Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
111
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
111-117
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, the work of a statesman, a patron of science and enlightenment and a unique creative woman Nodira,
the contribution of science and enlightenment to the development of the state. The role of Mohlaroyim's educational-
philosophical views in the development of his time and today's society is discussed.
KEYWORDS
Enlightenment, great geniuses, perfect women, patron of knowledge, talent, scientific-philosophical views, perfect,
ruling feudalism, realism, "Comila", "Nadira", "Maknuna", loyalty, patriotism, justice.
INTRODUCTION
The history of Uzbek enlightenment is full of great
geniuses, who astonished their time and various pages
emdiving the sound of centuries. On these pages
Lutfiy and Navoi, Furqat and Muqimi, who created in
this oppressive age, where "the enemy is ineffective,
the neighbor is unfaithful, the sky is unfaithful", fought
with enlightenment against ignorance, arrogance and
ignorance, in his philosophy of creation, human dignity
- Enlightenment women who glorified value, friendship
and patriotism, sang the feelings and hopes of
innocent women with high skill, glorified advanced
ideas, write the blessed names of artists like Nadira and
Uvaisiy in golden letters.
Research Article
THE ESSENCE OF SOCIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF NADIRA, THE
PATRON OF SCIENCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT
Submission Date:
May 21, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 26, 2023,
Published Date:
May 31, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue05-20
Ishanchayeva Shoirakhan Bakhramdjanovna
Andijan State Medical Institute Academic Lyceum "Social" Head Of The Science Department. Andijan,
Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
112
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
05
Pages:
111-117
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The famous poetess, statesman, patron of knowledge
Mohlaroyim Nadira was born in 1792 in the family of the
governor of Andijan, Rahmonqulbi. His mother
Ayshabegim was also an intelligent woman. The
parents of the poetess, whose family tree originated
from the Baburi family, were among the most
prestigious people of their time.
Mohlaroyim's education matured in this environment,
and during the years of his studies, he grew up aware
of the history, culture, and development of science and
education of the Uzbek people.
A unique talent, Mohlaroyim came to poetry early.
Master Alisher Navoi, Abdurahman Jami and Bedil
learned the scientific-philosophical views and grew
spiritually mature.
It is known that in these years, Amir Olimkhan was the
khan in the Kokan Khanate, and his brother Umar Khan
was the governor in Margilon. In 1807, Omar Khan and
Mohlaroyim got married out of love. Because of this,
Mohlaroyim comes to Margilon. After Amir Olim Khan
was executed in 1810, Umar Khan took the throne
instead. Due to this, the fate of Mohlaroyim will be
connected with Kokan. Her entry into the field of
creativity as an enlightened poet began in these years.
Although Umar Khan ruled the country through
tyranny and tyranny, he tried to strengthen his position
with the help of himself and other enlightened people.
They sang ghazals in praise of the Khan. "During Umar
Khan's time, people of words and figures of verse",
writes Khatif, "were writing odes and hymns in great
public display, and they were praying for the highest
threshold". These poets differed from each other in
terms of their talents, their understanding of life, their
outlook on life. "Regardless of their feudal palace
ideology and aspirations", writes Professor V.Zohidov,
"they objectively left a mark on some issues in Uzbek
literature". They have a role in the history of the Uzbek
literary language and in the development of this
language.
During this period, he was opposed to the ruling
feudalism, which sought to preserve its position,
expressed the plight of the workers in life topics in
poetry, protested against injustice and injustice,
oppression and tyranny, and expressed the hopes and
dreams of the people. a lively democratic literary
atmosphere was formed.
Nadira Kokonda Khan, along with being well-versed in
the affairs of the court and the state, worked hard to
raise the literature, art and poetry of the time to a
higher level with the enlightened people. Mohlarayim
and Umar Khan have two sons, Muhammad Ali Khan
and Sultan Mahmud Khan. After Umar Khan's death in
1822, young Muhammad Ali Khan ascended the throne.
Nadira, together with her young son, starts to rule the
country.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Nadira patronized science and education while
managing state affairs with efficiency and justice.
