American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
14
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
PAGE NO.
14-17
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue03-04
Cases of Equivalence in The Translation of Gender
Lexical Units in English and Uzbek
Nargiza Abdullayeva
Researcher of Namangan State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
23 January 2025;
Accepted:
25 February 2025;
Published:
14 March 2025
Abstract:
Throughout the ages, the topic of gender has consistently been a subject of discussions and debates.
The differences between the concepts of sex and gender are not only based on biological factors but also stem
from non-biological reasons. These differences are mainly reflected through the concept of gender, highlighting
the psychological, cultural, and social distinctions between men and women. The object of study and research
subject of gender linguistics is linguistic materials that represent gender in various languages and cultures. These
materials manifest in human communication processes, the expressive language of literary works, or their
translation. This article presents thoughts on the equivalence of gender-related lexical units in the translation of
literary works between English and Uzbek.
Keywords:
Gender lexicon, gender stereotypes, gender-neutral units, gender-component lexicon, transformation
methods, generalization, specification, equivalence in translation, anthropocentric aspects in translation.
Introduction:
The word "gender" originates from the
Latin "genus," meaning "kind" or "type," and the
English "gender," meaning "category" or "class." It has
become widely used due to the development of
feminist theory and gender studies. This provides an
opportunity to extensively cover gender studies and
issues in this field (Krijnen, et. al. 2004). The concept of
gender is primarily formed on the basis of social
sciences and inherently requires a close connection
with linguistics as language is known to be a social
phenomenon. Gender-specific words, gender lexicon,
gender-specific
concepts
and
terms,
gender
stereotypes, gender lexicology, and gender-component
lexicon require the formation of a number of field-
specific knowledge. Professor Khoshimov (2020) argues
that "Gender “is a specific universal co
gnitive
phenomenon, the basis of which is gender cognitive
semantics, which represents the conceptual -
opposition” male and female". In contrast, John Grey
comments on this in his famous work “Men Are From
Mars, Women Are from Venus” (Gray, 2012). The mo
st
common problems in the relationship of men and
women arise as a result of the main psychological
differences between these two sexes, and the
representative of each sex, as the owner of his or her
planet, owns the customs, environment and
relationships in it. While men are looking for a solution
to it to get out of an existing problem, in the same
situation, women prefer to talk about this problem.
Social relations like this are necessarily materialized by
speech activity and expressed through language, so
that the gender lexicon in the mutual language units of
women and men has been constantly in discrepancy.
Before describing gender-component lexicon, we
should pay attention to the term” component". This
word, derived from English, is an element used to form
an entire system, object or process, which is a part that
massively adds and stands out to the functionality or
structure of a general unit, or, in simple terms, is a
component of something. As can be seen from the
definition, gender-component lexicon is a gender
lexicon that reflects an element that belongs to a man
or a woman in its composition. Gender-component
lexicon is formed in each language in its own way and
acquires a common and holistic character in all
languages. We address gender issues in these
languages by studying gender-component lexicon in
one language or another.
Translation is one of the most influential and long-lived
forms of communication, Hamdamov (2017) argues
that not only is a person's vision of a person with
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
another person, but also of a whole-headed nation with
another (Hamdamov & Qosimov, 2017). Translation is
the recapitulation of information from the original, in
addition to possession, storage, and conveyance,
limited by the translator from the creation of an
entirely new work. In this situation, the translator goes
through the translation process by processing the
original represented using specific language tools in
another language. The Russian translator Chukovsky
(1936) gives this Russian proverb as an epigraph to the
Chapter” textual accuracy “of his work” Iskusstvo
perevoda". “Перевод
-
что женщина: если она
красива, она не верна; если верна
-
некрасива.” We
have not chosen this proverb for nothing, if we look at
it with attention, the main keywords in it translate and
go to the women and beat. The author likens the
translation process to a woman and says, “the
translation is like a woman, if she is beautiful, she is
unfaithful; if she is faithful, she is ugly.” In this place,
the author used a proverb that contained a gender-
specific lexicon and gave a definition of translation in a
pragmatic way. The word is the primary means of
translation; the translator may deviate from the
original work if he cannot choose the correct equivalent
of the words that make up sentences and sentences
depending on context. For example in the process of
translating Gi de Mopassan's bestselling novel “Bel
-
Ami”, Gofurov (2012) says that he could not choose an
alternative to the title of the work as an early challenge,
and notes that, as a result of long reflections, the word
“azizim” prevailed over a number of gender
-specific
words, such as “jonim”, “jonginam”, “do‘ndiqcham”,
“shakarim”, “jononam”, “tasadduq” (Gofurov, et.al,
(2012). It seems that from an anthropocentric point of
view, each person has his or her own linguistic
personality, and when recreating the gender lexicon,
this situation is manifested in translation by a translator
in a certain way. It is also worth mentioning the fact
that gender lexicon changes over periods, and this, in
turn, is reflected in the linguistic activity of people,
depending on which gender logical changes also occur
in the translation of works of art. Because one can
observe a different approach in the choice of words in
a work if one pays attention to their translations made
by two persons at different times. This is due to the fact
that each translator lives in his or her translation and,
taking into account his or her readers from the point of
view of the era, prefers to use current words and
phrases, as well as in gender lexicon.
Gender component in literature can form part of a work
by influencing the character of the work in enriching
the artistic image of the work and in the full-fledged
perception of the work by the reader (Denisova, 2011).
In addition, he or she has a special approach to the
issue of fully revealing imagery to the reader through
the use of the artistic image in translation in terms of
representing genderism and gender-based units as a
means of its re-creation.
