Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
40
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
40-45
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
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164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
A person’s orientation to professional development is manifested primarily in interests related to cognitive activity
and the development of professional skills. It is also important that personal characteristics match the type of activity
that the young person is interested in under the influence of various social and cultural factors. In the process of
professional education, which is an important condition for professional success in the future, in order to successfully
acquire professional knowledge and skills, it is necessary to create conditions to provide the opportunity for a person
to change his choice and character traits in stages. The article describes the psychological aspects of the phenomenon
of professional orientation in the system of personal needs.
KEYWORDS
Personality, personality orientation, activity, motivation, behavior, individual-psychological characteristics, value
orientations.
INTRODUCTION
Individuals’ life plans and value orientations can be
negatively affected by certain uncertainty of life
perspectives (as a holistic picture of future events that
are socially significant and related to the individual
meaning of life) and its connection with individual
characteristics in the process of professional self-
Research Article
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PHENOMENON OF PROFESSIONAL
ORIENTATION IN THE SYSTEM OF PERSONAL NEEDS
Submission Date:
January 01, 2024,
Accepted Date:
January 05, 2024,
Published Date:
January 09, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue01-06
Qoryogdiyev Sherzod Shukhrat Ogli
First Year Student Of
Master’s
Degree In Psychology (By Types Of Activity) University Of Public Safety Of The
Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
41
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
01
P
AGES
:
40-45
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
determination. Thus, M.R. Ginzburg considers the
problem of self-determination from the point of view
of time: the attitude of the individual to his
psychological present and psychological future.
According to him, successful self-determination is
characterized by:
1) the presence of psychological current components
that perform the function of self-development (self-
knowledge and self-awareness), including:
• the formed value
-semantic core (a wide range of
important personal positive values, the experience of
meaningfulness of one's life, existential direction);
• self
-realization, which should be creative in nature
and have a wide scope;
2) the presence of components of the psychological
future that provide semantic and time perspective,
including:
• a personal projection of the future, the young person
relies mainly on his strengths and sees a wide range of
future values as emotionally attractive. Choosing a
profession (its stability, certainty in a certain
profession, the presence of professional requirements
for the profession) significantly characterizes the
semantic future and the success of self-determination
in adolescence;
• planning itself is primarily characterized by
a positive
attitude towards planning and the existence of plans,
ways of achieving goals and continuity over time [2].
The author writes about the incorporation of
professional
self-determination
into
personal,
connected
value-semantic
and
spatio-temporal
aspects, which leads to the problem of the future, the
idea of which cannot be realized without making a life
plan.
According to I.S. Kohn, a life plan, in the strict sense of
the word, appears when the topic of reflection
becomes not only the final result, but also the ways to
achieve it, the path that a person intends to go,
objectives and goals. For this, he needs the subjective
resources he has [1]. The concept of “personal
orientation” introduced by S.L. Rubinstein was
developed, first of all, in the definition of different
orientations. In particular, personal, collectivist,
business, humanistic, egoistic, depressive and suicidal
directions
are
presented
and
described
in
psychological literature. Studying the professional
direction of a person has a special place. Vocational
orientation means, first of all, a set of motivational
formations (interests, needs, inclinations, aspirations,
etc.) related to a person's professional activity and, in
particular, the choice of a profession, affecting the
desire to work in it, and satisfaction with professional
activity. Vocational orientation is a comprehensive
education, which is characterized by a subject of
professional orientation, which is a preferred
profession (type of activity); types of motives of
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
42
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
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SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
professional activity; the strength (level) of orientation
manifested at the level of expressing the desire to
acquire a profession and work in it; it is expressed as a
sign expressed in a person's satisfaction or
dissatisfaction with his profession [3].
Orientation is the most important feature that
expresses the dynamics of development of a person as
a social and spiritual being, the main trends of his
behavior. Personality orientation is the leading
psychological characteristic of a person, which
represents his motivation system for life and activity.
No matter how different the interpretation of
personality in psychology is, almost all researchers
believe that the leading component of the personality
structure, its system-forming feature, is the orientation
of the personality. It is in this characteristic that the
goals acting on behalf of a person, his motives, and
subjective attitudes to various aspects of reality are
expressed.
Orientation affects not only components of the
personality structure (for example, the manifestation
of temperament or the development of abilities), but
also intellectual states (for example, coping with
stress). Orientation takes various forms - value
directions, likes or dislikes, tastes, inclinations,
associations, and manifests itself in various spheres of
human life: professional, family, political, etc. It is in this
direction that the goals acting on behalf of a person,
his motives, subjective relations to various aspects of
reality, that is, the whole system of characteristics, are
expressed. In general, in psychology, the orientation of
a person is defined as a system of stable needs,
interests, and ideals. Orientation defines the basic
tendencies of behavior. A person with a clear positive
orientation is hardworking, purposeful and highly
socially active [4].
Despite the differences in the interpretation of
personality, all approaches emphasize its orientation
as a leading characteristic. In different concepts, this
feature is manifested in different ways: "dynamic
tendency"
(S.L.
