Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
48
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
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05
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SJIF
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Functional efficiency of management processes of textile enterprises in the world is based on a sequence of
production processes, the organization and management of integrated textile industry clusters, increasing
management efficiency based on the use of internal capacity of enterprises, management mechanisms of enterprises
included in the cluster, ready-to-eat textile products A number of scientific studies are being conducted to improve
the value chain in production, increase the competitiveness of clusters through competitive advantages.
KEYWORDS
Cluster, industry, management, mechanisms, modern information, communication technologies.
INTRODUCTION
The history of the development of socio-economic
systems shows that development occurs under the
influence of changes based on certain laws. The
theories of economic development that have been
formed to date show that changes that have taken
place over a period of time have taken place on the
basis of specific twists and turns in the development of
the world economy.
The first form of theories of economic development is
the classical theory, the founders of which have argued
in their scientific views that economic growth and
development occur on the basis of the ratio of
Research Article
PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND
CLUSTERING OF ENTERPRISES IN UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
May 13, 2023,
Accepted Date:
May 18, 2023,
Published Date:
May 23, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue05-10
Sultonova Nazokatxon Otabekovna
Student Of Fergana State University Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
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Publisher:
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Servi
aggregate
demand
to
aggregate
supply.
Representatives of neoclassical theory J. Keynes, R.
Solow, R. Harrod and E. Domar expanded the
approaches proposed in classical theory and
theoretically studied the influence of different levels of
factors on the balance of resources in modern
conditions.
The post-industrial model, based on the industrial
model of economic growth, focuses on the changes in
the classical theory under the influence of globalization
and scientific and technological progress. The new
model of post-industrial and development focuses on
material production and the concentration of the
necessary structures around it, showing that the
advantages of industries and sectors depend on the
availability of resources and convenience of
geographical location.
Today, in the development of material production
industries in all countries of the world, special
attention is paid to the organization of production
enterprises in areas where the necessary resources are
available and easy to supply to consumers, as well as in
a complex way with the necessary structures.
Uzbekistan, one of the leading sectors of the national
economy, in particular, the textile industry, is
developing on the basis of competitive advantages
based on theories of economic growth. The formation
and development of the textile industry in our country
has a socio-economic, natural-climatic, geographical
and historical basis. This will allow the country to
establish enterprises with a large material and
technical base.
The stages of gradual development of the textile
industry in our country can be divided into the
following 6 periods (Figure 1):
Phase 1 - From the 90s of the XIX century to 1917. At this
stage, the formation of the first manufacturing
enterprises for industrial processing of cotton, which is
the main raw material for the textile industry, took
place. As a result of the export of products produced
by these enterprises to neighboring countries and
Russia, a value chain was formed, which in turn led to
the expansion of the area under cotton.
The main features of the development of the industry
at this stage are the ownership of local and foreign
entrepreneurs, competition at the regional level and
the fact that the industry specializes only in primary
processing of raw materials.
Phase 2 - From 1917 to 1941. At this stage, the first
enterprises processing raw cotton in the country were
formed first as artels, and then as industrial enterprises
as a result of their expansion. During this period, the
textile industry in the light industry was transformed
into a one-way system of primary processing of raw
cotton grown in the country to the textile complexes
in the Central regions of the former Soviet Union. In the
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
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(2021:
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OCLC
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
second stage, the main features of the development of
the industry are the transformation of enterprises into
public property, the formation of a system of supply of
raw materials to the textile complexes formed in the
central regions of the former Soviet Union and the
organization of production planning.
Phase 3 - 1941 to 1970s. At this stage, a textile complex
was formed as a result of the relocation of textile
enterprises of the secondary and subsequent deep
processing of raw cotton from the Central Black Earth
zones due to the Second World War. As a result of the
relocation of more than 100 enterprises to the territory
of the country during the war, a network of ready-to-
eat textile products was formed. In the post-war years,
the country's territory began to be transformed into a
region that would meet the demand of the former
Soviet Union for textiles. While this has led to the
development and expansion of the network on the one
hand, on the other hand, only the primary and
secondary processing of network enterprises has
maintained the industry’s one
-way, i.e. raw material
supply trend.
Phase 4 is the period from the 1970s to independence.
At this stage, the country's agricultural cotton sector
and textile industry have become the main raw
material base of the textile industry of the former
Soviet Union. The cultivation of raw cotton in more
than 85% of agricultural lands has led to the rapid
development of the industry. These changes are based
on the fact that about 10% of raw materials in the
industry are transferred to deep processing. The
country has developed a network of textile machinery
and improved the technology at existing enterprises.
However, only the initial processing of the raw material
led to a low growth of the value chain in the system.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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SJIF
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(2021:
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(2023:
7.
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Phase 1
(from the 90s of the XIX century
to 1917)
At this stage, cotton, which is the main raw material
for the textile industry, has recently formed the first
industrial processing enterprises on an industrial
basis from the Russian colony.
