Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
64
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
64-68
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes patience in Alisher Navoi's work "Mahbub ul-Qulub" as a philosophical and moral category.
Different aspects of the concepts of patience and satisfaction are highlighted.
KEYWORDS
Sufism, patience, satisfaction, religious, worldly, humility.
INTRODUCTION
Alisher Navoi is one of the greatest representatives of
world literature. He was a great poet, thinker, and
noble person with high intelligence. His great literary
legacy, left behind for several centuries, heavily
influenced the literary and intellectual development of
the Middle East and Near East peoples. The Uzbek
language and literature progressed based on Navoi's
legacy during the last five centuries, continuing his
enduring traditions. As our first President I.A.Karimov
stated: "The poet who expressed the joy and sorrow of
human hearts in a beautiful way like Navoi is rarely
found in world literary history. Our love for his mother
tongue, our appreciation for his inexhaustible talent
and greatness are all embodied in our minds and hearts
through Navoi's works. We are empowered by this
invaluable heritage to make our people, especially our
youth, proud of our national spiritual values and to
achieve good human qualities in society."
Research Article
PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF PATIENCE IN "MAHBUB-UL-QULUB" BY
ALISHER NAVOI
Submission Date:
June 16, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 21, 2023,
Published Date:
June 26, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue06-13
Ochilova Maftuna Shukhratovna
Doctoral Student Of Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
65
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
64-68
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The theme of patience occupies a prominent place in
most of Alisher Navoi's works, such as "Mahbub ul-
qulub," "Majolis un-nafois," and "Nasoyim ul-
muhabbat." The book "Mahbub ul-qulub," which is
acknowledged as a summary of the poet's life
experience and his thoughts on life, is divided into
three parts, with two parts primarily focused on ethical
issues. In this ten-chapter section, the poet reflects on
good deeds and bad habits, highlighting the
importance of possessing good qualities and striving to
rid oneself of negative traits. Navoi highlights
repentance, patience, and virtuous conduct as positive
traits and devotes a separate section to the theme of
patience.
Navoi emphasizes that patience is critical in
overcoming difficulties and enduring physical and
mental suffering. He writes: "Patience is bitter but
beneficial; it is hard but it helps to overcome pain.
Whoever holds out with patience until the end will
ultimately reach their goals; whoever does not give up
when faced with adversity will eventually taste
success." Indeed, practicing patience is one of the
most challenging tasks for humans to accomplish.
Therefore, individuals who possess strong faith in
religious or secular knowledge tend to be more patient
than others.
It is evident from Navoi's works that he considered
being a perfect human being as central to his
philosophy. In "Mahbub ul-qulub," he stresses that
being patient is an essential part of becoming a
complete person. Patience helps an individual control
their desires or nafs. The nafs refers to all negative
qualities beyond just anger or sadness that can afflict
individuals' minds. Those who lack patience are foolish
people.
In his writings, Mir Alisher Navoi did not overlook the
significance of patience. He believed that one could
not achieve their goals without exercising restraint and
perseverance through difficult times. His writings
continue to inspire people to lead virtuous lives, and his
themes of patience and perseverance remain as
relevant today as they were in the past.
It is possible to explain the concept related to patience
as follows:
Dark and long as the autumn night, yet gentle as the
morning sun
Medicine which is unpleasant to swallow, but then
relieves pain
A wise warner whose advice leads to your goals
A slow but steady camel which reaches the destination
A friend who leads to target
A boring but goal-oriented conversationalist
Far and challenging as the journey of Hajj, yet ultimate
destination is acceptance of prayers.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
66
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
64-68
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
When we study Navoi's works, we are often convinced
that the characters he portrays reflect his own beliefs.
The hero of the story in his work may end up in prison
due to false accusations, be tortured and even have his
limbs broken, yet he perseveres. Navoi describes his
condition as: "His whole being was wounded by the
strike of a whip; every part of his div was beaten. He
was so badly treated that his blood covered the
ground. But even then, he did not lose hope and did
not give up on speaking the truth." (verse 47)
Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi wrote in one of his wisdoms:
"When a man is confronted with a new trial,
Patience and perseverance are worth more than
seventy prayers."
The hero in Navoi's story embodies the qualities that
Rumi speaks of. When a girl sees him injured, she
applies ointment to his wounds. Through patience and
determination, he eventually achieves success and
great fortune.
In Ibrahim Haqqul's article "Sabr - The Art of Patience"
published in the Tafakkur journal, he sheds light on
insightful ideas based on Abulkarim Qushari's
thoughts: "One type of patience is that of
contentment; the other is that of love. The most
beautiful form of patience for the contented is to
completely rid oneself of complaints. The most
beautiful form of patience for lovers is freedom from
anxiety."
