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ABSTRACT
This research, of significant importance, aims to understand the role of the religious seminary in Najaf and its adequacy
in supporting national products through seminary directives and guidelines to support and acquire these products and
prefer them over foreign products from the perspective of professors and students/University of Kufa. It also seeks
to identify the extent of customer preference for these products, a crucial aspect that your participation will greatly
contribute to.
Since previous years, specifically after the year (2003), there has been a great interest in improving the image of
national products and identifying the factors influencing customer attitudes towards them.
The research relied on the questionnaire to survey the opinions of a sample of customers represented by professors
and students of the University of Kufa, with a total of (75) customers. The questionnaire consisted of (8) questions
and used statistical and analytical methods.
The research problem arises from a question that is:
(What is the role of the religious seminary in supporting national products from the customers' point of view?
Research Article
THE RELIGIOUS SEMINARY AND ITS ROLE IN SUPPORTING NATIONAL
PRODUCTS FROM THE CUSTOMERS' POINT OF VIEW
A SURVEY STUDY OF THE OPINIONS OF A SAMPLE OF PROFESSORS
AND STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KUFA
Submission Date:
July 24, 2024,
Accepted Date:
July 29, 2024,
Published Date:
Aug 03, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume04Issue08-03
Najihah Mahmmed Taher
Lect., Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University / Najaf Technical Institute, Iraq
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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The importance of the research is evident from the necessity of having such studies to introduce society to the
effective and important role of the religious seminary in Najaf Al-Ashraf in supporting products that are produced
locally within the borders of Iraq. Your participation in this research will help us to meet the needs of customers for
those products, to reduce dealing with foreign products, and to achieve clear tangible results for the role of the
religious seminary in supporting Iraqi economic activity as a whole, a role that has been significant throughout history.
KEYWORDS
Significant importance, aims to understand the role of the religious seminary.
INTRODUCTION
The economy has become the primary concern of
politicians, institutions, and economists. The strength
of the regime and the state is due to the strength of its
economy. Because of the competition from many
factors, the economic issue has become a center of
continuous conflict between production and service
institutions, which has been reflected in customers in
one way or another.
The Iraqi economy has suffered from a weak ability to
develop its base of national products for the sectors
(agricultural, industrial, and service), whether in terms
of quality, consumer protection and safety, or prices
appropriate to their income level, which has reduced
production and increased unemployment (Ibrahim,
2011: 1). As a result of these circumstances, all
institutions have sought to support national products.
Among the most important of these institutions, the
religious seminary has distinguished itself, and it is
considered one of the largest institutions or schools
that present the Islamic religion in its Shiite Imami
version. Graduate religious scholars in Islamic
jurisprudence, preachers, and researchers with diverse
specializations and religious and social functions (Al-
Madun et al., 2023: 13). The places of spiritual and
jurisprudential study among Shiites are called (the
seminary).
Many seminaries were found that formed a religious
and scientific center of gravity for them, and many of
them witnessed growth and prosperity in various
countries and on all levels: political, social, and
economic. The most essential seminaries are the Najaf
Seminary and the Qom Seminary (Yahya, 2018: 198). In
this research, we focused on the religious seminary in
Najaf Al-Ashraf, as the seminary has assumed its
responsibilities and fulfilled its duties in all fields where
it can move, including the economic field. The research
problem was embodied in the heavy reliance on
foreign products.
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The research was important in identifying how efforts
can support the national product and customers'
preference to buy it and how to find what is known as
the customer (National Consumer) (Al-Kharibi, 2023:
245).
The research consists of three sections. The first
section dealt with the research methodology. In
contrast, the second section included basic concepts
about the religious seminary in Najaf Al-Ashraf and the
ideas of national products. As for the third section, it
focused on analyzing the questionnaire form.
METHODOLOGY
First: The research problem: Due to the growing gap
between national production and imports from
abroad, especially in recent years, for various reasons,
the most important of which is flooding the market
with products similar to local products at lower prices
in the importing country.
Second: The importance of the research: The
importance of the study lies in:
1- Producers in all agricultural, industrial, and service
sectors must pay attention to the quality and safety of
the products that they offer to customers in the local
market at appropriate prices as high quality is the basis
for preferring national products over foreign ones.
