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УДК:323.2
THE MECHANISM OF INTERACTION OF PRIORITIES
OF FOOD PROVISION AND STRATEGIES FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
МЕХАНИЗМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТОВ
ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ И СТРАТЕГИИ
РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА
OZIQ-OVQAT BILAN TA’MINLASHNING USTUVOR
YO’NALISHLARI VA AGROSANOAT MAJMUASINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
STRATEGIYALARINING O’ZARO TA’SIRI MEXANIZMI
Khumoyun Kh. Egamberdiev ¹
Abstract
The article considers the mechanism of interaction of priorities of food provision and strategies for the
development of the agro-industrial complex. The notion of “imported food” as well as the positive and negative
consequences of this policy impact the national economy, as a whole. Herewith, it considers the interrelation
between pursuing the policy of import substitution in agriculture and the food safety of regions. The author considers
the essence of the notion of “food provision”, as well as questions and criteria related to ensuring food safety on
the level of the region. When defining the basic goals of the import substitution policy to ensure food safety, the
author analyzes the areas of improving the doctrine of food safety used within the import substitution policy to
ensure the food safety of the country.
¹ PhD “Иқтисод ва молия” кафедраси, ALFRAGANUS UNIVERSITY, Тошкент, Ўзбекистон, Почта: humoyun7807@mail.ru@mail.ru;
ORCID: 0000-0003-1228-3434
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INTRODUCTION
Rural areas and the agricultural sector are currently
experiencing a radically new social and economic
situation that barely fits the existing national agricultural
policy as a long-term instrument for stimulating the agri-
food market and the government’s support of the agrarian
sector and, primarily, agriculture that underlies it. In the
age of globalization of national agri-food markets, food
supply security based on import substitution can be
ensured in a macroeconomic environment that favors
the development of a competitive agricultural industry.
In the course of human history, the provision of
food to the population has been one of the most crucial
government tasks. The country’s food security is an
integral part of its national security. Improving the
provision of high-quality food to the population is an
essential socio-economic task, the solution of which is
of great importance for Uzbekistan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In compliance with this thesis, from theoretical and
methodological positions, it is necessary to make some
clarifications to several concepts that are of fundamental
importance in the development of an effective agri-food
policy in the formation of a sustainable food security
system at different territorial levels.
From the methodological aspect, the mechanism of
interaction of priorities of food provision and strategies
for the development of the agro-industrial complex
and enhancing of competitiveness of (regional)
agro-industrial complex make a socially organized
and institutionally arranged process of cooperation
co-ordination of decision making at a macro level, on
one hand, and at mezzo and micro-levels on the other
hand, in order to provide a competitive level of quality
and process of final products of processing and trade
in the agro-industrial complex through the development
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается механизм взаимодействия приоритетов продовольственного обеспе-
чения и стратегий развития агропромышленного комплекса. Понятие “импортное продовольствие”,
а также положительные и отрицательные последствия этой политики влияют на национальную
экономику в целом. При этом рассматривается взаимосвязь между проведением политики импорто-
замещения в сельском хозяйстве и продовольственной безопасностью регионов. Автор рассматри-
вает сущность понятия “продовольственное обеспечение”, а также вопросы и критерии, связанные с
обеспечением продовольственной безопасности на уровне региона. При определении основных целей
политики импортозамещения для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности автор анализирует
направления совершенствования доктрины продовольственной безопасности, используемой в рамках
политики импортозамещения для обеспечения продовольственной безопасности страны.
Annotatsiya
Maqolada oziq-ovqat bilan ta’minlashning ustuvor yo’nalishlari va agrosanoat majmuasini rivojlantirish
strategiyalarining o’zaro ta’siri mexanizmi ko’rib chiqildi. “Import qilingan oziq-ovqat” tushunchasi, shuningdek,
ushbu siyosatning ijobiy va salbiy oqibatlari umuman milliy iqtisodiyotga ta’sirini o’rganib chiqildi. Qishloq xo’jaligida
import o’rnini bosish siyosati va hududlarning oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi o’rtasidagi o’zaro bog’liqlikni o’rganildi. Muallif
“oziq-ovqat bilan ta’minlash” tushunchasining mohiyatini, shuningdek, mintaqa darajasida oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini
ta’minlash bilan bog’liq savollar va mezonlar yoritildi. Oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlash uchun import o’rnini bosish
siyosatining asosiy maqsadlarini belgilashda muallif mamlakatning oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlash uchun import
o’rnini bosish siyosatida ishlatiladigan oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi doktrinasini takomillashtirish yo’nalishlarini tahlil qilindi.
Keywords:
Food provision, region, imported food, subcomplex, food safety, food provision
appropriate management mechanism WTO, Agro-Industrial Complex, food security, agricultural sector.
