Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
90
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses of Uzbekistan have long been famous as centers of science, and libraries have played a major
role in this. Especially in the 9th-12th centuries, during the reign of Amir Temur and the Timurids, huge libraries were
established in the country, and science flourished. In the following centuries, in particular, during the khanate period,
there were large libraries in the large cities of the region, in particular, in the cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva,
Kokan, in the palaces of the rulers.
KEYWORDS
First libraries, organization (public), individual (private library), bibliography, readers, documentary sources.
INTRODUCTION
A library (Arab. kutub
–
“books”, Persian. khana –
“house”) is a place where information is collected.
Information can be in the form of books, newspapers,
magazines, video and audiotapes, optical discs, etc.
Libraries can be organized by an organization (public)
or an individual (private library).
A library is a cultural, educational and scientific
institution that provides public access to printed and
some manuscript works; regularly engages in
collecting, storing, promoting and delivering printed
works, as well as information and bibliography, and is
active in raising the cultural level of the public. Service
to book readers is the main activity of library and all
Research Article
LIBRARY MANAGEMENT AND ITS HISTORY
Submission Date:
December 16, 2022,
Accepted Date:
December 21, 2022,
Published Date:
December 26, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue12-14
Sharifa N. Turapova
Lecturer Of The Faculty Of National Dress And Art Of Termiz State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
91
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
other activities (such as building and organizing the
book fund, elucidating the contents of the fund,
delivering it to readers) serve for the main activity. The
main goal of providing services to readers is to satisfy
their needs for information and literature as fully as
possible and to help them choose literature. According
to its type, each library divides readers into classes and
organizes service by dividing them into separate
groups of readers. All forms and methods of literature
promotion are aimed at meeting the needs of readers
as fully and quickly as possible.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
The emergence of writing and the proliferation of
documentary sources, especially manuscripts and later
printed books, created conditions for the emergence
and development of libraries. Libraries have existed
since ancient times as a repository of written records.
In the 2nd millennium BC, there were Libraries where
ceramic inscriptions were kept. In the middle of the 7th
century BC, many palaces in the East had libraries in
ancient Egyptian and Roman temples. The most
famous of the ancient libraries is the Library of
Alexandria (Iskandaria).
West. In Europe, in the early Middle Ages, libraries
were established under monasteries and temples. The
invention of printing opened a new era in the
development of libraries. Libraries began to appear
under the universities of Sarbon and Heidelberg, as
well as the Vatican Library, the Kirol Library in Paris.
The first libraries appeared in the territory of
Uzbekistan in the last centuries of the 1st millennium
BC. The first libraries were established in the palaces
and temples of the rulers. Turanian peoples had close
relations with Egypt, Iran, Greece and their
neighboring peoples, they were also familiar with
existing manuscripts of those times. The history of the
peoples of Uzbekistan, written monuments have not
been preserved. According to Beruni, book treasures
and their keepers were destroyed during various
conquests (7th-9th centuries). Science and culture
developed in Central Asia in the 9th-10th centuries.
Libraries were established in the palaces of the rulers
of Bukhara, Samarkand, Marv, Urganch and other large
cities. There is information that there are many
Libraries, especially in Bukhara. The most famous, the
richest and largest of them was the Somanii dynastic
Library. There were libraries near madrassas and
mosques. There is information that there were 10 large
libraries in the city of Marv on the eve of the Mongol
invasion. In the 13th century, Samarkand, Bukhara,
Fergana, Balkh and other cities were cultural centers,
gathering places for scholars, and they had large
libraries.
The resurgence of cultural life in Central Asia from the
second half of the 14th century was also reflected in
the revival of libraries. Opened to the public by Sheikh
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
92
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Muhammad Porso at the end of the 14th century, it
functioned as a foundation library until the 1940s.
There were libraries in big madrasas in Bukhara,
Samarkand, Karshi, Khiva and other cities, and their
funds were in the building of the madrasa. and it was
different depending on the prestige. According to
some historical sources, the private libraries of the likes
of Beruni, Ibn Sina, Firdawsi, Zamakhshari, Omar
Khayyam, the large library of Alisher Navoi rich in
valuable manuscripts, and the private library of
Abdurrahman Jami were famous. At the end of the
19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,
there were 3 richest private libraries in Bukhara, of
which the library of Qazi Muhammad Sharif Sadr Zia
has been fully preserved. At the beginning of the 20th
century, local Uzbek and Russian intellectuals were the
personal K. of General Jorabek, Muhammadali Khalfa
Sabir oglu, known as Dukchi Eshon, V. L. Vyatkin,
doctor G. M. Semenov, Abdurauf Fitrat and others.