Rubinstein),
"meaning-creating
motive" (A.N. Leontev), "dominant attitude" (V.N.
Myasishev), "main life direction" (B.G. Ananyev). , "a
dynamic union of human vital forces" (A.S.
Prangishvili).
Thus,
orientation
is
a
general
characteristic of a person and determines his
psychological structure. A set of stable motives that
control the activity of a person and are relatively
independent of given situations is called a person's
orientation. It is always socially determined and
formed through education [5].
The main role of personality orientation belongs to
conscious motives. The task of the motive is to give
direction to the activity being performed. It is not
enough to just start the activity and constantly "feed".
It should be implemented. Another task of the motive
is to form meaning, with the help of which the concept
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of motive reaches the personal level. The meaning is
the answer to the question: why? Why does a person
need an object of his needs and activities? Man is a
meaning-oriented creature. If there is no credible
personal meaning, then a motivating motive will not
work. No activity occurs and an unfulfilled motive
remains. It should be noted that the need-motivation
field partially describes the orientation of a person, it is
its basis. Life goals of a person are formed on this basis.
Taking this into account, it is necessary to distinguish
between the purpose of activity and the purpose of
life. A person performs many different activities during
his life, each of them fulfills his purpose. A life goal
functions as a combination of all personal goals related
to an individual's activities. A person's level of
achievement is related to life goals. Understanding not
only the goal, but also the reality is viewed by a person
as a personal perspective.
Frustration is the state of disappointment, depression,
which is opposite to the experiences of a person who
is aware of the prospect. This happens when a person
faces insurmountable obstacles or barriers on the way
to achieving a goal, or they are perceived as such. A
person's orientation is a set of stable motives, views,
beliefs, needs and aspirations that direct a person to
certain behaviors and activities, to achieve relatively
complex life goals.
Orientation is always socially determined, formed in
the process of education and upbringing, manifested
as a personal characteristic, manifested in ideological,
professional direction, activities related to personal
hobbies, doing something in free time from the main
activity (fishing, knitting, photography). will be.
Orientation in all types of personal activity is reflected
in the characteristics of personal interests. Personal
needs as a complex mental characteristic occupy a
central place in the system of a person's orientation
and play a leading role, including in the system of
motives that determine the activity of a person and the
choice of his attitude to reality. The system of personal
orientation includes the following main elements
(components): value-semantic formation and claims
based on the assessment of the person's own
capabilities and status, expectations of certain results
of his actions, behavior, attitude of others towards
him; and others. A person's aspirations or need for
status is an integral form of expression of values, the
level and nature of a person's self-esteem; These are
claims to occupy a certain place in the system of
professional and other social and interpersonal
relations, to achieve success in actions, work, to a
certain place in life, etc. Self-esteem is one of the main
personal formations [6].
The needs of a person depend on objective conditions,
objects of human needs, as well as his semantic and
value formation system, aspirations and other personal
characteristics. The emergence of certain needs in a
person determines the emergence of motives for
Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
setting appropriate goals and their implementation.
Human needs perform two main functions - goal
setting and motivation. The first is determined by the
system of semantic formations, and the second by the
system of value formation of a person [7]. Depending
on the sphere of personality manifestation, there are
types of personal orientation, such as professional,
moral, political, everyday, etc., for example, creativity,
sports activities, etc.
Personality orientation is characterized by:
• level of maturity
- the main aspirations of a person,
his moral character, ideological position and the level
of social importance of others;
• breadth
- the range of areas of manifestation of
individual aspirations;
• intensity
- the strength of a person's aspirations to
achieve their goals;
• hierarchy of types of direction of a certain person
(leading types, main, dominant, etc.) [8].
Even Charles Darwin recognized that certain human
reactions and actions are based on innate mechanisms,
and at the same time emphasized that most of human
behavior is determined by social norms. For example,
innate reactions that can lead to physiological effects,
such as the experience of fear, the desire to avoid
danger or the desire to protect oneself, can be
restrained and controlled by the human mind.
Furthermore, medical research shows that these
feelings can be weakened or enhanced by drugs, so
they are not fatally locked into the psyche's innate
mechanisms. Moreover, not everything that is
characteristic of human behavior is innate, and not
everything that is innate is unique to humans. Thus, the
experiences and feelings caused by external and
internal causes are usually manifested in a person in
the form accepted in the culture to which he belongs.
In various scientific approaches to personality,
orientation is emphasized as a leading feature,
although it is interpreted differently: as a dynamic
tendency (S.L. Rubinstein), as a meaning-creating
motive (A.N. Leontev), as a dominant attitude (V.N.
Myasishev) as the main life direction (A.S. Prangishvili)
[9].
As mentioned above, motives can be more or less
conscious or completely unconscious. The main role in
personality orientation belongs to conscious motives.
A person's orientation is always socially determined
and formed through education. Personality orientation
is a person's personal sense of purpose determined by
a system of motives, a set of motives that determine
the person's activities and behavior.
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Volume 04 Issue 01-2024
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
6.
015
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(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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