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ETIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE INTESTINAL
INFECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Mohammad Shariq, 501st group, Faculty of General medicine
Supervisor: B.I. Buribaeva, assistant at the Department of Therapeutic disciplines
Relevance: Acute intestinal infections (AII) remain a significant global public health
issue, ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in children
under 3 years of age. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 4 billion
cases of AII are recorded annually worldwide, with approximately 60.0% occurring in early
childhood (0–3 years).
Research Findings: The etiological identification and differential diagnosis of viral and
bacterial diarrheal diseases remain insufficient, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Among all intestinal infections, cases with unknown etiology accounted for 96.6% (1910
cases), while only 2.4% (48 cases) had an identified cause, and bacterial dysentery represented
1.0% (20 cases). Of the identified pathogens, 45 cases were caused by rotavirus and 3 by E.
coli, showing a 23.8% decrease compared to the previous year. Cases with unknown etiology
decreased by 29.6% compared to the previous year.
Among children under 14, a total of 1557 cases (78.7%) were reported under
1 year: 562 cases (36.1%), ages 1–3: 612 cases (39.3%), ages 4–6: 277 cases (17.8%), ages 7–
14: 106 cases (6.8%), ages 15–19: 47 cases (2.4%), aged 20 and above: 375 cases (18.9%).
Bacterial dysentery was reported in 20 patients, 11 of which were bacteriologically
confirmed Shigella flexneri – 6 cases (54.5%), Shigella sonnei – 3 cases (27.3%), Other
Shigella spp. – 2 cases (18.2%).
Among children under 14 years of age, 16 cases (80.0%) of bacterial dysentery were
identified under 1 year – 2 cases (12.5%), ages 1–3 – 8 cases (50.0%), ages 4–6 – 6 cases
(37.5%), ages 7–14 – no cases, aged 20 and above – 4 cases (20.0%).
In the first 3 months of 2024, 40 cases of salmonellosis were recorded, compared to the
same period in 2023, incidence decreased by 31.0%. All cases were bacteriologically
confirmed Salmonella typhimurium – 1 case (2.5%), Salmonella enteritidis – 25 cases
(62.5%), other Salmonella spp. – 14 cases (35.0%).
As part of the clinical study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records
of children hospitalized in the Intestinal Infections Department of the Institute of
Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases. The clinical research included 55
children under the age of 5 diagnosed with rotavirus infection (RVI), confirmed by enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using serological
markers.
Conclusion:
The high rate of acute intestinal infections with unknown etiology in
Uzbekistan indicates the need to improve laboratory diagnostics and ensure rational antibiotic
use. Although a decrease in bacterial forms such as dysentery and salmonellosis has been
observed, additional preventive and treatment measures for AII are still necessary.
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