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FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PNEUMONIA IN
CHILDREN IN THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD
Shweta Raj 601, Tashkent State Dental Institute.
Scientific supervisors: Mubarakshina Aliya, Otayeva Guzal- assistants of the department of
subjects of therapeutic directions No. 1, Tashkent State Dental
Institute, Uzbekistan
Relevance.
The relevance of the topic is due to the continuing high level of pneumonia with a
severe and fulminant course in newborns, the growth of resistance of microorganisms to
antibacterial therapy, as well as the widespread use of invasive methods of respiratory support,
which complicate treatment in the neonatal period.
Objective
. To determine significant risk factors contributing to the development of respiratory
pathology, and to identify characteristic clinical signs of neonatal pneumonia.
Materials and methods.
The study included 82 babies.
•
Main group — 42 newborns with neonatal pneumonia (20 with congenital pneumonia, 22 with
RDS complicated by pneumonia).
•
Control group — 40 newborns without respiratory pathology.
The diagnosis of "congenital pneumonia" was established on the basis of clinical and
laboratory data and radiological signs in the first 72 hours of life.
Results.
The study determined that 68.7% of newborns with pneumonia were premature
(gestational age: 26-36 weeks). In newborns born by cesarean section, respiratory pathology
was noted in 60.24% of cases. The average age of mothers is comparable in both groups (~30.6
years). The mothers in the study group had pregnancy complications such as fetoplacental
insufficiency, polyhydramnios, meconium-containing fluid, colpitis, bacterial vaginosis.
Children with respiratory distress syndrome received endotracheal administration of surfactant
and antibacterial therapy. The clinical picture was dominated by:
cyanosis, involvement of
accessory muscles in breathing, weakened breathing, fine bubbling rales, focal/confluent
shadows on radiographs, increased bronchovascular pattern,
leukocytosis, neutrophilia in the complete blood count
Conclusions
Based on the study, reliable risk factors for the development of pneumonia in newborns were
identified: prematurity, chronic intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus, fetoplacental insufficiency,
respiratory failure in the first 72 hours of life. Thus, it can be concluded that the prevention of
premature birth and timely correction of pathology in pregnant women are important measures
in reducing the incidence of respiratory pathology in newborns.
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