Peace was maintained in the country during these
years. In her divan, the poet mentioned Nadira's
initiatives in terms of administration, culture and
literature in the country. Intellectuals such as Nadir,
Khatif and Mushrif, who were his contemporaries, also
state this information in their works. In the epic poem
"Haft Gulshan" dedicated to the poet Nadir
Mohlarayim, he mentions that he paid special attention
to the people of knowledge and virtues, and took
under his protection talented poets and enlightened
poetesses and virtuous women. Abdunabi Khatif, who
was a judge of that time, convincingly showed the
scientific and social activities of the poetess in the
unfinished story about Nadira. Khatif says, "My goal in
writing a work is to show that Nadira is an intelligent,
understanding, wise woman who appreciates
knowledge and words".
The guidance of Nadira as a patron of knowledge and
enlightenment is emphasized: "After Umar Khan's
death", writes Khatif, "this pearl of chastity saw it as
ungratefulness that the days would pass with sorrow
and sorrow". He went to the Chahorchaman garden
like Gulistan, and summoned the nobles, scientists,
calligraphers, painters from Fergana, Tashkent,
Khojand, Andijan and other cities to his service.
Spending countless gold and jewels from the country's
taxes, he built a high madrasa, an ornate mosque, a
bathhouse, a caravanserai, and assigned countless
endowments to madrasas and mosques. During these
days, he ordered to write more books and decorate
them, and built a library. The secretaries, calligraphers,
painters were treated with such favors and gifts that
their voice became famous around the world. Writers
from this side of the Amudarya, famous writers, artists
like Mirali, and painters like Moni gathered here. Thus,
this woman with her intelligence and good qualities
was recognized as the only one of the time, "Rare
time" and was praised by the people.
However, the constant internal disputes and
disagreements that arose between the khans hindered
the development of scholars. Unfortunately, the emir
of Bukhara, Nasrullah, attacked the Khanate of Kokand
with various weapons and brutally executed
Mohlarayim and his two sons - Muhammad Ali Khan,
Sultan Mahmud Khan and his 14-year-old grandson
Muhammad Amin Khan.
This is how the life of the unique talent of the Uzbek
people and patron of enlightenment comes to a tragic
end.
From Mohlaroyim, a great scientific heritage of socio-
philosophical importance, created in the Uzbek and
Persian-Tajik languages under the pseudonyms
"Komila", "Nadira" and "Maknuna" has reached us.
The scientific studies of Nadira's life path and
enlightenment by T.Jalilov, O'tkir Rashid, V.Abdullaev,
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
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Pages:
111-117
SJIF
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(2021:
5.
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(2023:
7.
164
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
V.Zohidov, S.Ainiy, Fitrat, Lutfulla Olim, and especially
A.P.Qayumov are noteworthy.
Also, the following manuscripts written at the end of
the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century:
"History of Turkistan" and "History of Kokanda" by
Mullah Olim Muhammad, "Tarihi Shahrukhi" by Niyaz
Muhammad, "History of Kazan and Bulgar",
"Tawarikh" by Imam Qurban Ali Khamsai Sharqiy",
Azizi's "Tarihi Azizi", Fazil Qazi Muhammad Otabek's
son's "Perfect History of Farghana", Junayd Awaz
Muhammad's "Tarihi Jahonnamo", Abu Ubaidullah
Muhammad's "Khulosatul Ahavol", Ishaq Khan Ibrat's
"Tarihi Farg" "mother", Imam Ali Kunduzi's "Tawarihi
manzuma", Mirza Olim Mushrif's "Ansobus-salatin wa
tawarihi al-khawaqin", "Gharaibi sipohi Kho'qand"
(author unknown), Muhammad Amin Rozi bin Attar's"
Information about Nadira's biography and socio-
philosophical thinking can also be found in sources that
report on the political, economic and educational life
of the Kokand khanate, such as "Tuhfatut Tavorikh",
Polatjon Qayumov's "Kokand History and Literature". .
These works are stored in the manuscript fund of the
Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan
Beruni of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR.
The socio-philosophical views of Nadira's works, which
have been formed on the basis of our national thinking
and expressed in various scientific and educational
fields, have a special place in the concept of New
Uzbekistan.