Phase 2
(1917 to 1941)
At this stage, the first enterprises processing raw
cotton in the country were formed first as artels, and
then as industrial enterprises as a result of their
expansion.
Phase 3
(1941 to 1970)
At this stage, a textile complex was formed as a
result of the relocation of textile enterprises of the
secondary and subsequent deep processing of raw
cotton from the Central Black Earth Zones to the
territory of the country as a result of the Second
World War.
Phase 4
(Period from 1970 to
independence)
At this stage, the country's agricultural cotton sector
and textile industry have become the main raw
material base of the textile industry of the former
Soviet Union. The cultivation of raw cotton in more
than 85% of agricultural lands has led to the rapid
development of the industry. These changes have led
to the transfer of about 10% of raw materials in the
industry to deep processing.
Phase 5
(Period from 1991 to 2016)
In the first years of independence, channels for the
sale of products produced by existing enterprises of
the industry were formed, and a new system of
buyers was formed for the sale of the first processed
raw materials. On the basis of modernization of
technologies used in the textile industry, the
extension of the value chain was achieved by
increasing the share of finished products in final
consumption.
Phase 6
(2016 to present)
In order to increase the competitiveness of the
country's textile industry in the world market, to
expand the value chain from raw materials to final
consumer products, the process of transition to a
cotton-textile structure based on a vertical integrated
cluster model has begun.
Volume 03 Issue 05-2023
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 1. Stages of formation of the textile industry in Uzbekistan
Phase 5 is the period from 1991 to 2016. In the first years
after the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
channels for the sale of products produced by existing
enterprises of the industry were formed, and a new
system of buyers was formed for the sale of the first
processed raw materials. At this stage, on the basis of
modernization of technologies used in the textile
industry, the extension of the value chain was achieved
by increasing the share of finished products in final
consumption. The enterprises of the sector have been
gradually privatized, the share of the state has been
reduced, and the volume of textile products produced
and their share in exports have increased.
Phase 6 is the period from 2016 to the present. In order
to increase the competitiveness of the country's textile
industry in the world market, to expand the value chain
from raw materials to final consumer products, the
process of transition to a cotton-textile structure
based on a vertical integrated cluster model has begun.
As a result of reforms initiated by the state on the
integration of regional production capacities and the
establishment of clusters based on the principles of
corporate governance, 96 cotton-textile clusters were
established in 2016-2020. a deep processing process
was carried out.
As a result of structural changes in the above stages,
today the textile industry in our country has been
formed as a whole complex of organizational
structures, from the supplier of raw materials to the
sale of finished products.
Today, the light industry, which includes the textile,
clothing and leather and footwear industries, accounts
for 15.8% of total industrial output, 13% of fixed assets
and more than 13% of employment. It is also necessary
to have rich raw material bases (cotton, wool,
astrakhan, silk, oil, gas, etc.) for the development and
supply of all branches of light industry, as well as
sufficient conditions for the rapid development of the
economy (natural-climatic, regional and labor
resources). If we digitally refer to the growth rates of
industrial production in the industry, in 1991, 7% of
cotton fiber grown in the country was processed, and
today 40% of this product is processed by light industry
enterprises. By 2030, it is planned to process 100% of
raw cotton grown in the country and increase
production by 5.6 times.
Although significant progress has been made in the
textile industry as a result of the above-mentioned
structural changes, there are still many unresolved
issues in the sector. Today, the industry and the
supplier of raw materials to agricultural production
have the following main problems:
in cotton growing:
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
- Modernization of the existing material and technical
base of enterprises on the basis of advanced
technologies in order to ensure speed in production
processes;
- slow pace of implementation of modern methods of
corporate governance;
- Untimely measures to diversify the production
activities of ginneries, the idleness of most of the
production capacity;
- Lack of a healthy competitive environment between
industrial enterprises and agricultural producers and
the lack of favorable legal and organizational
conditions for their effective operation, resulting in a
decrease in the investment attractiveness of the
industry.
in the textile industry:
- non-compliance of the industry management system
with modern development trends of the industry;
- The introduction of modern quality management
systems in the laboratories of enterprises is low, which
hinders the export of domestic products to major
foreign markets, increasing the export potential of the
industry and increasing confidence in the quality and
safety of products;
- low share of the industry in the country's GDP.