2
—
Taking into account the support of the religious
seminary for national products through its directives
and guidelines, it encourages producers and customers
and motivates them to stay away from foreign
products for religious and economic reasons. This
serves the interests of the economy and satisfies
customers, creating a competitive environment
compared to imported products.
Third: Research objectives
The research aims to achieve the following:
1- Measuring the role of the religious seminary in
supporting and encouraging national products.
2- Identifying the level of customer response and
awareness of the quality of national products.
3- Explain the reasons for the customer's preference
for national products compared to foreign products.
4- Providing recommendations to protect the
customer and provide him with a safe cover from the
harm of the external product.
Fourth: Research Methodology: The research relied on
the descriptive analytical method to obtain
information related to the research variables through a
survey of the opinions of a specific sample, interpreting
the data, and extracting results.
Fifth: Research Limits
1- Temporal Limits: The research completion period
extended from 5/22/2024 to 6/4/2024
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2- Spatial Limits: The questionnaire was applied to
professors, students, and the University of Kufa in
Najaf Governorate
Sixth: Research Sample
The research sample was randomly selected,
amounting to (75) customers from users of national
and imported products from students and professors
of the University of Kufa.
Fundamental concepts about the seminary
First: Its historical development:
Imam Amir al-Mu'minin, peace be upon him, laid the
foundations of the seminary in Kufa, and after him, the
Imams of the Household, peace be upon them, took
care of it. To manage the conditions of the Islamic
community in general, which Islam as a whole was
exposed to. The history of the seminary in Najaf al-
Ashraf extended to nearly a thousand years, as the
study in it was inaugurated by al-Tusi Abu Ja'far
Muhammad bin al-Hasan (1068 AD) after he was forced
to migrate to it from Baghdad in (1056 AD) following
the persecution he was subjected to at the hands of
the Seljuks. Since then, Najaf has become a scientific
capital that embraces students of Islamic sciences who
migrated to it from various countries (al-Rifai, without
a year: 256).
The seminary is the leading institution of the Islamic
state, as it has a high status in religious circles in
general and the Shiites in particular. It gained this
elevation from its spiritual quality, which elevates it to
a high position that is difficult to reach except with
many conditions (Nasir, 2018: 8).
Second: The concept and definition of the religious
seminary:
The religious seminary is one of the most significant
spiritual institutions. It is a group of religious science
schools managed by senior scholars who are under
their supervision. It includes students of religious
sciences for the jurisprudence school affiliated with the
Twelver School of Thought. Many prominent jurists
and senior Shiite scholars graduated from it in the past,
including Sheikh Al-Tusi, Allamah Al-Hilli, and Sheikh Al-
Ansari, and its modern scholars such as Sayyid Al-Khoei,
Sayyid Al-Sistani, Sayyid Al-Hakim, and other venerable
scholars.
Third: The importance of the religious seminary:
Thanks to the prominent role played by the religious
seminary in the current era, cities have witnessed
peace and stability. Perhaps the importance of this
entity and its sensitive position in the lives of Muslims
has made their thinkers and elites talk about it
constantly from multiple and different angles. The
scholars of the seminary urged the state to study its
trade relations with other countries in a way that
ensures commercial progress and the continuity of
development. It has to monitor the markets and create
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new production sectors to create job opportunities
that absorb people's energies and community talents
(Al-Sadr, 1961: 350).
In this research, we focus on the role of the religious
seminary in Najaf Ashraf in supporting national
products through the most critical dimensions:
1. Rational decision:
Rational decision is an essential element in Islamic
realism. It leads to moderation and appropriate
behavior, so encouraging national production is a
sensible matter in all countries of the world and is
permissible within its legal framework, which may be a
legal and national duty at times if it opens up some
alarming results from increasing unemployment in our
society, as a result of relying on imports, and closing
job opportunities in the agricultural and industrial
fields (Al-Tai).
