Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
77
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
77-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The types of technologies and tools of the mechanism of interaction between the state, society and business are
considered, about the possibilities, about the need or impossibility of using certain types of technologies and GR-
management tools from the point of view of the general characteristics of their tasks and functions.
KEYWORDS
GR-management interaction of the state, society and business, partnership of the state and business, joint activity of
the state, business and society.
INTRODUCTION
Reforms carried out in Uzbekistan in recent years in the
field of formation and effective functioning of the
system for managing interaction with the state, in
particular, the use of effective methods, models and
technologies of the GR-management mechanism,
interaction with the state in terms of rights and
obligations, freedom and public-private partnership ,
effective organization and management, ensuring
Research Article
TO THE QUESTION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS OF GR-
MANAGEMENT
Submission Date:
June 08, 2022,
Accepted Date:
June 18, 2022,
Published Date:
June 29, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume02Issue06-14
Djurayev Dilshod Davronovich
Researcher at Tashkent state university of economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
78
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
77-86
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
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)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
openness and transparency of this process have
become one of the important issues at the level of
state policy. The dynamic change in economic reality,
the growth of globalization and informatization
processes lead to the transformation of the
relationship between business and the public sector
with the state. Not only the boundaries between
society and the state are being modified, but also the
system for managing their interaction. The
complication of social and economic relations leads to
the search and creation by business structures and
non-profit organizations of new mechanisms and
technologies
for
managing
interaction
with
authorities, which are currently insufficiently studied
by the scientific community. The state is the most
important of all the stakeholders of the organization,
i.e. the person most interested in the activities of the
organization. Each organization enters into bilateral
interaction with the authorities within the legal
framework established by the state, and experiences
its managerial impact. In addition, authorities are often
economic counterparties of organizations, and
commercial companies supply state institutions with
their goods and provide various services. Thus, the
success of the organization's activities depends on the
effectiveness of managing the process of interaction
with the state.
The need to study the problems of managing the
interaction of commercial and non-profit organizations
with the state caused the emergence of a new
phenomenon in the theory and practice of
management - GR-management (from the English.
Government relations management - "management of
relations with public authorities").
In the context of an increase in the degree of state
regulation of the economy, the need for a theoretical
understanding of the process of managing the
interaction of organizations with the state is especially
growing. In addition, the relevance of studying GR
management at the present stage is explained by the
active development of GR departments in the
structure of large foreign and domestic corporations
and non-profit organizations that are experiencing an
increasing
need
for
research,
analysis
and
systematization of the activities of GR departments
and the development of effective mechanisms for
managing the organization's interaction. with state
authorities.
Thus, we can state an urgent practical need for
theoretical understanding of the issues of organizing
and managing the processes of interaction between
commercial and non-profit organizations with the
state.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Evaluation of textile and clothing industry clustering
capabilities in Uzbekistan were reseearcged by
Ergashxodjaeva, S. J. [20], Kyvyakin, K. S., Tursunov, B.
O.[12,13,16,17], evaluation of competitiveness of brands
of local sewing and knitting enterprises were studied
by Hakimov, Z.[15], innovative and export potential of
the agro-industrial complex of Uzbekistan were
inverstigated by Yuldashev, N. K., [14], Umarkhodjaeva,
M. [18], Saidova, M., [19] and others.
Also, some foreign researchers as well as Kaya M.[21],
Abdyldaev, M.[22], Polat, C.[23], ÖZDEN K. [24],
Maksudunov A. [25,27], ELEREN A. [26] researched of
some marketing issues of durable consumer goods.
A.A. Shetov notes that GR-management functions in
the system of relations between the state, society and
business. The interaction of the state, business and the
public sector is a multifaceted phenomenon that has
become the object of study in a number of sciences.
Relations between the state and business are "a
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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6.
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
complex, multifaceted and integrated area of social
relations, the nature of which is determined by many
factors: the type of political system, the ruling regime,
the type of organization of public administration, the
features of the economic system, as well as historical
development" [1].
The development of technologies and methods of GR-
management
is
essential
for
the
practical
implementation of the goals of GR-management.
Systematization of methods and methods of GR,
selection of the most effective practices is the task of
theoretical understanding of GR.
R.A.
Mayorov
highlights
the
following
GR
technologies:
monitoring and forecasting the results of the
activities of public authorities;
impact on the activities of government bodies;
preparation and provision of expert information to
government officials;
creation of information occasions, conducting
information campaigns;
participation in social projects, charity, etc.