At the same time, the presence of the following
common problems in all sectors necessitates their
implementation, including the following important
structural changes in the structure of the textile
industry and its activities:
- adequate introduction of modern information and
communication technologies; At the same time, a
system of control over the processes of receipt,
transportation and processing of raw materials and
sale of finished products will be formed;
- rational distribution of raw materials and production
resources, otherwise shortcomings in the organization
of logistics and engineering infrastructure can lead to a
significant stagnation of production capacity, increase
in production costs due to economic losses and
decrease in profitability;
- Ensuring a stable dominance of production and
export of semi-finished products in the enterprises of
the sector, the organization of the production of high
value-added finished products and the formation of
national brands capable of competing in world markets
will increase the income of industrial enterprises;
- Paying special attention to the system of training, the
introduction of innovative areas of training on current
issues of development of the industry and the
establishment of international cooperation to deepen
research, etc.
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Publisher:
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Servi
The purpose of the clusters is to focus on the creation
of competitive goods based on the organization of
innovative production - the integration of enterprises
of the same industry located in the city, district and
region and with them in a single technological chain of
education,
science,
engineering,
consulting,
standardization, certification and other services.
consists of. An important aspect of this is the
employment of the population in our economy.
The globalization and deepening of integration
processes in the world economy requires a
comprehensive study of both the internal strengths
and weaknesses of agribusiness, as well as its external
opportunities and risks in the market. One of these
opportunities is to organize an agro-industrial group on
a cluster model.
The cluster model is widely used in world practice as a
tool to increase the level of competitiveness of the
economic group, the region, the whole country. The
main features of the cluster model are:
- the possibility of increasing the group's share in
foreign markets; availability of favorable conditions
(raw materials, qualified personnel, infrastructure,
training centers, scientific institutions, etc.) in the area
where the enterprise is located;
- the breadth of opportunities for participants to
effectively participate in the group due to the strong
use of the group by the state, etc.
On the basis of the Resolution of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 21, 2016 No
PP-2687 "On the program of measures for the
development of the textile and garment industry for
2017-2021" was carried out. In accordance with the
Resolution of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated September 15, 2017 No PQ-3279 "On
measures to establish a modern cotton and textile
cluster in the Syrdarya region", developed as a logical
continuation of this normative document for the
accelerated development of the textile and clothing
industry. the first step was taken to cluster the textile
industry.
Also, in accordance with the Decree of the President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 14, 2017
No PF-5285 "On measures to accelerate the
development of the textile and garment industry" to
organize the production of a wide range of quality
textiles and garments in the country. Comprehensive
measures are being taken to increase the export
potential of producers.
The next stage of reforms to develop the activities of
cotton and textile clusters is the decision of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
September 16, 2019 No PP-4453 "On measures to
further develop the light industry and stimulate the
production of finished products" It began with the
adoption of Resolution No. PP-4633 of March 6, 2020
"On measures to widely introduce market principles in
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the cotton sector," which provides organizational and
legal aspects of the process of transfer of processing
systems to clusters and private entrepreneurship.
A cluster can be described as “development that
revolves around a single chain”. It w
as acknowledged
that the process consisted of four stages:
The first stage is the agricultural sector, which is the
main source of industrial raw materials, and this sector
includes the process from preparing the land for
planting to harvesting.
The second stage - the primary processing of raw
materials involves the conversion of the crop into
products such as fiber, seeds, seeds, as well as the
preparation of construction materials for the
construction industry from cotton stalks.
The third stage is a deep processing process, in which
the primary products obtained from raw cotton
become finished products for consumption. In
particular, fiber is used to make yarn and fabrics, ready-
made clothes, vegetable oil from seeds, household
soap, animal feed, pharmaceutical products.
In the fourth stage, the first and fourth stages are
interconnected - a real chain is formed.
As a result of the process of clustering of cotton and
cotton processing industries, as well as the
infrastructure
systems
associated
with
the
organization of their activities, today in the country
there are a total of 94 cotton and textile clusters.
Cotton-textile clusters cultivated 906,313 hectares of
land in 2020, which is 87.7% of the total area under
cotton in the country. In the past period of cultivation
of raw cotton in agricultural enterprises within the
existing cotton-textile clusters, due to the involvement
of advanced modern innovative technologies, cotton
yield has increased by an additional 10 quintals per
hectare.
Currently, the main activities of cotton and textile
clusters to obtain high-yield cotton are as follows
(Figure 1.2):
- Phosphorus fertilizers and chemicals used in pest
control
during
agro-technical
processing
are
purchased from abroad (Russia, Kazakhstan) to feed
the sown areas, as well as from China, Turkey, Russia,
USA, Australia, Sweden and other countries;
- Seed sowing is carried out on modern 6, 8, 10, 12 rows
of special pneumatic seed drills made in China, USA,
Turkey, France, Germany, Sweden;
- In areas where cotton is difficult to irrigate, the work
is carried out with the introduction of modern drip
irrigation technologies and the production of raw
cotton from 50 to 60 quintals per hectare;
- Cotton-textile production and clusters use modern
methods of cotton picking, including harvesting on
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
cotton picking machines manufactured in the USA
(John Deere), Germany (Case), China and other
countries.