2. Authority and Responsibility: The launch of the
Islamic project in the fifties placed powers and
responsibilities
before
the
religious
seminary
authorities. The powers of jurists and authorities grew,
and the scope of their influence and intervention
expanded. Their hand was extended to bear much
greater responsibilities than in the past for what is
presented in the regional and international arena to
perform its role efficiently in guiding and leading the
nation towards the higher goals of Islam. (Love of God,
2022: 2). The religious scholar is not an honorary title
acquired by a student in a religious seminary or a
member of a scholarly family, but rather it is the title of
the person with the great message and the vast
responsibility, and the higher his position, the more his
responsibilities increase, reaching the position of the
reference, which is considered the highest position in
the Shiite institution, which imposes on the reference
to bear the most significant responsibilities towards
the nation in the cultural, political, social and economic
fields (Al-Shami, 1999: 73).
3: Motivation and encouragement:
All the campaigns to encourage and demand national
products have yet to achieve the desired success or the
intended goals. Traders are still importing foreign
products, and customers still accept them, albeit to
varying degrees. Among these products (food,
medicine, devices and tools, and other products), the
state undertakes to guarantee a portion of its
purchases of the products of those craft forces, such
as wooden and metal furniture, national textiles, and
others, for example, not limited to, to encourage and
develop. (Saleh, 2019: 4-5). In addition to adopting the
marketing of the products of craft complexes, whether
for the benefit of the government itself, as we
mentioned, or for The way to spread the sale in
cooperative complexes exempt from fees, which
should be strongly reactivated, on the broadest scale
within the program to protect Iraqi crafts and
products.
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Motivation is "A group of biological and psychological
factors that work to create or direct behavior to work
continuously and in a better way." The most essential
elements of it are (individual, job, job and institution,
individual and institution, institution and environment,
and personal and situation) (Zalikha and Fatima, 2019:
47-48).
4- Forms of support:
Support means the benefit or financial contribution
provided by the exporting country or any form of
income support or price support that leads to
achieving a benefit for entities or individuals who
produce, transport, sell, or export products. The most
prominent forms of support are: (Ben Jalili, without a
year: 5)
A. Direct financial support: Establishing an export
support fund to organize the flow of financial
resources for this purpose would be the first step.
B- Tax exemptions such as exemption from profit tax.
T- Subsidies for intermediate inputs and exemption of
imported supplies from customs duties or refund of
such duties after export.
C- Adjusting the exchange rate for the exporter.
H- Indirect support, such as support for water and
electricity services.
G- Financial support
Export is considered one of the essential pillars on
which most countries' economies depend to provide
permanent sources of foreign currency, as export
resources can be used to finance the needs of the
state's production apparatus, service external debt,
and pay the import bill. The food industries sector is
one of the most critical sectors of the leading
manufacturing industries in developing and developed
countries in general and in Egypt in particular, as this
sector contributes to driving economic growth and
achieving food security, as well as contributing to the
relative reduction of the unemployment problem and
improving the trade balance by increasing exports of
this sector. The food industries belong to the group of
manufacturing industries, known as agricultural
industries, in which intermediate plant and animal raw
materials are used, which are processed and converted
into manufactured food materials suitable for final
consumption or are presented in the form of semi-
manufactured or raw food materials directed for use as
intermediate products in other production processes.
(Mutawa, 2012: 505). Fourth: Supporting national
products The national product represents the central
axis in the economic development process of
countries, and it also represents the national identity
that must be protected and supported by all parties,
whether governmental or popular, through legislation
and developing strategies that support industrial
development in the country that supports the national
product (Qasim, and Fahd 2021: 74). Iraq was in dire
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need of presenting a vision related to its support for
national products, as it is constantly seeking to join the
World Trade Organization. Despite the significant
areas achieved by national products, whether in
quality, quantitative production, or marketing. The
customer still accepts foreign products of all kinds.
Support has been defined as "any financial
contribution, direct or indirect, whether it is a product,
an exporter, or a group of producers or exporters
provided by the government of the country of origin or
any public div therein, which results in achieving a
benefit for the recipient of support (Hashem, 2020:24).
Armstrong & Kotler have defined products as
Everything that can be offered in the market to attract
attention or demand, or consumption, which leads to
the satisfaction of a need or desire (Al-Khafaji,
103:2018). Here, we focus on the most essential main
dimensions that should be taken into account when
supporting national products:
1: Quality:
The concept of quality refers to the Latin word
"Qualitas," which means the nature of the thing, and in
ancient times, it meant accuracy and mastery.
