Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
47
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Corruption leads first of all to injustice, inequality and public discontent, violation of the criteria of justice in society. In
some countries, reporters have established the most effective public scrutiny in the fight against corruption.
Therefore, it is necessary to support the activities of several strong periodicals in our country. The absence of
development without criticism must be inculcated in the minds of citizens. These "invisible hands" underlie the
opening and closing of dozens of joint ventures every year. First in the West, then in Asia, the issue is deepening, and
as the area, scale and level of the "disease" in society is growing, it is necessary to think about what to do. Corruption
is a threat to development, a dangerous crime that threatens security, and the fight against this scourge should be
the work of all of us, not just the relevant authorities.
KEYWORDS
Corruption, bribery, greed, "Invisible hands", "Disease" zone, negatively affects development.
INTRODUCTION
Corruption is a comprehensive concept, and it cannot
be ignored that it has become a daily activity of some
layers, categories, and groups of the society, and it is
connected with each other. In this matter, researchers
have been writing for a long time that the law
enforcement agencies of the state should be more
alert and intelligent, as well as non-governmental
organizations, various commissions, journalists, and
the independent judicial system should work more
actively.
Especially
politicians,
sociologists,
Research Article
CORRUPTION IS AN ENEMY OF SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT
Submission Date:
June 09, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 14, 2023,
Published Date:
June 19, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue06-10
Orif Tinibekov
Deputy Dean, Independent Researcher Tashkent University Of Applied Sciences National University Of
Uzbekistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
48
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
psychologists, historians, state bodies, political parties,
and most importantly, practitioners will have to
concentrate on analyzing the issue and finding a
solution.
"Corruption (corruption) is the refusal of the
representatives of the authorities to achieve their
personal interests from the standards of behavior
accepted in society".
Corruption, first of all, leads to injustice, inequality and
public dissatisfaction in society, which cannot but
negatively affect the results of reforms in all spheres;
secondly, the lack of legal consciousness and legal
culture among our citizens, the inability to protect their
rights increases the violation of the standard of justice
in society; thirdly, political institutions and public
organizations are hindering our progress due to the
fact that they lag behind the demands of the times in
terms of form, content, and democratic criteria.
It is a sad fact that the phenomenon, which is simply
called bribery and corruption in the broad sense, is
hitting the roots of all reforms. We can say that
corruption is the factor that brings the biggest
negative wave to the indicator of macroeconomic
development.
Judging from the analysis of the problems related to
human consciousness and worldview in the state and
society, we will have to suffer a lot in the fight against
the evil of corruption inherited from the former union.
The reason is that the hierarchical system, which
operates strictly from top to bottom, is not yet fully
operational. However, this natural process should not
be artificially slowed down or stopped under the
pressure of certain forces. In this regard, it is necessary
to use the rich experience of developed countries. In
some countries, reporters-journalists have established
the most effective public control in the fight against
corruption. Hence, with several strong prime-time
press releases and television specials broadcast almost
daily (whether big or small), it is certain that many
people will be alert. It should be instilled in the minds
of citizens that there is no development without
criticism.
The problem of instilling tolerance in the minds of
teenagers and young people who study in the
education system is a priority area in society. Our
greatest weakness is that the idea that "bribery cannot
be overcome in society" has been formed in the minds
of young people. If we do not correct and move in this
regard, the evil of corruption will continue to
overshadow the reputation of our nation. It will be
difficult for us to achieve our goal if we do not carry out
more educational and propaganda work in the family,
kindergarten, and school to teach the mind and spirit
of our sons and daughters that greed and bribery are
not only bad vices, but also the reason for the decline
of our society and the backwardness of our economy.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
49
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Looking back, corruption probably has its historical
roots in the practice of giving gifts for good. But the
expensive gift set the man apart from other suitors and
helped ensure that his request was granted. Therefore,
it was customary to pay the leader even in primitive
societies.
The Arthashastra (4th century BC), an ancient Indian
treatise on the art of government, states that the
king's most important task is to combat the theft of
money. The pamphlet listed 40 ways to steal
government property and concluded that "it is easier
to predict the path of birds in the sky than the tricks of
cunning officials".
As the state apparatus became more complex and the
power of the central government increased,
professional officials appeared who, according to the
plan of the rulers, had to be satisfied only with fixed
salaries. In practice, officials used their positions to
secretly increase their income. Despite harsh
punishments for corruption, the fight against it did not
bring the desired results. Fortunately, the most
dangerous crimes were prevented, but corruption at
the level of bribes was widespread.
Ancient Egyptian pharaohs faced similar problems.
They had a huge bureaucratic apparatus of officials,
which allowed them to create lawlessness and
arbitrariness over the free peasants, artisans and even
the military nobility.
From the end of the 18th century, there was a turning
point in the society's attitude to corruption in the
West. Liberal reforms were carried out under the
slogan that state power exists for the benefit of the
people subject to it, so subjects would support the
government in exchange for strict compliance with the
laws by officials.
In particular, according to the US Constitution adopted
in 1787, bribery is one of the specified crimes against
which the President of the United States can be
impeached. By this time, society began to influence the
quality of work of the state apparatus more and more.
As regulation by political parties and government has
increased, episodes of collusion between political
elites and big business have become more frequent.
Nevertheless, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the level
of corruption in developed countries decreased
compared to the rest of the world. A new stage in the
evolution of corruption in developed countries was the
beginning of the 19th and 20th centuries. On the one
hand, another strengthening of state regulation and,
accordingly, the power of officials has begun. On the
other hand, a large private business appeared, which
began to move to "buying the state" in the competitive
struggle. As political parties grew in importance in
developed countries (especially in Western Europe
after World War II), party corruption developed when
large firms and multinational corporations paid
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
50
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
politicians personally into party coffers, not because
they lobbied for their interests.