Significant changes in the quantity and quality of the
textile industry were observed in a short period of time
as a result of the establishment and development of
cotton-textile clusters, which produce textiles and raw
materials, as well as integrate the infrastructure
systems associated with the activities of both sectors.
In particular, the share of the industry in the country's
industrial production will increase from 12.4% in 2016 to
14.7% in 2020, with industrial revenues reaching 1.5
billion. $ 4.2 billion. dollars. According to the analysis, in
2021 this figure will reach 5.9 billion. dollars.
As a result of structural changes, the redistribution of
income in the textile processing system in 2016
accounted for 51.8% of the second redistribution, 16.5%
of the third redistribution and 31.7% of the fourth
redistribution. , 2%, 19.8%, and 42.3%, respectively. In
other words, with the organization of activities based
on a cluster approach, the share of the finished
product in the value chain in the value chain has
increased.
Areas of activity carried out by cotton-textile clusters to obtain high-yield cotton
Processing of phosphorus fertilizers imported from developed countries to feed the
sown areas
Treatment of pests with chemicals imported from agriculturally developed
countries
Use of 6, 8, 10, 12-row pneumatic seed drills manufactured in the agricultural
machinery industry of developed countries for sowing seeds
Introduction of modern drip irrigation technologies in areas where it is difficult to
irrigate cotton fields
Use of cotton picking machines manufactured in the USA (John Deere), Germany
(Case), China and other countries for the collection of raw cotton
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Figure 1.2. Areas of activity of cotton-textile clusters to increase the productivity of raw cotton
The development of the network on the basis of a
cluster approach leads not only to economic efficiency,
but also to an increase in social efficiency. If in 2016
there were a total of 100 thousand jobs in the industry,
in 2020 this figure was 315 thousand jobs, an increase
of 3.15 times compared to 2016. There is also a
significant (4 times more) increase in the volume of
payments to the budget of enterprises in the sector.
At the current stage of economic development in the
country, regional cotton and textile clusters play an
important role in determining the development of the
entire agro-industrial complex. Because the cotton-
textile cluster covers not only light industry, but also
dozens of sectors such as agriculture, food industry,
pharmaceuticals, construction products.
The fact that the formation of clusters in the light
industry and textile system in Uzbekistan is carried out
not on a national scale, but on the basis of specific
socio-economic and natural conditions in the regions -
is a factor of success in this area.
Today, the use of the cluster mechanism, which is a
novelty for the national economy, an innovative type
of modern industry, in particular, in cotton and textile
clusters are being created production facilities for 100%
processing in the form of "cultivation of raw cotton -
processing - finished products." Because with the
achievement of this process in the cotton-textile
clusters through the preparation of lands for the
cultivation of raw cotton, planting, cultivating,
harvesting, processing and deep processing of
products from primary processing to produce high
quality products that meet international standards and
the enterprises engaged in their realization are united
in a single management system.
The application of new forms and methods of
management in agriculture and related industries in
the country will lay the foundation for the rapid
development of the country's economy, in particular,
its branches related to the agricultural sector.
Establishment of agro-industrial clusters, in particular
cotton-textile clusters, is aimed at:
- further deepening of structural changes and
reduction of state interference in the activities of
agricultural enterprises;
- Encouraging foreign investment to create an
integrated cluster system for the innovative
development of the agro-industrial complex, in
particular, its textile industry;
- Introduction of effective methods for the cultivation
of raw cotton and the organization of deep processing
of textile raw materials;
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
- Improving the efficiency of production in the cotton
industry and linking wages to its results, etc.
Development of the textile industry through a cluster
system is aimed at achieving the following goals:
- development of production, investment activities and
employment;
- Improving the quality of products by reducing the
cost of production, and ultimately achieving the
competitiveness of goods;
- The introduction of new technologies and innovations
will increase the country's prestige in regional and
global markets and ensure the competitiveness of
products.
In general, cotton and textile clusters serve as a
"driver" of economic growth for the development of
the country's economy. It ensures the production of
value-added,
competitive
and
export-oriented
products and enhances the free competitive
advantage of individual enterprises in the industrial
sector.
The development of individual industries or sectors on
the basis of a cluster approach in recent years in the
process of economic development of countries around
the world requires research in the context of the
current situation when considering an issue that is a
field of study. Taking this into account, the
development of the industrial market based on the
formation of clusters of the textile industry, which is
one of the directions of effective use of industrial
sectors in our country, is recognized as a promising
direction.
First, let’s take a closer look at the essence of the term
cluster. Many countries have extensive experience in
the development of cluster economies, and definitions
of clusters are given in various literatures. According to
M. Porter, the initiator of cluster theory, a cluster is a
group of companies (suppliers, manufacturers, etc.)
that are interconnected by general and external
relations in a particular field and their main activities
(educational institutions, government agencies,
infrastructure) is a geographically close group.
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