(Iraqi Facts) Products were defined as The sum of
industrial and agricultural goods (except crops)
produced by the industrial sector in Iraq. As for the
similar product: It is the local product that is similar in
all respects to the imported product or very similar to
its specifications or uses. As for local producers
Understanding: The sum of local producers of the local
product identical to the product in the public or mixed
sector or who collectively produce a large portion of it.
Quality means the ability of management to meet
consumers' needs and desires in a manner consistent
with their expectations through a set of dimensions
(Al-Taie and Al-Abbadi, 2010: 151). We see appropriate
quality as a clear reality that satisfies customers' needs,
desires, and requirements.
Improving product quality and motivating companies
to work is done according to the specifications and
approved international standards.
This is done by studying its most important dimensions,
represented by;
1. Performance.
2. Special features.
3. Reliability.
4. Conformity.
5. Durability.
6. Serviceability.
7. External appearance and aesthetics.
8. Perceived quality (Saleh, 2007: 28)
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2. Safety: Product safety is one of the essential
obligations that producers must consider. It has
become necessary for the customer to know the risks
of goods and services that may affect him directly or
indirectly. He must purchase products that provide
security and safety. The security of physical or moral
products, or in his health, is achieved by finding a kind
of balance between all the elements concerned, i.e.,
the components and characteristics of those products
(Mahmoud and Saleh, 2022: 5). We will focus on the
agricultural sector as it is one of the critical sectors,
despite not occupying the forefront in the formation of
the gross domestic product. Due to the enormous
contribution of the oil sector to this formation
(Shangar and Mahdi, 2017: 5). The crude oil sector
dominates the country's economy. It is considered the
primary source of income generation and foreign
currency to finance import operations abroad. In line
with the new changes that have occurred in the Iraqi
economy and the opening of markets to global trade
and to reduce the risks that may affect the customer,
whether, in the interests of safe food (Safe Food),
health affairs provide health and preventive factors to
maintain the health of customers, it takes the
necessary measures to ensure the health and safety of
food and its suitability for human consumption in all
stages
of
food
production,
manufacturing,
distribution, and preparation. Food must be free of
pollutants and risks so that it does not cause harm,
damage, or disease to humans in the long or short
term. This is based on laboratory results and analyses.
Small and medium-sized enterprises need to gain basic
knowledge on preventing and controlling food safety
risks by applying critical control points in retail (Biglia &
Dongo, 2020:4).
A product can be defined as something generated by
the
production
process,
whether
industrial,
agricultural, technical, or some other jurisprudence.
Safety is the state in which the customer's physical and
health integrity is preserved and fully protected from
danger.
Safety has several requirements, including It is a safe
means under normal or reasonably expected
conditions of use, including the actual duration of use,
to comply with relevant standards at the national or
external level. Product safety is achieved by balancing
all the elements, i.e., the components and
characteristics of the commodity or service. This is to
reduce the risks that may affect the customer, whether
in his material and moral interests or in his health
(Doung, 2023:2).
Build a national industry and avoid harm from Iraqi
products and local producers. Iraqi laws have been
enacted to prevent harmful practices of dumping
markets with products, unjustified increases in
imports, or imported products supported by exporting
countries to Iraq. Which leads to the loss of fair
competition conditions. And take appropriate
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measures to protect and avoid damage to the national
product. Dumping: is the process of supplying goods
similar to those in the local market at a price lower than
their normal value in the market of the supplying
country. Anti-dumping measures include increasing
customs duties imposed on the product concerned
with dumping within the limits of the dumping margin
previously determined. These duties are collected at
the first customs port and are subject to all imports of
the GCC countries of the product concerned with the
investigation from foreign producing/exporting
companies that the investigation has proven to be
practicing dumping that causes damage to the national
industry and anti-dumping measures are imposed
temporarily or permanently (23:2012, Arabic). The
dumping margin is the difference between the average
value of the imported product and its export price. This
helps to create a general boom in the industrial sector
and reduces obstacles to the success of the national
product (Rabi'& Ariqat, 2022: 2). We see that the
religious seminary seeks to spread the culture of the
national product and protect it. Hence, it works to
create a legal structure and issue fatwas and guidelines
to encourage producers to move toward production.
Customers consume national products in support of
the Iraqi economy.
