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DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GIANT CELL
TUMOR IN THE TIBER BONE
Yarkulov Z.M.
Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Relevance.
In the single histological classification of bone tumors, giant cell tumor of
the bone is considered a potentially malignant process. Most often, giant cell tumor affects the
terminal parts of the long bones in people over 18-20 years of age (i.e., people who have
completed the development of bone tissue are at risk). The main age category of patients is
20-55 years. The most common location of the tumor is the bones of the knee joint area (femur
and tibia), less often the forearm in the forearm and the humerus in the shoulder area. Giant
cell tumor of the bone is almost never found in flat and scaly bones, including the spine, and
in very rare cases it can occur in the bones of the craniofacial skeleton, including the jaw.
Diagnosis of the disease is based on a thorough analysis of complaints and objective
examination data. To confirm the diagnosis, X-ray examination, computed tomography or
nuclear magnetic resonance tomography is performed. In complex clinical cases, a bone biopsy
with histological examination is performed.
Research objective:
To determine the pathomorphological features of giant cell tumor
of the tibia .
Materials and methods:
Republican Center of Specialized Traumatology and
Orthopedics, Samarkand A total of 16 patients aged 15-55 years who underwent surgical
procedures at the branch of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Multidisciplinary
Clinic of Samarkand State Medical University underwent surgical materials from the femur.
In the pathomorphological assessment of morphological and morphometric changes in tumor
structures in giant cell tumor of the femur, anamnestic,
macroscopic, microscopic,
morphometric and statistical research methods were carried out.
Results and discussion:
Pathomorphological examination of a giant cell tumor removed
from the tibia during surgery revealed a macroscopically swollen, soft consistency, dark red
in some areas, resembling blood clots. Then, a pale yellow and yellow necrotic area was
observed. In some areas, large cysts were noted, and on one side, small cysts. When cut, some
cysts contained a clear fluid, while others were dead with bloody fluid. Histological
preparations prepared from this tumor showed elongated osteoblast-like cells, most of which
had oval nuclei, and some had round nuclei. In their spaces, numerous multinucleated
osteoclastlike giant cells were detected, located close to each other. The number of nuclei of
giant cells in the field of view is determined to be on average ten or more. In the field of view
of some preparations, giant cells with more than 50 nuclei and large sizes are found, and their
contours are not clearly visible. In some preparations, multinucleated giant cells are round in
shape, and their contours are clearly visible. In some areas of the field of view, there are areas
of a crack-like appearance in the interstices of the tumor tissue, in which the accumulation of
formed elements of blood is noticeable. Some areas of this area are enlarged, and in their
spaces it is determined that fragmented erythrocytes and hemosiderin pigment accumulate in
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the surrounding tissue. This area microscopically resembles a small cyst. In some preparations,
the process of mitotic division is observed in single-nucleated cells.
Conclusion:
Thus, in the giant cell tumor of the tibia, giant cells with a large number of nuclei
and irregular contours are detected. Their number is high and they are located close to each
other. A microcystic process occurs in the peripheral areas of the tumor. Mitotic division is
noted in mononuclear cells, and necrotic changes are activated in the cells around them. In
some fields of view, necrotic changes and perinuclear edema are detected in the nuclei located
in giant cells. Foci of necrosis are noted in the peripheral areas of giant cells.
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