Ключевые слова:
Продовольственное обеспечение, регион, импортные продукты пита-
ния, подкомплекс, продовольственная безопасность, соответствующий механизм управле-
ния продовольственным обеспечением, Агропромышленный комплекс, продовольственная
безопасность, сельскохозяйственный сектор.
Kalit so’zlar:
Oziq-ovqat bilan ta’minlash, mintaqa, import qilingan oziq-ovqat, subkompleks,
oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi, oziq-ovqat ta’minoti tegishli boshqaruv mexanizmi, agrosanoat majmuasi,
oziq-ovqat xavfsizligi, qishloq xo’jaligi sektori.
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and implementation of business and technological
innovations and new forms of social and economic
organization and division of labor.
RESULTS
Food security is a complex concept containing
at least two significations. The first is related to the
purely economic process of food provision. The
second is caused by the importance of food security
to maintain national security in its internal and external
manifestations.
In scientific publications, this concept of «food
security» is interpreted in several ways. Thus, the food
security of Uzbekistan and its regions is understood as
«such a guaranteed level of quantitative and qualitative
provision of food available to all, in which the maximum
possible average life expectancy of people in modern
conditions is achieved» [1].
Many authors consider the concept of food security
as well as the ability of the state to guarantee the
satisfaction of the needs of the population of the country
for food at a level that ensures its normal functioning. At
the same time, an important condition for the country’s
food security is the satisfaction of the main part of the
food needs at the expense of domestic production.
This vital function is carried out by the agro-industrial
complex (AIC).
The food security of the regions is based «on a
rational division of labor in the field of agricultural
production, a rational combination in the consumption
of local and imported products, the absence of any
barriers to interregional food trade» [2].
The reliability of the state’s food security is
determined by several indicators, the most essential
of which is the following:
▶
the level of agricultural production of the
country; the degree of self-sufficiency in food; the
availability of rolling stocks; the level of consumption
of critical products and the degree of availability of
food for the poorest part of the population and the
size of this group;
▶
in general, the food security of our country
consists of the level of food self-sufficiency of each
of its regions, if we approach this problem not only
from the standpoint of stable self-sufficiency in
agricultural products, raw materials, and food but
also from the employment of the rural population.
After all, it is possible to solve the problem of agri-
food products through its import, especially since
initially, until the complete cessation of domestic
agricultural production, prices for it will be lower
than prices for food produced in the country. Such
a situation is quite possible in the case, for example,
of a country’s accession to the WTO.
Naturally, such a variant of the country’s food
provision is not admissible, since it does not meet
the interests of its security — not only food, but also
economic. However, this raises several questions that
require explanation:
1. If the country’s food security system consists
of the volume of production of agricultural products,
raw materials, and food in the regions as subjects
of the republic and collectively constituting a single
whole - the country, then is there a problem with
food security of a single region (or several regions),
or should we talk only about their self-sufficiency?
2. At what proportion of regions in the country
are unable to self-sustain themselves with the major
types of agri-food products produced in them, we
can discuss the following problems:
▶
the critical level of food security of the state as
a whole or only its regions;
▶
food security at the regional level;
▶
food security and food independence of the
country.
3. Who exactly at the state level is responsible
for observing the acceptable level of food security
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of an individual in each region?
4. At what proportion of regions that are unable
to ensure food independence, that is, incapable of
bringing food self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs to a
normative level, can we assert the critical importance
of food dependence of the country as a whole?
5. In determining the level of food independence
of a country, should we proceed from the optimal
value of food dependence, taking into account the
expansion of world economic relations, in the whole
country, or from the maximum level of self-sufficiency
of most of its regions?
6. Is it possible to consider the country’s food
security achieved if it is provided only for a short
period, for example, for one year, or is it necessary
to take into account several years?
In connection with the above-mentioned, the
following definition could be given: «The food supply
of the region is a process of sustainable satisfaction of
the population in food products within the framework
of scientifically-based medical standards, taking into
account its gender and age groups and effective
demand on the basis of more efficient use of the
resources of the food subcomplex and the use of a
competitive food wholesale and retail system that meets
its interests, capable of optimizing the distribution of
regional and imported food in large cities, industrial
centers, and individual territorial formations, as well
as ensuring its implementation at affordable prices for
the majority of the population with an optimal share of
imports.» The concept of «imported food» includes food
products imported to the region not only from far and
near abroad but also from other regions of the country
within the framework of existing trade relations.
