gender
nature not only at the Federal State University, but also
in other universities of Uzbekistan, the solution of
which will help ensure gender equality, namely:
•
lack of educational courses and topics on gender
issues in the disciplines studied;
• a very limited amount of scientific and
methodological literature on gender issues in the
library in the Uzbek language;
• the absence of a gender
-oriented journal in the list of
peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications of
the Higher Attestation Commission, in which the main
scientific results of dissertations for the academic
degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences are
published;
• lack of professional comm
unities and constant
exchange of information on gender issues.
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
73
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
• lack of structural units for gender studies in modern
universities;
• poor understanding of the teaching staff about
gender issues;
• poor training of specialists to provide psychological
support, conduct seminars and trainings on gender
equality issues among teachers and students;
• poor methodological training of specialists in
providing social support to students from vulnerable
segments of the population, those who have become
victims of domestic violence, as well as students with
children.
It should be noted that the range of identified
problems is very wide. They are of a different nature
and require scientific, methodological, pedagogical
and psychological training, and financial support. We
hope that cooperation with leading foreign universities
will help us gain invaluable experience and achieve
high results for the benefit of everyone, because no
matter where a scientist is from and no matter what
gender he belongs to, his scientific research improves
the quality of life of everyone, regardless of place of
residence and type of activity. It is necessary to find
and create conditions for the development of talents,
among which there will be no less women than men,
without a doubt.
In this regard, I would like to formulate a number of
recommendations to improve the situation in the field
of gender equality in universities of Uzbekistan:
1) development and teaching in universities of special
training courses on gender topics (mainly socio-
humanitarian block: gender psychology, gender
sociology, gender political science, gender history,
gender linguistics, etc.) and interdisciplinary courses
on the basics of gender knowledge, both at the level
bachelor's and master's degrees;
2) inclusion of certain topics on gender issues in
traditional disciplines;
3) gender education of all participants in the
educational process (trainings, preparation of
information, didactic materials, etc.);
4) development of educational and methodological
support for gender courses;
5) completion of coursework and diploma works by
students on gender topics.
6) inclusion of a gender-oriented journal in the List of
peer-reviewed scientific journals and publications of
the Higher Attestation Commission of Uzbekistan, in
which the main scientific results of dissertations for the
academic degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences
are published;
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
74
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
7) advanced training of scientific supervisors of
students, masters, and doctoral students on the
scientific foundations of gender equality in order to
increase the quantity and quality of research on this
topic;
8) creation of an electronic platform for the exchange
of information on gender issues between professional
communities of universities in Uzbekistan and foreign
colleagues.
Thus, a higher degree of gender equality will contribute
to economic efficiency and increase productivity,
which is especially important in the context of
intensifying international competition and increasing
globalization. Thus, the implementation of social policy
measures to support women in science will ensure
gender equality not only in the near future, but also in
the long term.
Gender theories of occupational segregation support
the view that when a woman acts as a researcher, she
can rethink conventional theories and methods, which
allows for a new appreciation of the subject of
research.
Psychologists,
after
analyzing
the
characteristics of the functioning of the brain of
representatives of both sexes, became clear that full-
fledged scientific research requires the cooperation of
men and women. Therefore, the task of the gender
policy of a democratic state is to overcome such
contradictions: not to achieve a purely quantitative
balance of women and men in certain positions or in
certain professions, but to ensure truly equal rights and
opportunities for every person, based on his abilities,
aspirations, skills, and not on gender.
REFERENCES
1.
Закон «О защите женщин от притеснения и
насилия».
№ЗРУ
-
561
от
02.09.2019
г.
https://www.lex.uz/docs/4494712
2.
Закон
«О
гарантиях
равных
прав
и
возможностей для женщин и мужчин». №ЗРУ
-
562 от 02.09.2019 г. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4494873
3.
Речь
Президента
Республики
Узбекистан
Шавката
Мирзиёева
на
торжественной
церемонии, посвященной Международному
женскому
дню.
06.03.2021
г.
https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/4212
4.
Постановление
Кабинета
Министров
Республики Узбекистан “Об утверждении
положения о порядке рекомендации женщинам
к участию в конкурсе и
организации их приема в
высшие
учебные
заведения
в
пределах
показателей приема на основе дополнительных
государственных грантов” от 23 июня 2020 г. №
402.
5.
Постановление
Президента
Республики
Узбекистан Ш. Мирзиёева “О мерах по
дальнейшему
совершенствованию
системы
поддержки и обеспечения активного участия
Volume 04 Issue 06-2024
75
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
06
P
AGES
:
68-75
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
женщин в жизни общества“. №ПП
-5020
05.03.2021 г. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/5320584
6.
Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан “Об
утверждении концепции развития науки до 2030
года”.
№УП
-
6097
от
29.10.2020
Г.
https://lex.uz/docs/5073449
7.
Гендерная статистика Республики Узбекистан.
https://gender.stat.uz/ru/osnovnye-
pokazateli/obrazovanie/doktorantura/1143-
chislennost-priem-i-vypusk-starshikh-nauchnykh-
sotrudnikov-soiskatelej-po-polu
8.
9.Бурова,
С.Н.
Гендерные стереотипы
в
университетской среде Минска / С.Н. Бурова. –
Минск: Юнипак, 2014. –
28 с.
9.
10. Гриненко С.В. Гендерная ассиметрия в
образовании
//
Современные
научные
исследования и инновации. 2014. № 12. Ч. 3
[Электронный
ресурс].
URL:
https://web.snau
ka.ru/issues/2014/12/41818 (дата
обращения: 23.04.2021).
10.
11. Ильин, Е.П. Пол и гендер. / Е.П. Ильин –
СПб.:
Питер, 2010. –
686 с.
11.
12. Хасбулатова О. А. Гендерная политика в
сфере высшего образования в условиях
социальных трансформаций // Женщина в
российском обществе. 2002. № 2—3. С. 3—
7.
12.
13. София Хьюэр. Сокращается ли гендерное
неравенство в области науки и техники?
Электронный ресурс. UNESCO science report:
towards
2030;
2015.
sr15_is_the_gender_gap_narrowing_in_science_a
nd_engineering_ru.pdf. en.unesco.org
13.
2020 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES.
Copyright @ 2020 By the United Nations
Development Programme 1 UN Plaza, New York,
NY 10017 USA. http://hdr.undp.o