(creating a positive image in the eyes of the
authorities) [2]. Accordingly, in our opinion, the
following main components of the GR-
management mechanism (technology) can be
distinguished:
information and analytical work;
establishing a system of communication with
authorities;
representing the interests of the organization and
resolving issues of practical activities in public
authorities.
According to V.F. Ukolov “The network model of
interaction is typical for the post-industrial stage of
economic development, where the transfer of
interaction to electronic virtual network sites gives an
advantage to states with a developed infrastructure.
Networks allow businesses to reduce transaction
costs, the society - to get comfortable jobs, the state -
to expand the market of electronic services and
provide additional convenience to the population" [3].
Given that these technologies are implemented
sequentially, the implementation of each of these
technologies forms a stage in the GR management
process. Further, it is important to consider each
element (technology).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This scientific article used the methods of systematic
and comparative analysis, economic and statistical
analysis and generalization, statistical comparison and
grouping, economic modeling, forecasting.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Information and analytical work. One of the main and
primary stages of GR-management and one of the
technologies for its implementation is the analysis and
monitoring of the information space. It is carried out by
collecting information from open sources, analyzing
the information space on the activities of government
bodies.
At the present stage, information has actually become
a factor of production. The degree of possession of
information, the efficiency of its analysis and the
effectiveness of its use determine the quality of the
organization's work.
Given the above, the GR manager should have the
most complete information about the system of
authorities: about the structure of authorities and its
changes, about the features of decision-making in the
system of authorities, their implementation, about the
Volume 02 Issue 06-2022
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
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SJIF
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6.
015
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OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
specifics of the activities of a particular authority with
which the organization interacts, etc. The GR manager
should be aware of possible changes in the external
environment of the organization, primarily related to
the legal regulation of its activities. Based on the fact
that one of the main functions of the state is
regulatory, and the fact that any organization is
obliged to take this circumstance into account in its
work, the task of the GR manager is not only to
monitor, but also to anticipate certain changes in
regulatory rules. Also, the GR manager must have
information about government programs in order to
ensure the participation of the organization in their
implementation and receipt of government orders.
An important step in the activity of a GR manager is the
analysis of the information received. Activities in this
direction can be carried out by using the method of
expert assessments, the goal tree method, the
scenario method, methods of statistical and economic
analysis, etc. [4].
Features of the information work of GR-managers of
companies depend on the specifics of the
organization's activities. The larger the organization,
the more important this area of work is for it and the
more effort it should spend in this direction. For
example, organizations at the federal (national) level,
in the course of studying the information space, should
explore it in many different areas, including trends in
the development of the world economy, directions in
the
development
of
international
relations,
macroeconomic indicators of the national economy,
domestic political realities in the country, the
alignment and balance of forces of various political
parties and groups, changes in social dynamics, etc.
The availability of this information allows not only to
take into account the main trends in the development
of society, but also to predict possible directions for
the actions of the authorities, to understand the
reasons for the adoption of certain decisions by the
authorities.
The need to analyze information on such a wide range
of issues is also due to the fact that the attitude of the
state towards large companies largely depends on
changes in the economic and socio-political dynamics
in the country. An example here is the situation of
natural monopolies in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As
you know, tariffs for the services of natural monopolies
are regulated by the state. When establishing them,
the state proceeds from the cost of services and the
amount of funds necessary for the development of the
industry. At the same time, any natural monopoly is
interested in raising prices for the services provided in
order to increase its profits. However, the state is
forced to take into account not only the wishes of
monopolists, but also the social needs of the
population, since the tariffs of natural monopolies
directly affect the population, and their excessive
increase can cause social discontent. In addition, the
price of the services of natural monopolies is reflected
in the cost of all goods produced in the national
economy, and, consequently, in the competitiveness
of domestic products in the world market. Based on
this, the state is forced to find a compromise between
the demands of natural monopolies and the interests
of consumers of their services. Therefore, the GR
manager must have full information about socio-
economic trends in society, in order, among other
things, to anticipate such actions of the authorities,
inform the company's management about them, and
plan activities aimed at leveling the negative
consequences of the decisions of the authorities taken
in response to changes in the socio-economic situation
in the country.
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SJIF
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6.
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OCLC
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IF
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5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Analysis of the information space, carried out at the
regional level, consists of an analysis of the main
directions of changes in the socio-political dynamics of
the region. At the same time, information about the
economic situation in the region, the balance of power
of various social and political groups, etc. [5] should
also be taken into account.
Establishing a communication system with authorities.
The next stage of the GR-manager's activity is the
establishment of direct contacts with the authorities,
which is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of
his
activities.
