Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
35
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article examines topical issues of preserving the richest historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, popularization of historical memory about it, and also discusses the prospects for the development of
various types of tourism within the framework of the implementation of the "Strategy of Actions for the Further
Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" in 2017-2021.
KEYWORDS
Tourism, historical and cultural heritage, respondents, survey, ancient cities
INTRODUCTION
In the scientific and practical literature devoted to the
development of tourism, the term “national model of
tourism” is often used [1], which the authors seek to
characterize as “socio
-economic, political and legal
processes taking place in this area, allowing to identify
the specifics and features that strikingly distinguish
national tourism from tourism in other countries [2].
Meanwhile, no one gives a specific description of this
concept, and therefore, it is sometimes difficult to
identify the features of the development of the
tourism industry of each state, its role in the economy.
Most often, it comes down to generalization of
economic indicators of tourism, geographical ranking
of the country and its tourist zones.
Research Article
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL MODEL OF
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
June 05, 2023,
Accepted Date:
June 10, 2023,
Published Date:
June 15, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue06-08
Guzal Egamberdieva
Senior Lecturer, Faculty Of History National University Of Uzbekistan Named After Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
36
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In the Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev on the Strategy of Actions
in 2017-2021, one of the main priorities for the
development and liberalization of the economy is the
accelerated development of the tourism industry,
increasing its role and contribution to the economy,
diversification and improvement of the quality of
tourist services, expansion of tourist infrastructure.
Among the works of domestic authors are articles and
monographs by I.Ivatov, K.M. Khursandov, H.F.
Ochilova, O.H.Khamidov, S.R.Safaeva, O.P. Kobzeva,
O.Z. Jalilov, D. Bobozhonova, N. Tukhlieva, U.
Zhiyanova,
M.A.Rakhimov,
H.H.
Musaev,
and
publications by a number of other researchers, in
which such issues of tourism development as
gastronomic, ecological, safe tourism, foreign
experience in tourism development, the regulatory
framework for tourism development, as well as the
role of the Great Silk Road in unlocking the tourism
potential in the Republic of Uzbekistan are studied.
The question of the revival of the Great Silk Road, its
role in the development of tourism in Uzbekistan is
very relevant today, and therefore many authors pay
great attention to this issue. In the monograph
Kobzeva O.P., Jalilova O.Z. the issues related to the
development of various programs and projects for the
revival of the Great Silk Road at the present stage, the
use of the Silk Road brand by tourist centers and Silk
Road participating countries, the deepening of
cooperation between Uzbekistan and China in the
financial sphere, increasing mutual investment,
stimulating mutual infrastructure construction, as well
as a positive trend of expansion in the tourism sector.
Both sides have huge potential in this area, which is
largely the historical heritage of the Great Silk Road. It
is necessary to emphasize the importance of
establishing twinning ties between the cities of
Tashkent, Shanghai, Samarkand and Xi'an, Navoi and
Zhuzhou, Samarkand region and Shaanxi Province.
Thus, the main purpose of the authors of the
monograph was to study new plans, initiatives for the
Revival of the Great Silk Road and cooperation
between Uzbekistan and China in various fields,
especially in the field of tourism.
Various aspects of the study of tourism development
in Uzbekistan were touched upon in the dissertations
of Kamolov B., Norkulova D.Z., Alimova M.T.,
Khamidov O.H., Usmanova S.B., Sidikova M.H., Abidova
Z.K., Mansurov M.Sh., Mukhammedova M.S. In
particular, the dissertation of Norkulova D.Z. analyzes
the features of social tourism services in Uzbekistan, as
well as the use of international best practices in the
development of social tourism. Recommendations on
the organization of social tourism services among
young people and people with disabilities are given.
ANALYSES AND RESULTS
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
37
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The traditional culture of the peoples of Uzbekistan is
among the oldest layers of the civilization of Central
Asia, where it is represented in folk clothes, rituals and
customs, holidays and games, music and decor,
theatrical and folklore art, religion, peculiarities of
mentality and life, national cuisine.