At the same time, the regulatory role of the state here
should be manifested, in our opinion, in the organization
of a more purposeful distribution of imported food flows
to domestic regions, using legislative and legal levers
and a motivational mechanism corresponding to the
interests of the region. For instance, in the northern
territories, where the level of food self-sufficiency is
low and agricultural production is high-cost, food is
imported from far and near abroad. It should be noted
that the employment of the rural population in such
regions is carried out on the basis of the development
of diversified agricultural entrepreneurship, as well as
through the production of agricultural products in private
subsidiary farms. The missing agro-food products in
other, non-northern territorial formations are imported
from other regions of Uzbekistan. The question remains
open, how much agricultural products to produce
in the regions and how much to import is a serious
socio-economic problem. It affects the interests of
the state, entrepreneurship, and the population of the
regions associated with increasing rural employment
based on the development of agricultural production,
preserving the rural lifestyle and the multifunctional
role of agriculture and strengthening the country’s food
independence.
In the available literary sources, several variants of
the approach to determining the level of food security
related to food security and food independence are
proposed. Thus, in one source, an attempt is made to
solve the problem based on mathematical modeling,
based on the production of the main types of agricultural
products necessary to meet the average per capita
needs at the level of the consumer basket, taking into
account such factors as the level of state financial
support for agriculture, the volume of imported food, the
size of household incomes, the level of environmental
pollution of agricultural products [3].
DISCUSSION
In another, the state of food security is assessed
by such indicators as the sufficiency of minimum
costs, pensions, and benefits for access of socially
vulnerable groups to food at the level of established
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norms, the minimum required volume of production of
agri-food products, the size of transitional and strategic
food stocks for two levels (sufficient and minimum
necessary), as well as the real volume and quality
of nutrition in the context of these levels. Thirdly, a
«multifactorial influence on the economic availability of
food (according to 25 indicators) is given based on a
comparison of per capita income of the population and
retail prices» [4]. At the same time, the level of economic
availability of food can be determined by taking into
account the volume and structure of food purchases by
different categories of the population, with the addition of
such indicators as the volume of imported and exported
food, the size of state food funds and reserves, as well
as the volume of food for national needs.
An attempt at an integrated approach to assessing
the possibilities of food self-sufficiency in the region
was first made by V. Maslakov. However, even in
this methodological approach, there is no connection
between the assessment and the development
opportunities of the regional agro-industrial complex,
especially its agricultural sector, which is the basis for
creating a sustainable regional food supply system [5].
At the same time, it is taken into account that the priority
development of the agricultural sector directly consists
of a set of strategies and tasks for each agricultural
enterprise in the region. In this regard, the following
definition could be proposed: «The priority development
of an organization —agro-enterprise) is, firstly, the
choice and justification of its mission, the main and
related goals of socio-economic development; secondly,
it is the development of a mechanism (algorithm) for
solving problems that ensures the choice of the optimal
option for achieving the main and related tasks with
minimal resource consumption and overcoming various
kinds of risks; thirdly, it is a mechanism for achieving
competitive advantages in the market, provided that the
rational interaction of the enterprise with the surrounding
market and environmental environments is ensured»[6].
CONCLUSION
An essential stage is the selection of tasks, the
solution of which in a logical sequence will ensure the
processes of optimizing the choice of a rational option
for achieving the main and related goals. Moreover, the
optimality of the resulting development option, obtained
with minimal expenditure of resources, should be
adjusted to minimize the cumulative risk. As for specific
advantages, the mechanism for achieving them is very
complex, since it is necessary to take into account not
only the relevant antitrust legislation, which is related
to the market environment but also the violation of
requirements that can be prosecuted by the law.
Therefore, the enterprise’s desire to achieve
competitive advantages in the market should take
place on the condition of ensuring the harmonization of
relations with the business environment, the population
of the territories, and the state. This conclusion is typical
for the agro-industrial complex as a whole. However,
the implementation of the selected priorities will require
an appropriate management mechanism.
1. Vartanova M. L. Food security of the country and the ways out of the global
food crisis: monograph /Vartanova M. L. — Moscow: Biblio-Globus, 2016.
2. Kostyaev A. I., Timofeev, M. W. National and regional food security //SB.
scientific works of the International jubilee conference. — Moscow : RASKHN,
UNITECH, 2000. S. 500.
3. Ezersky, E. N., Pavlova, S. N., Drokin, V. V., Postweb, A. L. Formation of
a regional system of food security. - Yekaterinburg : UrGSHA, 2004.
4. Altukhov, A. I. Methodology for determining the level of food security of the country //
Agroindustrial complex : economics, management. 2006. No. 8. p. 2.
5. Zmami M, Ben-Salha O. What factors contribute to the volatility of food prices? New global
evidence. Agric. Econ. - Czech. 2023;69(5):171-184. doi: 10.17221/99/2023-AGRICECON.
6. Benton, T. & Bailey, R. (2019) The paradox of productivity: agricultural productivity promotes
food system inefficiency. Global Sustainability, 2, E6.
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