Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
25
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
25
-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article reveals the level of study of the concept of poverty and poverty, its causes, economic and social factors.
Poverty reduction is described as a process inextricably linked with factors such as unemployment and poverty.
KEYWORDS
Poverty, poverty, the poor, underprivileged, standard of living, state program.
INTRODUCTION
A person’s lack of choices and opportunities
throughout his life, the presence of obstacles to full
participation in society, in addition to feeding and
clothing his/her family, getting an education or
receiving treatment in a hospital, it is manifested in the
lack of employment opportunities that allow to
operate in a certain field or to earn income, as well as
limited access to credit. Also, poverty is defined as the
social marginalization, helplessness and helplessness
of people, households and communities in the face of
dangers (From the UN Economic Commission for
Europe “Handbook on Poverty Measurement”, New
York, Geneva, 2017). Based on the above definitions
and methodologies, the stratum of the population
Research Article
POVERTY AND FACTORS CAUSING IT
Submission Date:
September 10, 2022,
Accepted Date:
September 20, 2022,
Published Date:
September 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue09-05
Sheravatova Sabokhat
Master Student, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
26
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
25
-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
whose total income (or expenditure) does not reach
the defined poverty threshold based on the
methodology for determining poverty adopted
separately is called poor, The stratum that cannot
meet the basic needs for living can be recognized as a
beggarly population.
One of the important components of human security is
defined as freedom from poverty, freedom from fear,
and living with a sense of self-worth. Threats to people
are for their survival (physical exploitation, torture,
persecution, death), for livelihood (unemployment,
health, danger, food shortage, etc.) and in order to
know one’s worth (restriction of human rights,
inequality,
segregation
(a
form
of
racial
discrimination), exclusion, discrimination, etc.) is
considered a threat. Experiencing poverty and poverty
is an economic threat to a person and indicates that
his/her economic security is not ensured. Therefore,
the fight against poverty and poverty and their
reduction is one of the important areas of ensuring
personal economic security.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
In the scientific literature, poverty is an indicator of the
economic condition of a person or social groups who
do not have the opportunity to meet the minimum
needs necessary to get married, maintain the ability to
work, and continue the continuity of generations, it is
defined as a characteristic that reflects the economic
conditions of the inability of a social group or an
individual to meet the minimum needs necessary for
life. Poverty is a relative concept and depends on the
general standard of living in each society. According to
the deprivation approach, the concept of poverty
includes not only the inability to meet the minimum
necessities of life and the lack of income, but also
conditions such as the lack of access to quality
nutrition, education and health services, and the lack
of adequate housing conditions.
Although poverty is a phenomenon common to every
society, its level and extent varies. Determining the
level of poverty is also defined within specific
approaches in different countries. Because the
countries’
economic
development,
resources,
historical values, lifestyle, national views, culture and
traditions are different. This differentiation also leads
to differentiation of poverty. Therefore, depending on
the level of income achieved and the structure of the
economy, poverty in each country acquires its own
characteristics. The problem of poverty emerges
through the composition and level of consumption.
This problem is explained by the consumption limit. In
particular, the determination of the minimum level of
consumption, its norms and approaches to it cause the
scale of the problem of poverty. It is necessary to take
into account the following circumstances when
determining the level of poverty:
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
27
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
25
-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1.
Each country has its own goals and objectives
when determining the level of poverty. While
some countries aim to improve the quality of life,
others consider it important to lift people out of
poverty, and some consider it important to
prevent the decline in living standards.
2.
Based on the level of development of the national
economy of different countries, it determines the
minimum standard of living. In this case, the
poverty criteria defined in one country may not be
correct for another.
3.
The protection of the disadvantaged is carried out
within their capabilities and under the influence of
state support, in the form of a mixture of self-
sufficiency and need for assistance.
4.
Poverty standards are defined. These norms are
formed according to the level of development of
the economy. The established norm determines
the minimum living wage based on supply
possibilities, not consumption. The specific aspect
of determining the level of poverty in Uzbekistan
is that it takes into account the fact that a person
cannot provide himself with the necessary
consumer goods, and that he would not be able to
do it if he wanted to. Because it is natural that a
member of society does not have enough income
according to his/her social status. Moreover, the
economic situation and situation do not allow
them. At the same time, some social groups do not
have the opportunity to adapt the old type of
activity to new conditions. Or, people in certain
professions will no longer need the product of
labor for the structure and level of consumption of
the newly emerging economy. As a result, such
subjects face poverty. The level of poverty is
strongly influenced by the structural structure of
the economy and the sectors of production. The
majority of the population will become
impoverished until the old economic structure is
replaced by a new one and economic activity is
created. It is very difficult to get out of poverty.
Such an effect may also occur as a result of the
structure of regional networks. As mentioned
above, poverty is defined under different criteria.
These criteria change with the development of the
economy. In the most difficult economic
conditions, the minimum of living is mainly
focused on maintaining the vitality of a person.
The criterion in such conditions is mainly focused
on the level of consumption of food products.
Because of the current economic situation in the
country and the relatively small amount of gross
domestic product, there is a serious shortage of
consumer goods. For example, the decades-long
war in Afghanistan completely destroyed
production. The majority of the population is not
only poor, but has become impoverished.
There will also be factors that cause poverty, the
impact of which will have different importance on the
Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
28
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
25
-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
well-being of social groups. Factors causing poverty
include:
1.
During the pandemic, there is a sharp decrease in
the volume of production and a reduction in the
income of subjects, which initially expands the
ranks of the poor;
2.
The inconsistency between the totalitarian
economic
mechanism
and
the
economic
mechanisms being formed under the conditions of
the new Uzbekistan has a negative effect on
economic growth and reduces material supply;
3.
Initial capital accumulation leads to unfair
appropriation of income in one area by those in
another area, a sharp decrease in the income of
certain groups, and it becomes the capital of
others;
4.
Immaturity of market types and lack of resources
reduces employment and increases the number of
unemployed, and unemployment becomes a risk of
poverty;
5.
Budget funds needed to provide social assistance
to the needy will be lacking, as its income will
decrease;
6.
The rapid growth of prices relative to income, the
emergence of inflationary conditions, expands the
ranks of the poor at the expense of fixed income
earners. The analysis of the risk of poverty in
Uzbekistan shows that at first the cyclical risk of
economic decline was the priority, then the risk of
unemployment came to the fore. The risk of loss of
work ability and natural disasters was transient. In
the current period, unemployment has retained its
place as the main risk. Poverty is inversely
proportional to the level of the economy. There are
many poor people in countries with weak
economies, but they are a minority in countries
with strong economies.
CONCLUSION
There is a permanent and temporary form of poverty.
Permanence is when people stay in poverty for a long
time, while transitivity means that people fall into
poverty from time to time. Permanent poverty has a
chronic character, while transitory poverty is cyclical,
that is, it appears when the economic situation is
unfavorable, and disappears when the economic
situation becomes favorable. In economically weak
countries, poverty is permanent, but in developed
economies, it is temporary. While income inequality is
a hallmark of a market system, the presence of the
poor in that system is an objective phenomenon.
Therefore, poverty cannot be eradicated, but its extent
can be reduced. Poverty should not be understood
only as a lack of consumption. It is also characterized
by lack of skills and poor health.
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Volume 02 Issue 09-2022
29
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
09
Pages:
25
-29
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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