The tourism industry is one of the youngest and
dynamically developing industries in Uzbekistan.
Uzbekistan has unique natural, historical and
architectural resources that attract a large flow of
tourists and is among the top ten[3] in terms of rich
material and spiritual heritage. However, according to
the estimates of the World Tourism Council,
Uzbekistan ranks 150th among the countries of the
world in terms of tourist arrivals, this is a very low
indicator compared to other Central Asian states (e.g.
Kazakhstan ranks 89th) [4].
Uzbekistan has a total of 8,208 immovable objects of
material cultural heritage, of which 4,788 monuments
of archeology, 2,265 monuments of architecture, 625
monuments of monumental art, 530 attractions [5],
100 museums, 50 theaters, 72 concert organizations, 1
circus, 192 parks of culture and recreation, 3 zoos[6].
Our country is developing the tourism and hospitality
industry based on the careful preservation of traditions
and monuments of the past and the creation of new
innovative solutions in it and is a leader in the field of
cultural and educational tourism among other
countries of the Central Asian region[7]. It should be
noted that the city of Tashkent occupies a dominant
position in all major indicators of the tourism industry:
73.4% (292%) of firms and organizations account for
58.8% (329.5 thousand) visitors. The same indicator is
for Samarkand (13.1 and 4.1%), Bukhara (4.5 and 9.2%)
and Khorezm (1 and 21%) regions. These four regions
account for 92% of firms and organizations in
Uzbekistan, as well as 93.1% of visitors to the service.
The share of Syrdarya, Namangan and Surkhandarya,
Kashkadarya, Ferghana regions is 2.3% and 1.5%,
respectively[8].
In the era of globalization and integration of the states
of the region into the world economy, including with
the aim of developing the tourism industry, the
development of transport communications, where the
Great Silk Road is important, is important in the
flourishing and growing well-being of the peoples
inhabiting them. The restoration of the Great Silk Road
has become one of the most urgent tasks of our time.
And Uzbekistan is actively involved in the
implementation of this major international project, in
particular, in terms of the development of international
historical and cultural tourism on the Great Silk
Road[9].
Since the shortest and most profitable routes of this
world-famous trade highway of antiquity ran through
the territory of Uzbekistan, which was located in the
heart of Central Asia, our country has a number of
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
38
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
advantages, including such ancient cities as
Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, etc., with preserved
architectural complexes, living crafts and folklore, rich
historical the past, which makes it special for attracting
tourists. In our research work, we examined the tourist
route through the cities of Uzbekistan along which the
Great Silk Road passed and identified the peculiarities
of each region:
2) Favorable natural and climatic conditions of the
country and a developed service sector
In the Message of President Sh.M.Mirziyoyev to the
Oliy Majlis on December 28, 2018, it was noted that
comprehensive measures were taken to develop
tourism, attract investment in the sphere, and increase
the potential of personnel. Uzbekistan among
potential tourists is mainly associated primarily with
ancient cities, historical and cultural monuments.
However, the country has great potential for the
development of its other species
–
natural favorable
climatic conditions, national reserves, recreational
areas in mountainous areas. The recreational resources
available in the country allow us to develop all types of
tourism,
such
as
ecotourism,
geotourism,
mountaineering, extreme, cultural tourism, fishing,
rafting; various tourist routes and receive guests all
year round. As a result, Uzbekistan is able to offer a
wide range of services both for lovers of cultural and
educational recreation and for active recreation.
Uzbekistan is gradually turning into one of the most
attractive places for lovers of descents from mountain
peaks. There are many resort villages and hotels in the
mountains, there are a huge number of hiking and
skiing routes, as well as popular slopes for
mountaineering. Big Chimgan is one of the best
climbing sites. Speleotourism is developed in the
mountains of Baysuntau - the cave "Dark Star" in
Surkhandarya region, the tract "Kala and Shiron" in
Kashkadarya region - the cave of Amir Temur.
