Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
300
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
300-305
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the types, specifics, and advantages of the interview genre, their use in print, television, radio,
and the internet.
KEYWORDS
Genre, interview, classification, format, classic interview, internet interviews, form, content.
INTRODUCTION
In the information age, we are faced with necessary
and unnecessary information every day. However,
when receiving any information, we pay attention to
the fact that it was obtained from the first source, from
the first hand. Who is transmitting the information?
This shows that interviews are the most important
genre of journalism. The peculiarity of an interview is
that the audience quickly perceives information
through it, it is easier to understand facts, the answer
to a journalist's question given by a specialist, a witness
of the event is convincing, the information is
impressive. Interviews will be organized to analyze
current events, find answers to problems awaiting
resolution, to know the mood of participants of various
holidays, sports competitions, conferences, to
determine the results achieved, to study public opinion
and other issues. The interview can be attended by
ordinary citizens, including high-ranking, socially
significant individuals.
Interviews are used as a method of obtaining
information and as a genre. The first is a
Research Article
CLASSICAL TYPES AND NEW FORMATES OF THE INTERVIEW GENRE
Submission Date:
August 21, 2024,
Accepted Date:
August 26, 2024,
Published Date:
August 31, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue08-23
Nesibeli Mambetirzaeva
Assistant of the Department "Journalism", KSU, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
301
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
300-305
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
communication process organized in the form of
questions and answers; the second is a result designed
for public announcement, structured in the form of
questions and answers. Both as a style and as a genre,
the basis of an interview is a dialogue, a question-and-
answer. But as a genre, the interview occurs in
different forms depending on the journalist's attitude
towards the event, the tactics of conducting the
interview, and the characteristics of the mass media.
There are many types of interviews. Before talking
about them, let's briefly dwell on the definition of the
interview genre and its place in the context of genres.
Until now, we have studied journalistic genres in three
large groups.
Information: news, reports, reports, interviews.
Analytical: article, correspondence, conversation,
review.
Artistic journalism: essay, essay, illustration, feuilleton,
pamphlet.
Attention should be paid to the fact that this interview
has become relevant to all three groups. As a
convergent genre, types of interviews such as
interview-essay, interview-sketch, and interview-essay
have also been implemented. There are conflicting
opinions on the classification of genres mentioned
above, as well as on interviews. Some interpret
conversation as a type of interview, others remind that
conversation is a genre for itself and belongs to the
analytical group. However, we support the theory that
conversation is a type of interview. The reason is that
modern technologies are undergoing significant
changes. As a genre, stable and flexible are used
differently on different platforms. We can see different
forms of the same genre in print, radio, television and
the Internet. Among them, along with modern
formats, there are classic interviews.
According to the form and content, the interview is
divided into several types: interview-monologue,
interview-dialogue,
interview-message,
exclusive-
interview, blitz-interview. For example, in newspapers,
the interview monologue stands out. In this case, the
respondent, i.e. the hero, is asked a question on one
issue, and he only gives a complete answer to this
question. After the topic, in the introductory part, it is
reminded with whom to talk and what question to
answer.
Today, people have neither time nor patience to read a
long text. Therefore, small formats are increasing in
accordance with the needs of the audience. The criteria
for creating text are also changing with time.
Comparatively speaking, the interview-dialogue is
more read in the daily press than the interview-
monologue. The interview-dialogue, consisting of
questions and answers, does not bother the reader,
does not bore him. Any student can glance at the
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
302
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
300-305
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
questions and read the part that seems interesting to
them.
One of the most common forms of interviewing is an
interview-message, in which an event is reported
through its witness, participant, or organizer. This can
supplement the main message or be given separately.
An urgent interview is called an exclusive interview. It
will inform about unexpected events. This interview is
not scheduled in advance.
Blitz interviews consist of a short question and answer
session. These questions will be related to a person's
personal life. Often, in interviews with cultural
workers, singers, actors, quick answers are given to
such urgent questions. However, Russian scientist M.
Lukina explains the Blitz question as follows: "Blitz
question aims to gather different opinions on any
specific, usually narrow issue. In English, it is called
"street talk." The Latin version is called "vox pop." The
peculiarity of such interviews is to ask the same
questions to as many respondents as possible, one or,
conversely, to representatives of different social
groups.[1]
According to M. Lukina's classification, there are
such types of interviews as interview-message,
operational-interview,
blitz-interview,
interview-
inquiry, portrait-interview (profile). The Russian
scholar warns that a journalist uses one of the forms of
creative interviews - conversation, when he is not only
a transmitter of information, that is, a mediator
between the respondent and the audience, but also
interacts with the hero in the process of joint creativity.
Therefore, as discussed above, conversation is
considered a type of interview.
It is used when it is necessary to study the interview-
investigation problem or the topic in full. Its main goal
is to find an individual approach to the respondent and
"extract" the necessary information.
Portrait interview. In some scientific definitions, it is
also called "profile interview," "personal interview."
The main task is to talk about the character's
personality. The hero of such an interview must be a
person who has distinguished themselves in some
sphere of public life, is famous, and arouses the
interest of many. Current issues and problems may not
be raised in the portrait interview. Some scholars view
the portrait-interview as a type in which the hero tells
a story about himself. In this regard, this interview is
close to the artistic and journalistic genre.
M. Lukina stated that press conferences, briefings,
roundtables, telephone interviews, and various
internet services of interviewing - email, forum, or chat
- can be implemented as forms of conversation
organization.[1]
In his book "Television Journalism," Kuznesev presents
approximately the following typology of television
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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:
300-305
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
interviews: protocol, information, portrait, problem,
questionnaire.[2]
According to A.V. Kolesnichenko, a candidate of
philological sciences, an interview may belong to one
of the three genres traditionally accepted in
journalism. He noted that there are different types of
interviews: message, expert, personal.[3]
Most of the interviews fall under the category of
informational genres. However, in terms of various
parameters, some of its types are used as analytical
and artistic-public materials. There are those who are
divided into groups by the theorists. The diversity of
such classifications shows that journalism is a widely
winning and most sought-after genre in journalistic
literature.