The
mechanisms
for
building
communications with public authorities are different,
and depend both on the size and scale of the
organization, and on the "rank" of the authority. If, for
example, the organization is a large company, then it
will be much easier for it to establish contacts with
public authorities due to the scale of its activities.
There are several typical methods for establishing
effective communications with authorities:
Interaction with authorities through the platforms
of industry organizations;
Participation in the activities of advisory bodies at
state institutions;
Participation in congress and exhibition activities;
Participation in public-private partnership events;
Conclusion of agreements on cooperation
between authorities and the organization.
Today branch associations are created practically in all
spheres of a national economy. In addition, there are
integral associations whose purpose is to protect and
represent the interests of all enterprises, regardless of
the type of activity.
By participating in the activities of industry
associations, the organization can declare itself, raise
issues of concern to the state authorities, start
discussing and resolving these issues. In addition, if an
organization is an active participant in the activities of
industry associations, then it can directly use the
connections “established” by the association, receive
recommendations from it for interaction with
authorities.
It should also be noted that the state has been doing
significant work in recent years to increase the
openness and transparency of its activities.
Considerable attention is paid to the involvement of
public organizations and stakeholders in the decision-
making process by the authorities. Public discussions
of draft budgets, town planning plans, draft federal
and regional laws, etc. can serve as examples. In
addition, various advisory bodies operate under public
authorities, whose activities are aimed at raising the
awareness
of
public
authorities,
developing
recommendations and preliminary “elaboration” of
state decisions, establishing a dialogue between
society and the state, reporting the problems of
organizations and citizens to authorities. Most of these
bodies operate on a permanent basis, some are
created to search for certain solutions of a one-time
nature.
The main tasks of advisory bodies at state institutions
include the following:
Expertise of draft normative-legal acts in various
fields of activity;
Analysis
of
the
effectiveness
of
the
implementation of legal acts regulating public
relations;
Preparation of proposals to improve the efficiency
of state regulation of certain sectors of the
national economy;
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Publisher:
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Servi
Participation in the preparation of materials for
holding meetings of government bodies, meetings
and other events;
Preparation of expert-analytical and information-
methodological materials on the regulation of
economic sectors for the authorities;
Preparation of materials for publication in the
media on topical issues of economic regulation.
Participation in the activities of advisory and expert
councils created by the authorities provides an
opportunity to:
To express and reasonably defend the position of
the organization on the issues considered by the
advisory div;
Get acquainted with all the documentation
necessary to ensure the activities of the advisory
div;
Request additional information necessary for the
examination of draft regulatory legal acts;
Submit proposals for improving the activities of the
advisory div.
The participation of the organization in the activities of
these communication platforms is, on the one hand, a
tool for building interaction with the authorities, and
on the other hand, a tool for solving the problems of
the organization. Participation in the activities of
advisory bodies also solves the problem of awareness
of the organization, which receives information from
government bodies directly in the process of
functioning of the advisory div. In addition, it is
important to note that participation in the activities of
advisory bodies is a tool for constant contact with the
authorities and officials responsible for the activities of
these bodies.
An important element in establishing a system of
communication between organizations and the state
are also various congresses, forums and conferences.
The purpose of these events is to present the most
successful firms, enterprises and organizations, their
promising projects, to establish a dialogue between
business, investors, public organizations and the state,
to discuss the pressing problems of economic and
socio-political development. At these events, the
organization can present itself and its projects to the
state, as well as participate in the discussion of
problems related to the organization. Economic
forums and congresses act as a convenient platform
for organizing a mutually beneficial dialogue between
business structures and government bodies, a place
for discussing topical economic political issues.
At the present stage, public-private partnership (PPP)
is actively developing as a tool for interaction between
business and the state to effectively solve the
problems facing the whole society as a whole. PPP
allows you to create a synergy effect, combine the
efforts of the state and business for mutually beneficial
cooperation[6].
The use of PPP tools makes it possible to give contacts
with authorities an institutional form, to translate them
into a legal channel. The conclusion of a PPP
agreement allows for a certain period to establish close
contacts with the authorities. And the successful
implementation of the project within the framework of
PPP allows you to raise the authority of the company,
strengthens ties with the authorities and will allow you
to claim further successful interaction with the
authorities[7].
Since the main risks in such projects fall on the
business, the company has a good opportunity to
demonstrate efficiency and entrepreneurship, to
strengthen the positive image of its brand[2].
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Publisher:
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Servi
In the process of organizing interaction with
authorities, the following tools of public-private
partnership can be used:
Participation of regional authorities in the
authorized (share) capital of legal entities;
Provision of state property for rent, gratuitous
use, trust management;
Participation
in
concession
agreements
(contracts) [8]..