As a result of many years of scientific research and
research, a number of sources of the rich creative
heritage of the poetess were identified. As a result of
tireless research, the manuscript of the poet's office
was found, and a number of scientific works were
carried out on their study and analysis. It became
known that the divan of an enlightener from
Samarkand, under the pseudonym Komila, compiled in
Uzbek and Persian-Tajik languages, was copied during
his lifetime. A collection of works under the
pseudonym Nodira was found in the city of Namangan.
Another collection of Persian-Tajik poems created
under the pseudonym Maknuna was discovered in
Tashkent.
Contemporaries called the poetess "Rare period" due
to her high appreciation of the poetess' passion for
culture and science and her beautiful talent.
Nadira considers Alisher Navoi a mentor in her work.
The main content of Navoi's philosophy is explained by
the idea of "perfect man". Nadira praised the inner
mental state of a person. The poet's ghazal "Aziz" with
radicle:
The nobles of all the people of the world have come.
These verses are reminiscent of Navoi's rubai
beginning with the words "Jondin, I love you very
much, O dear life".
Following in the footsteps of great teachers such as
Jami, Fuzuli, Bedil, Babur and Mashrab, Nadira enjoyed
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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VOLUME
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111-117
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(2021:
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(2023:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the world surrounding man and its beauty in his works.
Nadira loved life, appreciated it, she recognized true
love as a gift from God Almighty, and sang that it is
something that is in the hearts of people:
A person without love is not a person. If you are a
person, choose love!
Burn, O Nadira, reveal the language of love to the
world!
The enlightened poetess looked at the light of
knowledge, i.e. as a way to get closer to the beauty of
God, through qualities such as patience, honor, and
modesty. describes asramok in a certain figurative way.
As long as a person lacks these qualities, he enters the
path of hypocrisy and ignorance. These philosophical
views serve as wings for the spiritual development of
people, especially the young generation, which is a
topical issue today. New Uzbekistan is an enlightened
state.... . It is our duty to organize continuous spiritual
and educational work in the society, to make selfless
and patriotic youth, based on the idea of
"enlightenment against ignorance", our Head of State
did not point out without reason.
In her views, Nadira, based on the Naqshbandi
direction of Sufism along with secularism, expressed
the spiritual world in an expressive manner and with
vivid verses, with one integrity, regarding the
interaction of man with society and nature, divine love.
For him, it is an honor to sing and feel both the
excitement of love and its pain. The poetess expresses
the following in her radifli ghazal "Otash ast":
I don't have much to say, Maknuna.
My notebook is full of stains and my book is on fire.
Contents:
"I have nothing but burning in Maknuna's words. My
notebook is a collection of spots and my book is fire,"
he wrote. In Nadira's poems on the subject of love,
qualities such as loyalty and loyalty, which express this
love at a high level, are sung with enthusiasm:
As long as it happens, my life will be eternal, I will be
faithful.
Nadira says that if a person's heart does not burn with
the fire of morality, he does not appreciate love and
"don't enter the field of love rudely".
Nadira, who was the queen of enlightenment of her
time, came to our time with the virtue of being an artist
of spiritual perfection of an elegant person. As soon as
Nadira's scientific heritage and manuscript works came
into the hands of our people, they were eagerly
studied, and her first selection, published in the 60s,
was later enriched as separate volumes of the poet's
works. In the 1970s, the poet's book in Uzbek and
Persian-Tajik, consisting of two volumes, reached
scholars (along with a prose translation of Persian
ghazals). Also, Nodira's works were published in
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(2021:
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
neighboring Tajikistan and Afghanistan, and their
Russian translations were translated by Russian
orientalist S.N. Ivanov and reached the hands of
Russian readers.
High human qualities are clearly visible in the creative
philosophy of the poetess. In it, thought, intuition, and
feeling are extremely strong, and are manifested with
unique signs in the expression of human psychology.
He mentioned this in the preface of his divan: They
used to ask questions with a verse from the contents, I
would answer with a verse at the end of the
philosophies and I would make fun of their nature. One
of them is that one day they asked me a question, the
verse:
- Why is there such a thing as a dull person?
I answered that the verse:
"Who are these guys, they have a good friend"
Through this poem, the poet has seen the social
inequality in the society, the gap between the rich and
the poor, and expresses her sympathy for the poor.
