Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
78
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In this article, information about the medical history of the Turkestan ASSR stored in the National Archives of
Uzbekistan, medical conditions, and the establishment of specialized departments of eye, ear, and nerve diseases in
newly formed narrow specialties in hospitals. Also, documents on the opening of a number of new hospitals,
establishment of medical education and training of medical specialists from the representatives of the local population
were studied from the source point of view.
KEYWORDS
National archive of Uzbekistan, Turkestan ASSR medicine, fund, list, collection, hospitals, diseases, history.
INTRODUCTION
In the documents stored in the National Archives of
Uzbekistan, we can get information about the history
of health care of the Turkestan ASSR from the R-40
fund. This fund is a database formed and preserved in
the processes related to the administrative field of
healthcare institutions of the Turkestan ASSR. Before
covering the documents of this fund, we will give
information about the place and development of the
health sector in the history of Uzbekistan. In the history
of our country, the field of "Healthcare", i.e., medical
science, has its roots for several centuries.
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Research Article
ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS ON HEALTH CARE ISSUES OF TURKEY ASSR
Submission Date:
November 01, 2022,
Accepted Date:
November 05, 2022,
Published Date:
November 18, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue11-12
Lutfiya I. Salomova
Lecturer, National University Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
79
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The most developed period of medical science in
Uzbekistan corresponds, for example, to the
renaissance period. In particular, special buildings for
hospitals began to be built in Movarounnahr and
Khorasan in the 8th-9th centuries. By the 15th century,
it can be seen that the number of hospitals in cities
such as Samarkand and Bukhara increased by several.
Such public hospitals were called "Dor ush-shifa"
("Healing house"), and learned doctors of the time
worked in them. In most hospitals, doctors are also
engaged in medical science in addition to treating
patients. Medical works from Greek and other
languages were translated into Arabic, and their
recommendations were put into practice. Eastern
thinkers, not limited to these works, also made a great
contribution to the development of medical science.
Examples include Abu Rayhan Beruni's "Pharmacology
in Medicine" ("Kitob assaydana fittib"), Abu Ali Ibn
Sina's "Medical Laws" ("Al Qonun fittib"), these works
are known to have been the main guide in world
medicine for a long time. is an event.
In later periods, medical medicine became the main
form of health care in Turkestan[1].
By the 20s of the last century, a number of other works
were carried out in this regard. In particular, the
People's Commissariat of Health was created, and the
existing hospitals, outpatient clinics and other medical
institutions in the country were transferred to the
state. Mobile detachments were formed to treat and
fight against epidemics, a bacteriological laboratory
was put into operation, and hospitals with a total
number of about 7 thousand beds were opened.
Diseases such as smallpox, cholera, rabies, malaria,
trachoma, leishmaniosis have been largely eradicated
in the country, and tuberculosis, skin diseases and
other diseases have decreased significantly[2].
The material and technical base of the Healthcare
system in the country was gradually expanded and
strengthened. Departments of eye, ear, and nerve
diseases specializing in narrow specialties were
established in large hospitals in Tashkent. Also, a
number of new hospitals were opened, a new hospital
was opened in Samarkand, a children's hospital in
Kokand, a special hospital for treating patients with
physiotherapeutic methods was opened in Fargona. In
1919, a 150-bed physiotherapy institute was established
in Tashkent on the basis of a small private hospital in
this area. In 1920, the first anti-tuberculosis dispensary
started working in Tashkent. In 1922, a medical sanitary
control organization was established. In 1924, a
dispensary for skin and genitourinary diseases was
opened in Tashkent, and an institute of tropical
medicine was opened in Bukhara (now the research
institute of medical parasitology in Samarkand). By
1924, 6 tropical stations and their local branches were
operating in Turkestan. In 1924, the republic had 53
hospitals, 151 outpatient clinics (79 of them in rural
areas), 40 paramedic stations and other institutions.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
80
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
It was from these years that special attention was paid
to the establishment of medical education and the
training of medical specialists from representatives of
the local population. In 1918, the first medical school
was opened in Tashkent - now the Republican Medical
School named after Okhunboboev, and a year later, a
higher medical school was opened. Paramedic courses,
short-term surgical courses, and nursing courses were
organized in this school. In 1920, the Higher Medical
School was transformed into the Faculty of Medicine
within the Central Asian State University. In order to
prepare young people to study at this faculty, working
faculties were opened in many cities of the Republic,
and young men and women of Uzbek and other local
population were attracted to them. Central Asian State
University played an important role not only in the
training of highly educated medical personnel, but also
in the opening of new medical schools in the region[3].
On November 23, 1917, the People's Commissariat of
Health of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic was established.
It was terminated on November 24, 1924 due to the
national territorial division of the Central Asian
Republics.
This fund covers the period 1917-1924, and we can get
information about the departments opened in the field
of health care.
1. Administrative and organizational department of the
Health Commissariat (1917-1923);
1.1. Personal documents (1921-1923);
2. General Secretariat (1918-1919 years.);
3. Military sanitary department (1918-1919);
4. Sanitary-epidemiological department (1918-1924);
1.
Statistical records of the department (1920);
2.
Chemical-pharmaceutical department (1918-
1919);
3.
Minutes of the department's farewell meeting
(1919, 1921, 1924);
4.
Treatment department (1919-1924 years.);
5.
Department of Veterinary Medicine (1919);
6.
Department of Railways;
7.
Department of Communications of the Railway
Department (1919-1920);
8.
Department of Finance (1919);
9.
Sanitary and educational department (1920);
(Otdel sanitary promotion)
10.