3. Appropriate price
Prices represent a monetary expression of the value of
goods and services provided to the customer. It is
considered one of the most important elements of the
marketing mix that helps the organization succeed in
the market. Because of its great impact on profits.
Price is the single most flexible element. The
appropriate price generates profits for production and
service companies in various sectors. At the same time,
determining product prices is the first problem facing
these companies. (Dongoran & Others, 2018: 51)
As for pricing, it is defined as: the process of
determining the selling price of products. When the
product's price is known in the market, it is different
from the new product that needs to be priced (Al-
Dhahabi and Al-Ghaban, 2007: 224). Making a decision
about pricing products is the essence of every business
plan that has a direct impact on profitable and non-
profitable production companies. This is affected by
the internal and external factors of these companies.
Therefore, companies must be able to price their
products in ways that achieve relative revenues to the
value provided to the customer and thus stabilize their
position in the market, and gain the trust and
satisfaction of customers to outperform competitors
(1423 2012:,.(Nasab
The third section: Practical analysis
The researcher relied on the questionnaire form to
collect research data in the practical aspect to ensure
the connection between the theoretical and practical
aspects. Due to the large size of the study community
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only, the researcher limited herself to distributing (100
questionnaire forms). (75 forms) were retrieved and
approved due to the incompleteness of some of them
or their failure to be returned by the research sample,
with a return rate of (75%).
The researcher chose professors and students of the
University of Kufa to distribute the research forms
because they are the closest to the religious seminary
and the most knowledgeable in its orientations
towards supporting national products. The distribution
of the forms was random and unintentional.
First: The first axis: Personal data
It is clear from Table (1) that the characteristics of the
research sample in terms of gender, age and
educational level The profession and years of service in
the tourist facilities are as follows:
It was found that the number of males reached (43
answers) at a rate of 57.3%, while the number of
females reached (32 answers) at a rate of
approximately 42.7%.
The answers varied according to age, as the age group
(18-30 years) recorded the first place with (24) at a rate
of 32%, and the younger group more than 51 years
reached (12) at a rate of 16%.
It is clear that there is a variation in academic
achievement, as the results of the field study recorded
that the category (university professor) is the highest
with (41 answers) at a rate of (54.6%), while the number
of students reached (34) at a rate of (45.4%).
Table (1) Personal information:
1
Gender
Male (43) Female (32)
2
Age
18-30 (24) 31-40 (22) 41-50 (17) Over 51 (12)
3
Education
Student (34) University Professor (41)
Second: The second axis: Measuring the religious seminary
It appears from the results of the questionnaire, Table
(2) Figure (1), that there is a clear difference in the
respondents' answers to the question (Do you acquire
national products and reject foreign ones according to
the wise joint decisions between the competent
authorities and the seminary?) The highest choice was
(strongly agree) with (36 answers) at a rate of (48%),
while the lowest choice was (only 4 answers), which
confirms that there is support for acquiring national
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products based on the directives of the competent
authorities and the honorable seminary.
Table (2) Measuring the role of the religious seminary towards supporting national products
Agreement Percentage
Strongly
Agree
Agre
e
Natur
al
Dis
Agree
Strongly
Disagree
Your acquisition of national products and rejection
of foreign ones according to the wise decisions
shared by the competent authorities and the
seminary?
36
22
4
7
6
Your abstention from using foreign products in
compliance with the Sharia directives?
21
31
8
6
9
Your choice of national products confirms the
ability of the wise decision-maker?
28
33
7
3
4
Affects the prices of national products in the Iraqi
market?
41
18
3
5
8
Directing and coordinating efforts and endeavors
encourages the production of national products by
local producers?
36
19
9
6
5
Awareness helps control problems before they
occur?
26
16
11
9
13
Carrying out campaigns and publications
encourages you to choose national products?
21
34
3
8
9
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Motivates local producers to market their products
at a lower price than the price of imported ones?
31
24
8
6
6
Financial support is important to you?