Particular attention should also be paid to the issue of
alternatives when recreating Gender-component
lexicon in translation. In order to achieve an alternative
in translation, translator must resort to alternative
lexicon, but not all of the time it is an easy task to find
a translation of suitable words, since words that are
part of the non-alternative lexical layer due to their
internal characteristics of each language also occur in
linguistics. Among the issues of giving gender in an
alternative form in the translation of a work of art, we
also include the opinion on the influence of the
translator on the translation, which gender is
represented. When turning a work of art from one
language to another, when choosing gender-specific
words, Kulikova (2011) points out to what extent the
personality of the translator affects, the differences in
ways in which men and women express artistry
Kulikova (2011). The researcher also elaborated on
issues such as discrepancies in the morphological,
syntactic and lexical layers of representatives of the
two sexes, leading to a number of shortcomings or vice
versa in the translation process, the harmony of views
in the choice of equivalence in the translation of the
gender lexicon by the author and translator as
representatives of the same sex. Men and women who
write in the same language influence the gender-
specific aspects of the language of artistic expression
on the criteria that must be developed to achieve
adequacy in translation. In addition, translators
representing different genders conduct analyses based
on set criteria to determine language characteristics,
the extent to which they perceive the world around
them, and the extent to which their genders can
influence translation. Based on the results of the
analysis, there were difficulties in the translation of
works written by women, which were not thematically
rich, but used a wide range of linguistic means in terms
of expressive language. As a result of our studies of
theoretical foundations, we did not encounter the
sources belonging to the main criteria for achieving an
alternative in the translation of gender lexicons, and,
relying on our acquired knowledge, we proposed to
categorize gender-specific lexical units in the
translation of works of art according to the following
criteria.
1.
Form and content alternative.
2.
Methodological alternative.
3.
Transformative alternative.
4.
Linguacultural alternative.
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
5.
Pragmatic alternative.
6.
Receptive and productive alternatives.
7.
Direct and indirect alternative.
8.
Terminological alternative.
9.
Comparative alternative.
In the translation of the gender lexicon used in works
of art, an alternative is also achieved using a wide range
of transformation types. For example, it is appropriate
to show as an example our thoughts that one of the
masterpieces of world literature, the novel “Sister
Carrie”, written by Theodore Dreiser, will be translated
into Uzbek under the name “Baxtiqaro Kerri”. The
gender-
component lexeme “sister”, which the author
uses in the original title, has lost its gendered nature as
a consequence of the translator's complete
understanding of the original, but has been turned
using a substitution method of transformation with the
word “Baxtiqaro”, covering the original content.
Transforming like this ensures that the work is an
alternative.
Just as there is a gender lexicon in the lexical layer of
each language, there are also gender terms derived
from their own internal identities. For example, there
are a number of gender terms in the English lexical
layer for the fi
eld of education, such as “schoolgirl,
schoolboy, instructor, tutor, tutoress, governess”,
there are these kind of gender indicative terms for a
particular field in the Uzbek language. In the translation
of a work of art, it should be noted that the translator
applies such gender-component units in the original
text in the case of gender lexicon or in the form of a
gender term. For example,“The superintendent of
Lowood (for such was this lady) having taken her seat
before a pair of globes placed on one of the tables,
summoned the first class round her, and commenced
giving a lesson on geography……. The superintendent
rose-
“I have a word to address to the pupils,” said she”
(Bronte, 2022). “Lovudning direktrisasi (lavozimi
shunday atalardi) mas’ul qiz olib kelib stolga qo‘ygan
ikkita globusning yoniga o‘tirib, birinchi sinfni atrofiga
to‘plab jo‘g‘rofiya fanidan dars o‘tdi…….miss Templ
o‘rnidan turdi.
-Men barcha tarbiyalanuvchi qizlarga bir
gap aytmoqchiman,-
dedi u” (Bronte, 2022). This
passage, which gives images of girls` lives, includes the
gender terms as “superintendent, pupil” from a series
of school-
area terms such as “globes, tables, first class,
lesson, geography”. For the gender
-indicative term
“superintendent” was translated with equivalent
“direktrisa” and in this place the term was indirectly
chosen from Russian using the transcription method.
The substitution method for the second translation of
this lexeme favored the anthroponym “Miss Temple”,
the name of the hero in that position. As a result, there
is a change in the term to a lexical unit in the translation
language. For the term “pupil” in neutral gendered
expression, the alternative “tarbiyalanuvchi qizlar” was
applied, and in this position the gender term was
exchanged for lexical unity. We can see that achieving
alternatives in the translation of gender terms is among
the important criteria.
In the language, words always follow each other and
are added syntagmatically, either in the form of a word
combination or a sentence, and in the paradigmatic
case in the form of certain lexical-semantic
associations. An important feature of the lexical-
semantic field of language is the grouping of words by
semantic similarity. In addition, linguistics also has the
concept of a lexical-semantic field, under which the
term is often understood, which is used to refer to the
sum of linguistic units combined with a common lexical-
semantic feature. For example, researcher Umarova
(2023) classifies the lexical-semantic field of the gender
concept in various systematic languages in the form of
gender morphemes, gender lexemes, and gender
syntaxes. This is reflected both in the linguistic surface
of gender lexicon at the lexical-semantic level, its use
by authors in fiction, and in the way translators find and
recreate them in an alternative form. It is known that
one of the higher tasks of translation is to provide the
reader with a new work equal in content, structure and
consistency,
while
maintaining
the
complete
communicativeness of the original. In translation
theory, the same consistency is divided into three
types, and they are Task consistency, content
consistency, and structural consistency. It is this type of
conformity that, when given attention to its content,
indicates a complete correspondence of translation
and originality in terms of content and meaning.
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, it is worth noting that in the translation
of gender lexicons in different systematic languages,
the main criteria for achieving an alternative are the
classification of translation by objective and subjective
factors, and in the translation of these works of art, it is
important to give gender-specific lexical units in the
form of a suitable alternative.
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