Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
60
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
60-67
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Adaptation of employees in an organization is an important part of the human resource management system. At the
beginning of their working life, an employee inevitably faces a large number of difficulties, the bulk of which arise due
to the lack of information about the work procedure, criteria for evaluating work, the peculiarities of relationships
between colleagues, etc. In addition, when getting job , an employee need to accept the organizational requirements
imposed by the organization, reconsider his views and habits, correlating them with the norms and rules of conduct
accepted in the organization, traditions and values. The article presents an analysis of empirical data which is supposed
to show identifying the socio-psychological features of women's adaptation to public service.
KEYWORDS
Adaptation, escapism, stress, disadaptation, colleague relationships, efficiency.
INTRODUCTION
The position of women in society always attracts the
attention of the scientific community. Intense debates
about the position and role of women in modern
society mainly center around two ideologies:
patriarchal and egalitarian. Proponents of the first
claim that
the world is based on “natural foundations.”
Their destruction leads to the destruction of society.
“Natural basis” means the distribution of functions in
the family and society. At the same time, the famous
thesis put forward about a woman as a mother, a
housewife, a guardian of a fortress, from which it
follows that the house is a woman’s world. A man is a
Research Article
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WOMEN'S ADAPTATION TO
PUBLIC SERVICE
Submission Date:
September 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
September 23, 2023,
Published Date:
September 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue09-10
Makhkamova Dilfuza Bakhtiyarovna
Head Of The Department Of Work With Employees Of The State Service Development Agency Under The
President Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
61
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
60-67
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
breadwinner, a public figure who connects the family
with society. They consider this distribution of
functions to be natural, since differences by gender are
more important than individual, personal differences
[8].
This is the main evidence that the involvement of
women in social production for the sake of patriarchal
ideology has already led to negative consequences in
the family, the destruction of the maternal instinct, a
decline in morality, and moral immorality. The main
part of the supporters of this ideology are the male
part of the population. Men often mask their
conservatism in assessing women's issues with
imaginary concern for women, ignoring social
inequality. One of the most important tasks of
employers in modern personnel management practice
is the selection of employees of the organization with
adaptation for the most effective inclusion in the team.
The problem of adaptation to a new workplace is also
relevant for the person himself, and is characterized by
the fact that each person is faced with the need to
work and join a new team. Proponents of egalitarian
ideology criticize the patriarchal point of view, calling
the “natural” distrib
ution of functions a social illusion
created by created social conditions.
Equality of roles is based on the personal
complementarity of women and men in the family and
society. The main thesis supported by the supporters
of this ideology is the following: nature has assigned
only the function of birth to women, everything else
should be done by both women and men, and
everyone should have a free choice [5].
Studying the place and role of women in society is
especially important at the stage of formation and
development of a society with new socio-economic
relations. For a long time there were no problems with
the status of women in society.
However, today's global crisis has primarily affected
women and families. Thus, there has been a clear
tendency towards the separation of the two labor
markets, with women moving to a second, less socially
prestigious place in production. The process of
feminization of poverty continues with the
predominance of women among the low-paid,
unemployed, and low-income. According to research
conducted by scientists, the main status positions of
women, determined by a number of indicators, are
briefly described. The main ones are: administrative
and political power; size and nature of property (goods
or capital, i.e. economic power); size and nature of
income; moral reward, reputation, influence (spiritual
strength); working conditions; prospects for upward
social mobility; free time.
From the above classification it becomes clear that the
gender aspect of human rights and freedoms should
be considered as the basis of the activities of society. It
is impossible to talk about the real development of
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
62
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
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:
60-67
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
humanity without taking into account the gender
factor. Moreover, in almost all countries women take
half or even the majority of the population.
At the same time, today they are deprived of many
opportunities in economic and political life compared
to men. Gender inequality persists in society due to
stereotypical views of men and women. Despite the
ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination against Women in many
countries around the world, in reality, women's rights
are constantly violated in society, in the family and at
work. Violations of gender rights take many forms,
ranging from direct violations of equal rights, such as
hiring and firing, to the creation of specific barriers to
women's rights.
The situation with women's rights has worsened,
especially during the period of ongoing socio-
economic changes in society, when negative trends in
their obvious inequality compared to men appeared:
-
in politics: exclusion of women from the structures
of legislative and executive power;
-
in the economy: increased discrimination in wages,
as well as in hiring and firing;
-
in culture and the media: strengthening patriarchal
relations between the sexes based on the ideology
of a woman’s “natural destiny”, on the one hand,
the traditional attitude to their responsibilities, on
the one hand, the mass exploitation of sexuality,
on the other hand, to the commercialization of the
female div [1 ].