In the period from March to November, the
mountainous regions of Uzbekistan attract lovers of
hiking, and from April to September - cycling. The most
popular hiking routes of the country pass through the
protected areas of the Chimgan Mountains and the
Hissar and Turkestan ridges surrounding Samarkand,
the Matchinsky and Fan Mountains. One of the routes
is through Nurata, along Kyzylkum, towards Khiva. It is
interesting to descend into the Sarmysh gorge, famous
for its petroglyph art gallery, the largest in the world.
In addition, cyclists pass through villages, where they
get acquainted with the way of life of local residents.
For extreme sports near Samarkand there is a route
along the spurs of the Aktau ridge.
The first step in organizing trips related to geotourism
was the initiative of the State Committee for Geology
and Mineral Resources, which proposed to include the
Kitab State Geological Reserve in the UNESCO Global
Network of Geoparks, as well as to expand the register
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
39
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of ecotourist sites, including geoparks, to increase the
flow of foreign travelers.
Currently, local residents are creating a certain
infrastructure, which is conventionally called "topchan-
tourism". They are provided with meals and leisure
activities, sports, including fishing.
However, their own observations and special studies in
this regard showed that among the prospective
tourists from Italy, Germany, Azerbaijan, Slovenia,
Russia, Turkey, Serbia, Armenia, France had no idea
about the tourism potential of the state of Uzbekistan.
However, there were also those who visited our
country at least once, and noted the positive factors
that attracted them to visit the Republic of Uzbekistan.
A positive factor that attracted most tourists:
A safe country-21.1%, hospitable people-23.3%,
affordable vacation prices-15.9%, national cuisine - 27%,
relatively inexpensive medical care-9.8%, rich historical
and cultural heritage - 39.6%
In our opinion, in order to achieve large-scale goals for
the development of all types of tourism, it is necessary
to distribute them among performers on individual
issues requiring cooperation with relevant ministries,
departments, local khokimiyats. Specialists from all
fields of activity should also interact (specialists with
medical education are needed for the development of
medical tourism, engineers, local historians for
mountain skiing, agronomists, animal breeders, etc.).
3) The political and economic situation in the state.
In general, each region in Uzbekistan is unique and a
realistic approach to tourism and understanding of it as
an economic sphere with significant benefits for the
socio-economic development of the regions of
Uzbekistan is gradually being formed.
Until 2016, the country was one of the most closed in
the world, in order to obtain a visa, it was necessary to
apply to the country's diplomatic missions abroad. This
created additional inconveniences for tourists wishing
to visit Uzbekistan[10].
It is worth noting that countries with a low level of
economic development, unstable political situation
cause reasonable concerns among tourists. The
tourism industry of Uzbekistan has tourism potential,
while the liberalization of the country's economy has
attracted more and more international investors in the
hotel and restaurant business, as well as the oil and
gas, textile, and construction industries. According to
the country 's indicators , it has achieved high results in
various world tourism ratings:
The tourism industry in Uzbekistan has been reformed
in recent years, as part of the simplification of
registration procedures, an interdepartmental Set of
practical measures has been developed and
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
40
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
implemented to improve the quality of services
provided, including simplification of passport and
customs control, at international airports and train
stations of the country.
In particular, the practice of organizing, at the request
of tour operators, the accelerated passage of
registration procedures by tourists at the airport of
Tashkent, where the State Tourism Bureau has also
been opened to distribute information and handouts
about Uzbekistan to tourists.
Currently, local residents are creating a certain
infrastructure, which is conventionally called "topchan-
tourism". They are provided with meals and leisure
activities, sports, including fishing.
However, their own observations and special studies in
this regard showed that among the prospective
tourists from Italy, Germany, Azerbaijan, Slovenia,
Russia, Turkey, Serbia, Armenia, France had no idea
about the tourism potential of the state of Uzbekistan.
However, there were also those who visited our
country at least once, and noted the positive factors
that attracted them to visit the Republic of Uzbekistan.