In the 10-20s of the 20th century, there were 2
public libraries, several city libraries and others in the
territory of Turkestan. Representatives of the local
population used 2 national libraries and libraries
belonging to madrasas. At that time, these libraries
served as the main basis for the establishment of the
state library. Currently, a system of public, scientific
and special Libraries has been formed and is operating.
There are public, scientific and special types of
libraries in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Public libraries
use active and effective methods in sorting literature
and making it available to a wide readership,
promoting books for different readership groups, and
managing reading. This group includes urban and rural
libraries in the system of the Ministry of Culture of
Uzbekistan, libraries of trade unions in enterprises,
libraries in clubs, houses of culture.
Scientific and special libraries provide services to
scientists and specialists in various branches of science,
economy and culture, as well as meet the needs of
students of higher and special educational institutions.
Scientific libraries include large state, academy,
university and branch libraries; special libraries include
technical libraries, institutions, research institutes,
universities, etc. Depending on the content of the
stored literature, the library can be divided into
universal, multi-disciplinary and branch libraries.
Libraries, in turn, are divided into types depending on
their activity, regional level, affiliation (national library,
state library, regional library, youth library, agricultural
library, etc.). In the conditions of the development of
science and technology, a separate library is not able to
meet the needs of readers. Therefore, the process of
joint operation of libraries is being observed. This is
reflected in the centralization of Library networks.
The main task of any library is to collect, place and
serve the book collection. In order to accumulate the
book fund, the publications needed by this Library are
regularly monitored, determined and their collection is
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
93
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
carried out by the library collector. In addition, large
Libraries have the right to obtain full or partial control
copies of printed publications, as well as the
opportunity to purchase books from within the
country and from foreign countries. The level of service
to readers depends to some extent on the full
collection of the Library’s collection.
Correct organization of the book fund (accounting,
placement, storage and delivery to the reader) ensures
the use of literature for the reader, and the librarian
provides quick service to the reader, keeping the fund
as a social property.
There are various ways of providing services to the
reader: providing books to the reader through
subscription, reading room and mobile library; help
some readers and businesses choose books;
illumination of the book fund through the library
catalog system; creation of various information-
bibliography manuals, etc.
The development of modern scientific technology
complicates the work of libraries. The unprecedented
increase in the production of mass printed works
presents the problems of selecting, sorting and
intelligently storing large volumes of publications,
searching them by means of computers, and quickly
delivering them to the reader.
Changes in the conditions of library activity make
the task of replacing the traditional library equipment
with mechanization and automation urgent. In the
1950s and 1960s, the provision of equipment to
libraries increased somewhat. Some internal processes
of the Library (moving many books in large Libraries)
are carried out with the help of conveyors and
elevators, use of modern methods in joint use of book
stocks, use of the latest technology (including EHM)
and other applications. The new Library equipment
ensures efficient use of space, increases the
productivity of the librarian's work, helps readers to
work on literature, and fully meets the requirements of
production aesthetics.
Modern technology frees the librarian from
manual labor and allows him to devote more time to
his main task - carrying out cultural and educational
work with readers. The largest libraries in the world:
the US Library of Congress (Washington), the British
Library (London); National libraries of France, Austria,
Sweden, Japan and other countries, the Russian State
Library (Moscow), the Russian National Library (St.
Petersburg) and others, the National Library of
Uzbekistan in Uzbekistan, the Main Library of the
Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, the Main Library
of the National University of Uzbekistan, “Turon”
library and others
According to Sadri Zia, at the beginning of the 20th
century, there were 13 libraries and 96 reading rooms
in the city of Bukhara alone. Manuscripts in Chinese,
Uyghur, Pashto, Persian, Arabic and other languages
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
94
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
are stored in the library of the ruler’s palace in Bukhara.
Librarians, bookkeepers, pamphleteers and mirzas
worked in the library. Along with the personal
collections of the emirs, 47,500 volumes of
manuscripts and lithographic books in various
languages are stored in the palace library. The richest
private library in the city of Bukhara belonged to
Amirzada Hashmat. He was the son of the emir of
Bukhara, Muzaffar, and he left several works. There
were several other large private libraries in the
country.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the leaders
of the Jadidist movement founded the first public
libraries in order to widely promote enlightenment in
the cities of the region. The literature collected in these
libraries, which were established at the expense of
their personal funds and donations, differed from the
palace libraries in terms of content and direction,
reflected the spirit of the times, and had an important
role in shaping the worldview of the masses, especially
young people.