In "Mahbub ul-qulub," Navoi describes various types of
patience both theoretically and practically. Through
this story, Navoi reminds us that great blessings are
often achieved through hardships, perseverance, tears
and pain.
The third part of the work titled "Various useful advice
and proverbs" contains various advice, wise sayings,
and warnings, each brief but with meaningful content
that invites each person to cultivate themselves and
find their place in the world. It should be emphasized
that in the second part, the poet continues his
thoughts on patience, which he develops further in the
warnings of the third part. Everything has its good and
bad side, just as impatience is opposed to patience.
Navoiy writes about this: "With patience, difficult
things become easy. Many things are achieved through
hard work; many things are lost by impatience.
Impatience is for young children; experienced adults
work with patience." (p. 78)
Navoiy does not stop at the word "patience" in his
works but rather shows us how it is related to the
concept of faith in his work "Mahbub ul-qulub".
A tough road which leads to a desirable destination
A crop whose seed is a treasure, fruitfulness is without
limit
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
67
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
64-68
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It brings joy to the heart, humility to the eyes
A tree without thorns of dependency, but fruit of
respect
Harvest of honor and empathy
A treasure which doesn't decrease in values
A spring which doesn't dry up
"The hard bread of a dervish is better than the delicious
food of a king's banquet. A poor person who is used to
Qanat's (a type of bread) simple taste derives greater
pleasure from it than a rich person's opulent halva
(sweet). Whoever has become accustomed to Qanat
does not worry about royal luxuries. Although a
homeowner's house is always big, it doesn't matter
how much you try to expand it. Qanat is a small piece
of bread; if you eat it, you will be freed from your carnal
desires. Qanat is a small piece that, if you give it, you
will be saved from needing your enemies or friends.
Qanat is a small thing, its outcome is high; its need is
unnecessary. Qanat is like a camel, its fruit is
unnecessary; it is like water, but it is a pleasant
destination. In Qanat, no matter how much happiness
and prosperity there are, a host who has the opposite
will have so much irritation and punishment."
In Sufism, emphasis is also placed on being content
with little. In the book "Futuvvatnomai Sultoniy yoxud
javonmardlik tariqati" written by Husayin Voiz Koshifiy,
the third chapter "The Manners and Requirements of a
Disciple" talks about how a disciple must achieve
literacy, become a Muslim, be a seeker, and acquire
other important qualities. Among these qualities,
Qanat is also mentioned and it is advised that a disciple
should only consume what is necessary to fulfill their
needs such as food and clothing instead of constantly
seeking more and indulging in excess desires.
Excessive desires can distract one from their spiritual
path and lead them away from the practices and
teachings of the Sufi order.
In the works of Navoi, the plainness and simplicity of
Qanat is compared to that of a weak camel or an
impoverished person. The poet draws a comparison
between how a hungry person looks forward to eating
simple food like Qanat instead of rich dishes. Similar
ideas are expressed in several stories of Sayfi Saroyi's
"Guliston Bit-Turkiy" in the third section titled "Qanoat
Fazilatini Aytur". One of the stories talks about a weak
and strong person who were accused and imprisoned
without evidence. After being cleared of the
accusations, they are surprised to find out that it was
the butchers who had always supported their
innocence. The judge later comments on the incident
by saying that the weak person had wandered around
and died while the other person remained patient and
survived. We can see the poet's unique ideas in some
of his pieces like the 54th "Tanbe" where he
emphasizes the importance of patience in solving
complicated problems. He also believes that working
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
68
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
64-68
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
with patience is an experience gained with age and
maturity, unlike children who are impulsive in their
actions.
Qanoat is a spring that never dries up, its water flows
constantly. It is like a treasure that never diminishes
even if people take from it. It is like a fertile land that
brings honor and joy.
In Alisher Navoi's "Mahbub ul-qulb," patience is
explained in its spiritual and philosophical meanings,
which expand the human understanding and create a
fertile ground for new thoughts and ideas to emerge
through deep contemplation.
REFERENCES
1.
Karimov I.A. High spirituality is an invincible power.
- Tashkent: Spirituality, 2008.
2.
Alisher Navoi. Mahbub ul-Qulub.-Tashkent: Gafur
Ghulam Publishing House of Literature and Art,
1983.
3.
Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi. Proverbs" - Tashkent,
2007.
4.
Hakkulov I. "Sabr-iroda ishi", "Tafakkur" magazine.
2009.
5.
Hossein Vaiz Koshifi. "Futuvvatnomai Sultani, or
sect of youthfulness", translated by N. Komilov. -
Tashkent: Publishing House of People's Heritage
named after Abdulla Qadiri, 1994.
6.
Saifi Saraoi "Gulistoni bit-turkiy" Gulshani of three
nightingales. -Tashkent: Literary and Art Publishing
House named after Gafur Ghulam", 1986.