A positive factor that attracted most tourists:
A safe country-21.1%, hospitable people-23.3%,
affordable vacation prices-15.9%, national cuisine - 27%,
relatively inexpensive medical care-9.8%, rich historical
and cultural heritage - 39.6%
In our opinion, in order to achieve large-scale goals for
the development of all types of tourism, it is necessary
to distribute them among performers on individual
issues requiring cooperation with relevant ministries,
departments, local khokimiyats. Specialists from all
fields of activity should also interact (specialists with
medical education are needed for the development of
medical tourism, engineers, local historians for
mountain skiing, agronomists, animal breeders, etc.).
3) The political and economic situation in the state.
In general, each region in Uzbekistan is unique and a
realistic approach to tourism and understanding of it as
an economic sphere with significant benefits for the
socio-economic development of the regions of
Uzbekistan is gradually being formed.
Until 2016, the country was one of the most closed in
the world, in order to obtain a visa, it was necessary to
apply to the country's diplomatic missions abroad. This
created additional inconveniences for tourists wishing
to visit Uzbekistan[10].
It is worth noting that countries with a low level of
economic development, unstable political situation
cause reasonable concerns among tourists. The
tourism industry of Uzbekistan has tourism potential,
while the liberalization of the country's economy has
attracted more and more international investors in the
hotel and restaurant business, as well as the oil and
gas, textile, and construction industries. According to
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
41
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the country 's indicators , it has achieved high results in
various world tourism ratings:
The tourism industry in Uzbekistan has been reformed
in recent years, as part of the simplification of
registration procedures, an interdepartmental Set of
practical measures has been developed and
implemented to improve the quality of services
provided, including simplification of passport and
customs control, at international airports and train
stations of the country.
In particular, the practice of organizing, at the request
of tour operators, the accelerated passage of
registration procedures by tourists at the airport of
Tashkent, where the State Tourism Bureau has also
been opened to distribute information and handouts
about Uzbekistan to tourists.
CONCLUSION
—
The above facts indicate the practical creation of a
National tourism model in the Republic of Uzbekistan
in 2017-2021
—
The main components of the national tourism
model are: 1) rich historical and cultural heritage of
Uzbekistan 2) stable political and economic situation of
the country 3) favorable natural and climatic conditions
and a sufficiently developed service sector 4) lifestyle,
lifestyle, traditions, religion, diverse national cuisine,
unusual types of folk applied arts, holidays and national
games, music and decor, theatrical and folklore art,
which distinguishes them from other states.
—
Since 2017, the tourism sector in Uzbekistan has
been considered as a strategic branch of the national
economy. Since then, a comprehensive approach to
the development of the country's tourism industry has
been implemented.
—
In the conditions of Uzbekistan, when there are all 4
seasons of the year and in each season nature acquires
a specific appearance, there are all conditions for the
systematic development of all types of tourism in each
region. In particular, we have considered that the
priority areas of tourism are cultural and educational,
ecological, zierat tourism.
—
Uzbekistan with a stable political and economic
situation attracts tourists not only for recreation, but
also for education, business meetings, and commercial
purposes.
—
The tourist flow was distributed as follows: the city
of Tashkent occupies a dominant position in all the
main indicators of the tourism industry, a similar
indicator for the Samarkand, Bukhara and Khorezm
regions. These four regions account for 92% of firms
and organizations in Uzbekistan, as well as 93.1% of
visitors to the service.
—
The largest number of tourists for the period from
2017-2021 was from Central Asian countries-
Volume 03 Issue 06-2023
42
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
06
Pages:
35-42
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Kazakhstan, from the CIS-the Russian Federation, from
far abroad-Turkey.
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za predelami strany ssylki, libo v ramkah
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https://www.unwto.org/glossary-tourism-terms
(20.04.2021)
2.
Tuhliev N., Taksanova T. Nacional'nye modeli
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Gimranova O.B. Napravleniya razvitiya sfery
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Musaev S. H. Effektivnye puti dal'nejshego
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Klimova T. K voprosu razvitiya turisticheskoj otrasli
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