It should be acknowledged that the distinction
between the concepts of "interview as a method of
obtaining information" and "interview as a journalistic
creative genre" is clear. However, in terms of
classification, they often complement each other. And
almost the same. This creates confusion in the process
of learning and assimilation, especially in explaining the
topic
to
students.
Scholars
offer
different
classifications of interviews: the subject matter of the
interview, the purpose, the nature, form, type of
organization of the information received, the level of
standardization, the journalist's participation in the
interview.[4]
Shostak identifies four types of interviews:
informative,
expert,
problematic,
and
conversational.[5]
Scholars also classify the interview by form. N.G.
Bogdanov and V.A. Vyazemski distinguish the
following
types:
interview-dialogue,
interview-
monologue, collective interview, interview-sketch, and
questionnaire [6].
We distinguish another important classification of
interviews based on their organization. Theorists
propose the following types of conversation
organization: press conference, briefing, round table,
telephone conversation, online interview.
A telephone interview refers to the most convenient
and fast format used by journalists on the radio. When
it is necessary to obtain an explanation for a specific
situation, this type is used to fill in the information and
clarify it.
Today, the youngest and fastest-growing form of
interviewing is conducting interviews using the
capabilities of online interviews - social networks,
email, chat forums, and video calls.
Any genre is a form of reflecting an event and can
develop further as a result of journalistic skill. For
example, we recognize journalists by the material they
write, the author's broadcasts, and the broadcasts
they host. Therefore, the genre is formed as a unique
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
304
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
300-305
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
style of a journalist. Interviews are also conducted by
journalists in various forms. Here, the main place is
occupied by the channel of information transmission,
journalistic skills and real-time situation. In general,
there are many types of interviews. We preferred to
distinguish them based on different information
transfer platforms:
Newspaper-journal interviews: interview-monologue,
interview-dialogue,
interview-message,
thematic
interview, personal interview, portrait interview,
expert interview, investigative interview, controversial
interview, analytical interview (or conversation), quick
interview, joint interview.
In radio and television: interview-message, thematic-
interview,
personal-interview,
portrait-interview,
expert-interview,
investigative-interview,
controversial-interview,
podcast-interview,
interactive-interview, improvisational-interview, joint-
interview, talk-show, round table, debate, discussion
television bridge.
Internet interviews are the most developed
formats today. Let's analyze them:
1. Textual interviews: printed in written form. They are
mainly distributed through websites and blog posts.
2. Audio interviews: podcasts and radio shows are the
main forms of audio interviews. Interviews of this type
were often delivered to listeners through online
podcast platforms or the websites of radio stations.
3. Video interviews: via YouTube, Instagram Live,
Zoom, and other video platforms. In these interviews,
video imagery and sound dominate and leave a greater
impression on viewers.
4. Live Interviews: Interviews of this type are
conducted in real time through social networks
(Facebook Live, Instagram Live, TikTok Live) or special
live streaming platforms. Viewers can participate
directly with a question.
5. Email or Chat interviews: interview questions and
answers are sent and received via email or chat (e.g.
Telegram, WhatsApp). This method is often used in
long-distance or busy interviews.
6. Social Media interviews. Interviews of this type are
conducted through social networks such as Twitter or
Instagram. Users will submit their questions.
7. Blog interviews: are written as blog posts. Blog
owners or guest bloggers conduct interviews and post
on their blogs.
8. Webinar or Web conferencing: these interviews are
conducted on special webinar platforms or through
web conferencing programs. This method is often used
in the fields of education and business.
Volume 04 Issue 08-2024
305
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
08
P
AGES
:
300-305
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Each of these types has its own style and approach,
adapted to different audiences. However, today there
is no clear answer to the question "which genres are
included in the interview?" In her dissertation "Modern
Modification of Dialogic Genres on Television," O.
Kulmuradova includes interviews as part of dialogic
genres and identifies conversations, interviews, talk
shows, and debates as dialogic genres of television.[7]
There are many types of interviews in Russian and
domestic scientific books, some of which differ in their
functions, although the names are the same. It is not
yet clear which genre group should include interviews
with interviews, talk shows, debates, blitz interviews,
and podcasts. However, the rapid development of
modern information technologies has had a significant
impact on the concept of genre and its classification.
Genre integration has intensified. They are called
formats. The main thing is that the journalist chooses a
form that corresponds to the content of the
information, and delivers it quickly, effectively, and
understandably to the material through an information
channel. The diversity of types of interviews can be
viewed as a result of excessive information, the
inquisitiveness and mastery of journalists. How they
are named, classified, and modified in foreign and
domestic science, science studies in its own way.
However, since journalism is creativity, scientific
definitions are not a rigid theory, but as a result of
innovation, they undergo changes in accordance with
the times.
REFERENCES
1.
Лукина М. Технология интервью: учебное
пособие, М.: Аспект
-
Пресс, 2008
2.
Г.В Кузнецов и др. Телевизионная журналистик,
М.: Высшая школа, 2002.
3.
Колесниченко А. В. Практическая журналистика:
учеб. пособие. –
М.: Изд
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во Московского ун
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та,
2008.
4.
Белановский С. А. Глубокое интервью, М.: 2001.
5.
Шостак М. И. Журналист и его произведение,
М.: 1998.
6.
Богданов Н. Г.,
Вяземский Б. А. Справочник
журналиста. –
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Қ
улмурадова
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Тошкент.: 2023