Department of maternal and child health
(1920-1923);
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
81
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
11.
Sanitary-administrative-transport department
(1921) [4].
This Fund includes minutes, letters and orders of the
meeting committee of the People's Commissariat of
Health of the Turkestan ASSR; the regulations of the
People's Commissariat of Health and its related
institutions, the materials of the meeting of the heads
of the regional health department (1921-1922), on the
organization of hospitals, clinics, medical centers, and
the provision of medical care and collected information
on the training of medical personnel.
Documents about the state of health in the Republic of
Turkestan; reports of the treatment, sanitary-
educational, pharmaceutical departments and the
Department of Maternal and Child Health (1918-1924),
malaria stations and the team of the National
Bacteriological Institute, cholera and there are reports
of anti-plague activities. There are also letters and
correspondence about opening medical schools and
courses for the local population, publishing medical
literature, organizing lectures and exhibitions, medical
institutions, medical personnel and epidemic diseases
in the Republic of Turkestan. statistics, and estimates
of health care costs can also be obtained [5].
Specialists with medical knowledge and qualifications
are definitely required for the development of
medicine in the country. Training of medical specialists
was carried out for the first time at the People's
University of Turkestan, which was opened in Tashkent
on April 21, 1918. Initially, it was the Turkestan People's
University under the People's Commissariat of
Turkestan until 1918-1919, the Turkestan State
University under the People's Commissariat of
Turkestan in 1919-1920, the State University of
Turkestan under the People's Commissariat of the
RSFSR in 1920-1923, and the People's Education of the
USSR in 1923-1925. State University of Central Asia
under the Commissariat of Education, State University
of Central Asia under the Commissariat of Public
Education of the USSR until August 7, 1925. again
transferred to the State University of Central Asia
under the Commissariat of Public Education of the
USSR, changed to the State University of Central Asia
under the Ministry of Education of the USSR in 1946-
1960 [6].
Since 1917, medical services have been provided by the
state in the republic, and medical care has been
provided free of charge to the population.
Severe diseases such as malaria, rabies, dysentery,
trachoma, plague, cholera, smallpox, and various acute
intestinal diseases were widespread in Turkestan,
which killed thousands of people every year.
Malaria was the leading disease in the country. It is not
clear how many people were infected with malaria in
the territory of Uzbekistan before the revolution.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
82
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
With the spread of three-day malaria, periodic
epidemics of tropical malaria have risen, and this has
taken the character of a national disaster.
The backwardness of the country's economic and
public medical services did not allow to eliminate the
epidemic disaster.
In 1918, a microbiological laboratory was established in
Tashkent, which played a major role in the eradication
of epidemic diseases, and in 1919 itself, Order No. 4 "On
the organization of medical and sanitary work in the
Republic" was adopted. (Narcom M.A. Orlov). From
this time, a planned and systematic study of the
country's diseases begins.
After the revolution, K.I. Skryabin, Ye.N. Pavlovsky,
Ye.I. Marsinovsky, A.K. Grekov, L.M. Isaev, N.I.
Khodukin and others.
From 1918 to 1923, at the time of the fierce struggle
against hunger, in 1920 there was an armed war against
the revolution (on the fronts of the Ferghana Empire,
Trans-Caspian, Orenburg, and Yettisuv). In February
1920, the fronts were destroyed, relations with
Moscow, the center, improved, and the State
University was established in Tashkent with Lenin's
signature. After that, medicine began to develop in
Central Asia. Major medical scientists begin to arrive,
and expeditions are organized on their initiative.
CONCLUSION
Thus, in 1921, 1922 and 1923, special expeditions were
organized to study tropical diseases in Uzbekistan. The
study of tropical diseases is mainly carried out by
Professor A.N. The tropical clinic at the Faculty of
Medicine of the Central Asian State University (SAGU)
(formerly the Tashkent State Medical Institute) headed
by Kryukov worked. He came from the center to
establish a medical department at the University of
Turkestan.
As a conclusion, it can be shown that the field of
medicine is one of the developed fields that has a
special place in the history of Uzbekistan. This field has
its own special history in every era. It is considered one
of the most important areas for humanity. To develop
the field of medicine, it is important to know its history.
We receive from the R-40 fund about the state of
health in the Republic of Turkestan, the reports of
treatment,
sanitary-educational,
pharmaceutical
departments, departments of child and maternal
protection, malaria stations and the team of the
country's bacteriological institute, there are reports of
activities against cholera and pestilence.
REFERENCES
1.
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sog%CA%BBliqni_
saqlash
2.
Назиров Ф. F.. Она ва бола саломатлиги
йулида, Т., 2001.
Volume 02 Issue 11-2022
83
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
11
Pages:
78
-83
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
3.
Назиров Ф. F.. Она ва бола саломатлиги
йулида, Т., 2001.
4.
F.R-40, historical reference, 1-3 pages
5.
Putevoditel po Otdelu fondov Oktabrkoy
revolyusii i sotsialistichkskogo stroitelstvo, 36
b.
6.
Salomova, L. I. (2021). TYPES OF DOCUMENTS
ON THE HISTORY OF THE TURKESTAN
CENTURY KEPT IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
OF
UZBEKISTAN.
CURRENT
RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF HISTORY (2767-472X), 2(11), 73-
77.
7.
Salomova, L. (2020). THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE
OF UZBEKISTAN IS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY
OF
THE
TURKESTAN
ASSR
WATER
DEPARTMENT. Theoretical & Applied Science,
(10), 457-460.