The totality of the mechanisms listed above as a whole
makes it possible to establish direct contacts with the
authorities, to establish an effective system of
communications with them. However, the most
important task of GR-managers should be to transfer
these contacts to the legal field, making them
permanent by concluding cooperation agreements
with public authorities. In these agreements, it is
necessary to prescribe "the goals of cooperation, a list
of joint activities, a mechanism for interaction between
the organization and the government, and officials
responsible
for
the
implementation
of
cooperation"[9]. The conclusion of such an agreement
is the institutionalization of the interaction between
the organization and the state, gives the interaction a
permanent character, allows, among other things, to
determine the officials responsible for interaction with
the organization.
Thus, significant experience in establishing contractual
relations with regional government bodies has been
accumulated by Uzbekistan Temir Yollari JSC. The
Company proceeds from the necessity of linking the
corporate strategy with the strategy of social and
economic development of the state. As a result of the
implementation of this approach, it becomes possible
to develop an agreed strategic plan for the
development of the region's transport system, which
combines the activities of both regional and corporate
programs within a single approach. The development
of a system of interrelated activities also implies the
division of responsibility between the company and
the regional authorities.
In the process of cooperation between Uzbekistan
Temir Yollari JSC and the state bodies of the Republic
of Uzbekistan, a mechanism has been developed for
the preparation and implementation of agreements on
partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation. The
basis of this mechanism is a system of long-term and
medium-term agreements and contracts. The essential
issues discussed in these documents are: the
procedure for subsidizing passenger transportation,
reducing the electricity tariff for UTY JSC, providing tax
incentives for regional taxes and fees, joint
participation in the construction and reconstruction of
transport facilities (railway stations, transport
interchanges, etc. .), the procedure for using medical
institutions, housing and communal services facilities
owned by UTY JSC, training of professional personnel
for UTY JSC in regional vocational education
institutions, etc. [10]. Considering that the main
specifics of interaction with authorities is the
multidimensional nature of these relations, and the
fact that GR managers simultaneously interact with
various authorities that are not directly interconnected
(and often conflict with each other), it is necessary to
develop a certain system of positioning the
organization. If a GR manager can position his
organization as a successful, efficient, socially oriented
one, aimed at interacting with state authorities and,
first of all, with the highest authorities, then this will
help create the image of the organization as an
adequate and effective partner and counterparty for
the authorities . The creation of this image is especially
important, since the perception of the company by
individual officials and individual authorities depends
on the degree of successful interaction with the system
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SJIF
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Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
of authorities as a whole. And if an organization has
examples of successful interaction with other similar
authorities, or even more so with higher authorities,
this will create not only a positive image of the
organization in the eyes of officials, inspire a sense of
trust, but also exert a certain moral pressure on them.
In this case, it is possible to draw an analogy with “case
law”, when the adoption of a certain decision by a
court in a case is the basis for a decision in similar cases
by another court.
This issue should also take into account the fact that
the system of state and municipal government is a
complex and multi-level system[11]. And creating the
image of a successful counterparty of the public
administration system will contribute to successful
interaction with specific authorities (state, regional
and municipal authorities, regulatory and inspection
bodies).
For example, if an organization successfully
implements certain projects jointly with the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, then other
state bodies will somehow contribute to the activities
of the organization on issues that are within the
general competence.
CONCLUSION
1.
The process of representing the interests of the
organization in the authorities and direct
interaction with them is one of the most
responsible, since it is at this stage that the
practical results of the activities of GR managers
are realized. Organizational problems that arise in
the course of interaction with authorities and
require solutions from them can be classified into
several types:
Obtaining permits and license documentation;
Participation in competitions for obtaining a state
order;
Establishment of a preferential regime or the
adoption of a certain regulatory legal act, etc.
2.
Among the methods of direct interaction with the
authorities, the following can be distinguished:
Informational and legal support of issues that need
to be resolved in the authorities;
Conduct of negotiations;
Exerting influence through industry associations;
Exerting influence through the media and the
public.
3.
An important method of solving organizational
issues with authorities is expert and informational
and legal support of organizational issues. It should
be borne in mind that the adoption of a decision by
an official depends on the level of his information
security on this issue. Accordingly, the task of the
GR manager is to provide the maximum possible
amount of information to the official, sufficient for
the official to make the decision he needs.
4.
4.GR-manager has a wide range of tools for the
implementation of their professional activities. Full
use of GR-management methods at all stages of
interaction with authorities will ensure effective
communications with authorities.
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SJIF
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METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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VOLUME
02
I
SSUE
06
Pages:
77-86
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
5.968
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
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