In particular, in 1908 in Namangan Ishakjon’s son Ibrat
established a library called Kutubkhanai Ishakqiya
under the first publishing house called Matbaai
Ishakqiya. Also, in the city of Bukh
ara, the “Marifat”
library will be established by the “Young Bukhara”
movement. The “Marifat” library contained new
literature, newspapers and magazines published in the
country and abroad. The library contained samples of
“Hikmat”, “Sirotil Mustaqim”, “Tarifi Muslimin”
magazines published in Istanbul, “Tarjiman”, “Irshad”,
“Vaqt” newspapers and “Shoro” magazine published
in Russia, as well as samples of modern press published
in Turkestan. In 1913, the “Nashriyoti Behbudiya’ library
was founded in Samarkand by Mahmudhoja Behbudiy
to publish textbooks for new method schools and
develop the local press. In addition to modern
literature, the library also collected samples of the
press of that time, religious and historical literature. In
1914, a library was es
tablished under the “Turon”
society in Tashkent. In 1915, Hamza Hakimzada
founded the “Ghayrat” library in the city of Kokan.
In those days, the main purpose of creating
libraries was first of all to regularly familiarize young
people,
school
teachers,
madrasa
students,
intellectuals with new literature, textbooks, press,
because it was impossible to find these literatures and
newspapers anywhere else.
Today, the head of our state, Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
is of incomparable importance for instilling noble
values and traditions in the life of the society, especially
in raising the spiritual and intellectual potential of our
people, especially the young generation, in raising the
consciousness and worldview, in raising a well-
rounded person who lives with love and loyalty to the
Motherland and its people. paying special attention to
increasing the culture of reading, on January 13, 2017
and September 13 of this year, "On the program of
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
95
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
comprehensive measures for the development of the
system of publishing and distribution of book
products, increasing and promoting book reading and
reading culture" and Decisions and orders on the
creation of a commission for the promotion of reading,
local governments in each city and district to establish
stores specializing in the sale of books, to support
them, to benefit business entities with the status of a
legal entity It is planned to ensure the free use of non-
expropriated state property objects, to form their
material and technical base, and most importantly, to
establish modern bookstores in the localities.
CONCLUSION
In particular, in the center of the city of Bukhara, an
“Enlightenment Station” was established in the
building of a modern bookstore in the local sector of
libraries and district centers. Thousands of young
people from Bukhara can visit and read books or buy
books at the “Bukhara Book World” store alone.
Also, on March 19, 2019, in order to meaningfully
organize the free time of young people, the initiative of
forming a culture of reading among young people was
put forward in the "5 important initiatives" program. In
order to improve the effectiveness of work in this
regard, the Republican Spirituality and Enlightenment
Center held a number of contests, creative evenings,
and actions. A collection of fiction literature was
presented to the local library and active young people
during the action “Sharing Enlightenment to Children”
and “Give Children a Book” in the direction of reading
alone.
The work in this regard will definitely bear fruit one
day. Already, our President said, “You can’t achieve
development and high spirituality without books.”
-
Every state, every nation in the world is powerful
primarily because of its intellectual potential and high
spirituality. They say that the source of such invincible
power is, first of all, the great discovery of human
thought - in books and libraries.
REFERENCES
1.
Rafols, I., Porter, A. L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2010).
Science overlay maps: A new tool for research
policy and library management. Journal of the
American Society for information Science and
Technology, 61(9), 1871-1887.
2.
Moran, B. B., & Morner, C. J. (2017). Library and
information center management. ABC-CLIO.
3.
Azwar, M. (2013). Membangun Sistem Otomasi
Perpustakaan
dengan
Senayan
Library
Management System (SLiMS). Khizanah al-
Hikmah: Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi,
dan Kearsipan, 1(1), 19-33.
4.
Clark, R. N., Swayze, G. A., King, T. V., Gallagher,
A. J., & Calvin, W. M. (1993, October). The US
Geological Survey, digital spectral reflectance
library: Version 1: 0.2 to 3.0 microns. In JPL,
Volume 02 Issue 12-2022
96
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
12
Pages:
90
-96
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Summaries of the 4th Annual JPL Airborne
Geoscience Workshop. Volume 1: AVIRIS
Workshop.
5.
Egunjobi, R. A., & Awoyemi, R. A. (2012). Library
automation with Koha. Library Hi Tech News.
6.
Cook, C., Heath, F. M., & Thompson, B. (2002).
Score norms for improving library service
quality: A LibQUAL+ study. portal: Libraries and
the Academy, 2(1), 13-26.