The weak competitive position of women is reflected
not only in employment characteristics, but also in
unemployment. Women are the first to suffer when
laid off, so the risk of job loss is a serious problem for
them. Most working women are afraid of losing their
jobs, and almost half are not even sure that they will be
able to find a job worse than the one they already have.
At the same time, the level of fear of losing a job and
confidence in employment opportunities depend on
the woman’s age and her education. Work
-related
fears peak at retirement age. One of the factors that
supports women's competitiveness in the labor
market is the low cost of women's labor. In the
context of the transition to a market that is
fundamentally different from the historical norms of
labor behavior and relations, women are less ready for
free and proactive activity than men. Women are
forced not only to massively change their social and
professional status, but in many cases to reduce it,
become unemployed, and then retrain for forms of
work that do not require either education or
accumulated professional knowledge [7].
As we mentioned above, the success (failure) of female
adaptation depends on many factors and, in particular,
on social status, which is an integral indicator of a
woman’s position in society.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
63
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
60-67
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Socio-psychological adaptation and sustainability in
production activities are becoming relevant as one of
the factors for successful adaptation in production
activities. Socio-psychological adaptation of a person
to production activity is an adaptation to the
immediate social environment in the team, to the
traditions and unspoken norms of the team, to the
work style of managers, to the peculiarities of
interpersonal relationships that develop in the team.
This means that the employee is included in the team
as an equal, accepted by all its members.
Currently, the management of any organization is
constantly faced with the need to create an effective
adaptation system, including the development of a set
of measures that will allow an enterprise employee to
successfully enter a new position with minimal losses
[6].
Professional adaptation is the complete and successful
occupation of a profession, that is, getting used to the
profession, adapting to the content and nature of
work, its conditions and organization. This is expressed
in the acquisition of professional knowledge and skills,
to a certain degree of qualification, as well as in the
correspondence of a person’s character to
professional characteristics.
When hiring, it is important to know that the employee
has the necessary professional skills. But for
completely
successful
professional
adaptation,
stability of work at the enterprise is a condition for its
high-quality implementation, as well as general social
stability in society and the state. Adaptation (117.62),
maladaptation (80.20), lies (20.76), deception (13.14),
self-acceptance (34.10), non-acceptance of oneself
(23.21), acceptance of others (16.53 ), rejection of
others (17.49), emotional comfort (22.37), emotional
discomfort (21.66), internal control (47.03), external
control (32.55), In terms of control (11.07) , control
(18.40), escapism (15.52), the indicators corresponded
to the specified standards in the questionnaire were
recorded.
For example, on the escapism scale, the norm was
determined by the author to be within 10-20 points,
and in the results obtained for women it was 15.52. It
was determined that the average indicators of all
scales correspond to the established standards of the
methodology. It can be seen from this that the degree
of formation in women of characteristics reflecting
social fitness is reflected in the gold standard. The
aspect that attracted our attention are the results
recorded in the adaptation and maladaptation scale,
the norm for which is defined within the range of 68-
170 points. For women, this average was 117.62 and
80.20, respectively, and for subjects who scored the
maximum points, 202 and 178 points were observed.
From this we can conclude that both adaptation and
maladaptation can occur at the highest speed in
development in women. For some women, the
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
64
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
60-67
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
indicators of adaptation and maladjustment are at
least 50 and 36 points, which means there are subjects
with low scores on this scale.
This method, designed to determine the level of a
person's adaptability to a new social environment, is a
very old method developed by Carl Rogers, one of the
founders of humanistic psychology.
He identifies a person’s level of adaptation in the social
sphere and proposes a number of different situations
as the basis for maladjustment: low level of self-
acceptance; low level of acceptance of others, i.e.
confrontation with them; emotional discomfort, which
can be of a very different nature; strong dependence
on others, i.e. externality; desire for dominance, etc.
According to the descriptive data of the adaptation
scale of this technique, the average value of the
indicator was 117.2. From this it is clear (E = -1.208) that
adaptive complexes do not acquire complex
differentiation from the point of view of organization
in the process of a woman’s entry into a new
environment. Like all women, it has been noted that
flexibility is one of the foundations of professional
activity.