43
16
5
7
4
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
It is clear from the results of Table (2) Figure (2) that
there is a clear difference in the respondents’ answers
to the question (Do you refrain from using external
products in compliance with the Sharia directives?) as
(agree) was chosen, which is the highest with (answers
31) at a rate of (41%), and (disagree) was chosen the
least with (only six answers), which indicates the study
sample’s abstention from using external products and
in compliance with the directives of the honorable
seminary. Figure (2)
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Strongly Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
It is clear from Table (2) Figure (3) that there is a
difference in the respondents’ answers to the question
(Your choice of national products confirms the ability
of the rational decision-maker?) as (Agree) was chosen,
which is the highest with (33 answers) at a rate of
(44%), and (I do not agree) was chosen the least with
(3 answers), and this clearly indicates your choice of
national products. Figure (3)
Strongly Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Figure (4) confirms the difference in the respondents’
answers to the question (Does it affect the prices of
national products in the Iraqi market?) as (strongly
agree) was chosen, which is the highest with (41
answers) at a rate of (54.6%). It is the second highest
choice determined by the respondents in this axis,
while choosing (neutral) was the lowest with (only
three answers), indicating the impact of prices on the
acquisition of national products. Figure (4)
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Strongly Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
The data in Table (2) and Figure (5) indicate that there
is a difference in the respondents’ answers to the
question (Directing and coordinating efforts and
endeavors encourages the production of national
products by local producers?) as (strongly agree) was
chosen, which is the highest with (36 answers) at a rate
of (48%), and (strongly disagree) was chosen the least
with (5 answers), activating the role of coordination
and increasing local production by local hands. Figure
(5)
Table (2) Figure (6) is based on the question (Does
sensing help control problems before they occur?)
where (strongly agree) was chosen, which is the
highest with (26 answers) at a rate of (48%), and
(disagree) was chosen the least with (9 answers), to
sense problems before they occur to ensure the
Strongly Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
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continuity of production and enhance the status of
local national products. Figure (6)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Table (2) Figure (7) is based on the question (Do
campaigns and publications encourage you to choose
national products?) The highest choice was (agree)
with (34 answers) at a rate of (%), and the lowest choice
was (neutral) with (3 answers), which confirms the role
of awareness and encouragement campaigns in
choosing national products, and this is what the
honorable reference always confirms. Figure (7)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
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It is clear from the data in Table (2) Figure (8) on the
question (Does it encourage local producers to market
their products at a lower price than the imported
ones?) that (strongly agree) was chosen, which is the
highest with (31 answers) at a rate of (41.3%), and
(disagree) and (strongly disagree) were the least with
(6 answers), which calls for studying the market and
the needs of the population, knowing their purchasing
power, taking into account the economic conditions,
and working to provide life necessities without relying
on abroad. Figure (8)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Table (2) Figure (9) shows that on the question (Is
financial support important to you?) (Strongly agree)
was chosen as the highest with (43 answers) at a rate
of (57.3%), and (Strongly disagree) was chosen as the
lowest with (4 answers), which confirms the need for
financial support for the success of any commercial or
economic project. Figure (9)
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Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Third: Measuring support for national products
It is clear from Table (3) that there is a clear variation in
the responses of the research sample, which was as
follows:
Table (3) Measuring support for national products
N
Agreement percentage
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Dis
Agree
Strongly
Disagree
1
Do you seek to obtain national products
that are characterized by high
performance in operation?
41
20
7
4
3
2
Do you choose alternatives from national
products with greater durability?
38
21
5
8
3
3
Do you prefer national products that can
be repaired at the lowest possible cost?
34
17
11
7
6
4
Do you acquire national products that
provide you with the minimum risks
associated with their use?
26
32
6
4
7
5
Do you stay away from national products
that cause danger similar to foreign
products?
37
26
2
4
6
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6
Are you aware of unsafe national products
to avoid buying them?
21
37
7
6
4
7
Need national products at a suitable price
that matches your monthly income level?
44
15
4
5
7
8
Do you demand to reduce the damage of
flooding the market with imported
products?
45
21
4
2
3
9
Do you prefer foreign products, especially
agricultural ones, due to the high prices of
similar national products?
23
28
7
11
6
The results of the questionnaire, Table (3) and Figure
(10), show that regarding the question (Do you seek to
obtain national products that are characterized by high
performance in operation?), (Strongly agree) was
chosen as the highest with (41 answers) at a rate of
(54.6%), while (Strongly disagree) was chosen as the
lowest with (only 3 answers), which indicates that
consumers seek to choose national goods with high
specifications.