In the second half of the 20th century, corruption
became an international problem. Abroad, corporate
bribery of high-ranking officials is widespread.
Corruption in one country has led to negative effects
on the development of many countries. Even in the
December 31, 1995 issue of the "Financial Times"
magazine, 1995 was declared "the year of corruption".
In order to promote corruption as a social evil, the
United
Nations
Organization
established
the
"International Anti-Corruption Day". In the preamble
of the United Nations Convention against Corruption,
problems that threaten the stability and security of
society as a result of corruption are based on the fact
that it undermines democratic institutions and moral
values, justice, sustainable development and the rule
of law. It can be said that in the modern world,
corruption has been considered a serious and urgent
problem for almost all countries.
Significant corruption has its own complexity, which
can be summarized as follows:
division of corruption into state corruption (corruption
of state officials), commercial corruption (corruption
of company leaders), political corruption (corruption
of politicians) depending on the subject of corruption;
the initiation of corruption relations is by the request
of a bribe on the initiative of an official or by the
applicant;
depending on the subject of corruption, the briber is in
the form of an individual bribe (from a citizen), a
business bribe (from a law firm), a criminal bribe (by
criminal entrepreneurs, for example, drug mafia);
in the form of exchange of money and services
(sponsorship, kinship) depending on the form of the
bribe-taker's profit from corruption;
decentralized corruption depending on the degree of
centralization of corrupt relations (each briber acts on
his own initiative);
centralized corruption in the form of "bottom-up"
(bribes regularly received by lower officials are
distributed between them and higher officials),
centralized corruption "top-down" (bribes regularly
received by high-ranking officials are partially
transferred to their subordinates);
depending on the degree of spread of corruption
relations, in the form of basic corruption (at the lower
and middle levels of power), high-level corruption
(among high-ranking officials and politicians),
international corruption (in the field of world economic
relations);
depending on the level of regularity of corruption
relations, it can be episodic, systemic (institutional)
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
51
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
and kleptocracy (corruption as an integral part of
power relations).
Today, the main reason for the manifestation of
corruption is the tolerance of the population, not being
afraid of losing future profits by engaging in such work,
using the opportunity for an official to choose an
option of behavior that can positively and negatively
solve the question posed to him, Lameness in terms of
rights and obligations, i.e. lack of knowledge of rights
and obligations of persons performing management
functions
in
official,
commercial
or
other
organizations, weak legal consciousness of citizens in
general, lack of appropriate management control over
the actions of an official can be cited. The problem of
corruption, eliminating its various manifestations and
preventing its spread, developing and implementing
effective methods of combating corruption is a very
urgent issue.
We cannot turn a blind eye to the fact that effective
actions are being taken against the development
curve. Hundreds of studies are being conducted by
experts,
various
institutes
and
international
organizations to determine the causes of corruption
and to find optimal ways to fight against it. Specific
ratings are being created and various indicators and
numbers are being recorded. Even formulas of various
forms of corruption are being developed. So far, there
is no single solution that works for all nations in the
fight against this evil. The point is that the true root of
corruption changes with the geography of its origin.
In the second half of the 20th century, it was widely
believed that corruption is good for the development
of society in less developed countries. Because the
laws in these countries are not properly developed,
officials
are
appointed
to
positions
in
incomprehensible ways. In such a situation, people
have no choice but to pay bribes to promote business
and remove artificial barriers.
However, by the 21st century, most scientists have
recognized that corruption does more harm than
good. On top of that, saying that the corruption
situation is good actually led to the postponement of
the task of improving and developing the public sector.
In particular, the presence of corruption in the
economic sphere has a permanent negative impact on
the following processes:
•
Inefficient distribution and spending of state
funds and resources;
•
increase in time and material expenses in
conducting business;
•
to the increase in prices;
•
the
deterioration
of
the
competitive
environment and the fact that the rules of the game
are not the same for everyone;
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
52
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
•
to the growth of the secret economy and the
reduction of tax revenues;
•
leads to the deterioration of the investment
environment, a decrease in investments and a
decrease in the efficiency of the country's economy in
general.
CONCLUSION
Corruption is a cruel obstacle to the functioning of the
market economy system, bilateral and multilateral
cooperation between countries, business and
investment development. Corruption is a cruel
obstacle to the functioning of the market economy
system, bilateral and multilateral cooperation between
countries, business and investment development. It
seems that the real reasons for the decrease in foreign
investment in a country with a high level of corruption
can be found in this dangerous vice.
First in the West, and later in Asian countries, this issue
deepens, and the territory, scope and level of the
"disease" in society is increasing, and the question of
what should be done arises. What will be done to
reduce the impact of such a scourge, which is taking
over the world and affecting the economy of
countries?!
The issue of corruption and national development is
more important and urgent than ever for the fate of
the country, the future of the country. The reason is
that the people of our country work day and night to
restore the material and spiritual wealth lost during the
century-long colonial period, to develop the economy,
and to preserve the national identity.
It is possible to achieve national development by
preserving the spirit of the people, strengthening
religious values, and instilling the ideology of
patriotism into the mind. After all, freedom and full use
of the rich opportunity created by freedom will depend
closely on solving the problem of corruption in
Uzbekistan, and on the extent to which the three
authorities adhere to the principle of mutual restraint.
In short, since corruption is a dangerous crime that
threatens development and security, fighting against
this evil should be the work of all of us, not only the
relevant bodies. Therefore, it is necessary for us to
conclude for ourselves, to build the future together
without corruption, for this we must educate ourselves
first, and fight together to eliminate any appearance of
corruption.
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Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
53
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
47-53
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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