During this period, the poet expressed the joy of life in
her cheerful and cheerful ghazals expressing her inner
feelings, excitement, and love, emdiving sincere
love, pure loyalty, loyalty to the country, joy of life, joy,
and happiness.
In several ghazals, the poetess sang about the
importance of the interests of the people over the
interests of the khan. He emphasized that a just king or
governor, a khan, must live with the pain of the people,
not offend them and act in their interests; He said that
he was useless and called him to be a philanthropist.
The poetess criticizes arrogance, boasting, arrogance,
careerism, attachment to the throne in Tajik language,
and praises honesty, generosity, justice and balance of
mind, acting bravely, and living with people's pain and
concern.
In Nadira's socio-philosophical views on the political
issues of her time, it can be seen that her actions
towards such patriotism and justice were limited to a
certain extent.
Despite this, he took a bold step among the
enlightened people of his time, against the arrogance
of corrupt and selfish officials who wanted to
implement their inappropriate intentions in the feudal
society, respecting fairness and justice and human
dignity.
Her contemporaries envied Nadira's intelligence. Thus,
one of the poets was the enlightened poetess Dilshod
Barno (1800-1905). His favorite teacher was Nadira and
Uvaisi, patron of poetry. The poetess herself described
it as: "The poems of the great horses Jahanbibi and
Nadira Khanim give strength to my soul." Dedicating
special poems to Dilshad Nadira, he describes her with
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
117
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
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05
Pages:
111-117
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the qualities of "the star of the sky of literature and
poetry", "the ghazal house of usshoks", "the sugar-
scattering nightingale".
After Uzbekistan gained independence, in 1992, the
200th anniversary of the birth of the enlightened
poetess was widely celebrated in Kokanshahr, Andijan
and other cities. The festive mood was shared with the
scientific conferences, conventions and gala evenings
held in our capital. During these years, the books "Davr
Nodirasi" and "Ey sarvi ravon" were published. In 1994,
the publishing house "Fan" published another new
publication of Uzbek enlightened poets, consisting of
"Poems of Uvaysiy and Nadira". In cities and villages,
cinemas, streets, libraries and cultural centers named
after this great sage and enlightening creator were
built.
He had an indomitable will, an unquenchable
character, and a desire to spread enlightenment while
living in the pain of the people until the last moments
of his life. Only generations like us, worthy of a poetess,
need to join forces to build New Uzbekistan and the
Third Renaissance.
REFERENCES
1.
Kadirova M. Nodira: life and work. T., "Science"
1965.
2.
Photocopy of Nadira's book in Uzbek.
3.
V. Zohidov, from the history of Uzbek literature. T.,
"Uzadabiynashar" 1961.
4.
Nadira. "Haft gulshan". UzSSR FA Institute of
Oriental Studies, inv. 1801.
5.
Avazmuhammad
Attar
Khoqandi.
"Tarihi
jahonnomoi" ("History that shows the world") is
the first volume of Avazmuhammad's work, which
is kept in a single copy at the Institute of Oriental
Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St.
Petersburg. It was written in 1284-1876-78 AH.
6.
Abu Ubaidullah Toshkandi. Summary of the
situation. // Manuscript. OZR FASHI, #2084
7.
"Ansab us-salo-tin va tavorikh al-khavoqin" by
Mirza Olim Mushrif (published under the title
"History of the Khanate of Koqan". Tashkent, 1995;
scientific edition in Russian by Salijon Yoldoshev.
Tashkent, 2007)
8.
The manuscripts of the poet's books are in the
funds of the Institute of Oriental Studies named
after Beruniy and the Institute of Manuscripts
named after H.S. Sulaimanov of UzRFA. Inventory
4182.
9.
Rare. Devon, Volume 2, Book 3, 1968-72.
10.
Rare. Ghazals. State publishing house of fiction
literature of the UZSSR. T., 1958.
11.
Mirziyoyev Sh.M. New Uzbekistan strategy. T.,
"Uzbekistan" publishing house, 2001.
12.
Literary heritage of Dilshodi Barnova. "Irfon"
publishing house, Dushanbe, 1970.