In the professional activities of women, such adaptive
indicators as control, self-acceptance, internal control,
deception, emotional comfort serve to apply a clear
phenomenological approach to their positive
adaptation; on the contrary, maladaptive motives such
as deception, external control contribute to the
formation of control, emotional discomfort, non-
acceptance of oneself, escapism, etc.
Based on the results of a study conducted in Russia, it
is possible to distinguish typological groups according
to the situation of women in the field of employment
and according to the criterion of social adaptation to
the conditions of the free labor market. The group of
respondents adapting to dynamic and new economic
conditions in changing work behavior is less than 21%.
In terms of their social status, these are, first of all,
business women and representatives of the
intelligentsia. The same number of female respondents
can be classified as an indifferent group, in which
female entrepreneurs make up about 24%. More than
half of all respondents (about 60%) are pessimists.
Frustration
—
the threat of unemployment and job
loss
—
creates tension and anxiety. In terms of socio-
demographic composition, this group consists mainly
of office workers, engineering and technical specialists
and the unemployed themselves.
Depressive mood also occurs among businesswomen,
although half as much; this is not due to
unemployment, but to an unstable economic situation
and increased risk in the field of entrepreneurial
activity [2].
These data indicate that women engaged in
entrepreneurial activities are better adapted to new
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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SJIF
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
economic conditions. However, in the psychology of
women, in addition to the subjective conditions that
determine their inclination and ability to do business,
there are also objective conditions that impede the
development of women's entrepreneurship, which, as
we indicated above, are associated with the position of
women in society in the sphere of labor, especially
during the transition to market relations.
We can say that women are psychologically less
inclined to work than men, since the leading
characteristics of women’s work are independence,
innovation and willingness to take risks. Another
important factor hindering the effectiveness of
women’s social adaptation is the role conflict of
working women. Role conflict is a situation in which a
person with a certain status experiences incompatible
role expectations and is unable to fulfill role
requirements. Role conflicts for a working woman
arise due to the large number of roles in which she
participates (the roles of the family and professional
spheres).
According to some researchers (Yu.A. Aleshina, E.V.
Lektorskaya, Z.A. Khotkina), this may be caused by
unreasonably high demands and role standards
imposed by the woman herself [3] reduces the time of
self-realization of a woman in the family, which is often
leads to excessive tension and conflict load of the role.
A woman’s professional activity is often associated
with the need to provide an average standard of living
for her family. Juggling work and family as a major
cause of role strain is a fact that cannot be ignored.
The crisis of adaptation is the failure of production
models of socio-economic activity based on
professionalism and competence, and conversely, the
success of semi-criminal activities not only slows down
social dynamics, but also threatens social stability.
According to the research of E.N. Smetanin, there are
three levels of women’s adaptation to economic
conditions. Women with a high level of adaptation see
reforms as necessary and beneficial. Their personal
affairs are developing well in today's conditions. They
have benefited a lot from the reforms. As a result, they
experience a state of psychological comfort and
continue their work stably.
Due to difficulties, they are characterized by anxiety
and emotional instability. But their criticality reflects an
average standard. Unlike women with a low level of
adaptation, they have a more optimistic outlook on life
and note positive changes along with difficulties. The
emotional background of life of representatives of this
group will be at a more favorable stage of
development. The highest level of labor activity,
orientation toward economic independence, and
initiative was noted among women employed in
professional work, with a high income, who are
entrepreneurs, and who occupy prestigious or
relatively highly paid positions.
Volume 03 Issue 09-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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P
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:
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The younger generation of women in all professional
groups (workers, maids, students, entrepreneurs)
shows high flexibility, rejection of paternalistic
principles of relations with the state, great optimism,
self-defense, use of their life resources, etc. known as
life principles leading to the basis of the analysis of the
above theoretical views, it can be concluded that
women's flexibility takes place in a combined state
depending on the social environment in the
organization along with the economic situation. The
social adaptation of women in organizational terms
depends on their marital status, the number of
children, and the working conditions created [6].
Under the influence of demographic, economic and
socio-psychological factors, the process of social
adaptation either improves or weakens. The analysis of
the empirical results obtained in order to find practical
confirmation of these views is significant, since it
allows us to specifically systematize the reasons,
means and factors of the psychological characteristics
of women’s adaptation to government organizations.
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ISSUE
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SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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164
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–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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