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
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It is clear from the results of Table (3) Figure (11)
regarding the question (Do you choose alternatives
from national products with greater durability?) that
(strongly agree) was chosen as the highest with (38
answers) at a rate of (50.6%), while (strongly disagree)
was chosen as the least with (only 3 answers), which
indicates that consumers seek to choose the best
goods with high specifications, whether local or
international. Figure (11)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
The data in Table (3) and Figure (12) indicate the
question (Do you prefer national products that can be
repaired at the lowest possible cost?), as (strongly
agree) was chosen as the highest with (34 answers) at
a rate of (45.3%), and (strongly disagree) was chosen as
the least with (6 answers), which confirms that
customers prefer repairable products to reduce costs
and increase the life of the goods. Figure (12)
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Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
The data in Table (3) and Figure (13) show the question
(Do you buy national products that provide you with
the minimum risks associated with their use?), in which
(strongly agree) was chosen as the highest with (32
answers) at a rate of (42.6%), and (disagree) was
selected as the least with (4 answers), which indicates
choosing products with the most minor risks and
maintaining more excellent safety. Figure (13)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
The data in Table (3) and Figure (14) indicate that the
question (Do you avoid national products that pose a
risk similar to foreign products?), which was chosen
(strongly agree) is the highest with (37 answers) at a
rate of (42.6%). The choice of (neutral) was the least
with (2 answers) and indicates that customers try to
obtain products with more excellent safety, local or
foreign. Figure (14)
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Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
It is clear from the data in Table (3) and Figure (15) that
the question (Do you avoid national products that pose
a risk similar to foreign products?), which was chosen
(agree) is the highest with (37 answers) at a rate of
(42.6%), and the choice of (strongly disagree) was the
least with (4 answers), which confirms that customers
are aware of unsafe goods and have sufficient
knowledge about the products that suit their
requirements in terms of quality and safety. Figure (15)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
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The data in Table (3) and Figure (16) confirm that the
question (Do you need national products at a suitable
price that matches your monthly income level?), which
was chosen (strongly agree) is the highest with (44
answers) at a rate of (58.6%), and the choice of
(neutral) was the least with (4 answers), which
indicates that most customers try to buy local products
according to their monthly income. Figure (16)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
The data in Table (3) and Figure (17) confirm that the
question (Do you demand to reduce the damage of
flooding the market with imported products?), in
which (strongly agree) was chosen as the highest
within this question and the axis as well with (45
answers) at a rate of (60%), and (disagree) was chosen
as the least with (only 2 answers), which indicates the
awareness of customers in their demands not to flood
the market with imported foreign goods in order to
preserve the local product. Table (17)
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Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
It is clear from the data in Table (3) and Figure (18) that
the question (Do you prefer foreign products,
especially agricultural ones, due to the high prices of
similar national products?), which was chosen
(strongly agree) is the highest with (28 answers) at a
rate of (37.3%), and (strongly disagree) was chosen the
least with (only 6 answers), and the results of this
question confirm the preference for foreign products,
especially agricultural ones, due to the high prices of
the local product. Figure (18)
Strongly
Agree
Agree
Natural
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
First: Conclusions
The results reached by the researcher showed:
1- The religious seminary in Najaf Ashraf, which is the
primary source of religious legislation, contributed to
knowing the level of awareness among customers in
purchasing the national product, which achieves
justice in enacting religious legislation and rulings while
acknowledging the right of non-Muslims to resort to its
laws regarding their religious privacy.
2- Customers' impact on the image of the national
product is due to their easy exposure to the product
and knowledge of quality standards compared to
foreign products.
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3- The religious seminary carried out
Second: Recommendations
1- National industrial and service companies must
adopt many strategies to develop the quality of
products, sell them, protect customers from the harm
that may result from using some of these products, and
sell them at appropriate prices according to the
directives and guidelines issued by the religious
seminary to support these products.
2- There is a pressing need to update food laws and
legislation to ensure robust consumer protection,
particularly from market dumping.
3- Activating the law protecting the national product is
crucial, as it plays a key role in encouraging local
investment in the industrial sectors, especially
agriculture and industry. This, will help revive the
private sector by providing enhanced financing for
small and medium-sized projects.
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