20
gаrchi ulаr qisqа vаqt orаlig’dа sodir bo’lsаdа. Shungа qаrаmаsdаn, аniq lingvistik dаlillаr hаm mаvjudki,
semelfаktiv predikаtlаr dаrhol sodir bo’luvchi holаtlаrni hosil qilаdi.
REFERENCES:
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Abney, S. The English Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspects.-London:1987 ,pp21-22.
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Barcelona A. Metonymy in cognitive linguistics: An analysis and a
few modest proposals.- Amsterdam; 2003, pp. 223-255.
3.
Barlow, M. and S. Kemmer. Usage Based Models of Language,- Stanford;2000, pp56-57.
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Beitel, D. A., Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., and P. Sanders. The embodied
approach to the polysemy of the spatial preposition on. – Amsterdam; 2001, pp.
241-260.
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Bennett, D. Spatial and Temporal Uses of English Prepositions:
An Essay in Stratificational Semantics.- London; Cambridge: Harvard University
Press; 1975,pp 234-235.
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Bowden F. Behind the Preposition: Grammaticalisation of Locatives
in Oceanic Languages. -Canberra: Australian National University
Printing Service; 2005, pp45-46.
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Bybee, L, R. Perkins, and W. Pagliuca. The Evolution of Grammar:
Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World.
Chicago and London.- The University of Chicago Press;1974,pp 67-68.
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Cadiot, P. Schematics and motifs in the semantics of prepositions.- Berlin;2001,pp 43-46.
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Jabbarovna, S. N. (2020). DISCURSIVE-PRAGMATIC AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE
EVENT OF THE EVALUATION CATEGORY IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF THE
WORLD (IN THE MATERIAL IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES).
PalArch's Journal of
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Jabbarovna, S. N. (2022). APPEARANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF ASSESSMENT IN THE ARTISTIC
TEXT.
Web of Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal
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Jabbarovna, S. N. (2022). APPEARANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF ASSESSMENT IN THE ARTISTIC
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Web of Scientist: International Scientific Research Journal
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Yusupov, O. (2019). Functional-Semantic Features Of Lexical Doublets In English.
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МАСАЛАЛАРИ.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСКУССТВО СЛОВА
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Иностранная
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, (3 (72)), 69-73.
EMOTIONAL CONCEPTS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGY
Boypoʻlatova Mahliyo Bektemirovna
SamSIFL Magistr
Abstract:
this work is devoted to the study means of phraseological representation of emotive
concepts in Russian and English on the example of concept «гордость-«pride» The relevance of this study is
due to the fact that the work was carried out within the framework of cognitive phraseology, a modern
direction linguistics, and is aimed at studying the problem of the relationship of linguistic units and cognitive
structures of knowledge representation in the aspect phraseological conceptualization of the selected
emotions. Phraseological units contain in its semantics, the stages of the formation of the culture of the
people, thereby determining and conveying long-term national attitudes, stereotypes, ideals, established in
the phraseological system of the language, which speaks of worldview, traditions and cultural and national
experience of carrier’s language
Key phrases:
phraseology, pride, idea, attitudes, stereotypes, ideals, linguistic, non-linguistic.
In the idea, that is a multidimensional intellectual formation, the outcomes of man's assimilation of the
global are concentrated. Conceptualization reality, primarily based totally on perception, ends in the
emergence principles that stand up via representations. By collecting symptoms and symptoms inherent in
diverse objects, principles are evaluated, which in precise cultural area involves the transformation of
principles standards. “The idea is consequently a idea immersed in precise linguocultural context ... ".
21
In relation to emotional ideas, at the start look it can appear logical to categorise them as universal, for
the reason that feelings themselves are "the valuable component that makes the representatives of various
ethnic groups extra or much less just like every other." It turned into additionally observed that emotional
principles are characterised via way of means of ethnospecificity, defined with the aid of using “an person
emotional fashion and the countrywide index of a given tradition ", which, in turn, are predetermined with
the aid of using the various nature of the manifestation “Multidimensional interactions” of subculture,
language and feelings.
Relying on a majority of these factors, N.A. Krasavsky defines an emotional idea as "ethnically" culturally
conditioned, structural and semantic, as a rule, lexically and / or phraseologically verbalized education,
primarily based totally on a conceptual basis, including, similarly to the idea itself, an image, cultural price
and objects (with inside the broadest feel of the word) of the arena functionally substituting for someone with
inside the method of mirrored image and communication, which reason a partial mind-set of someone toward
them ”
It is likewise really well worth noting that one of the fundamental distinguishing functions of emotional ideas
is their intelligibility, intending from the truth that feelings, obviously, are inaccessible to direct visible
observation and represent "incorporeal and hard to realize abstraction ". Based at the above perspectives of
cultural linguists at the idea and emotional idea, the latter can be understood on this paintings as a intellectual
unit of a excessive diploma of abstraction, which plays the characteristic of metapsychic law and displays
with inside the linguistic cognizance the centuries-antique revel in of introspection of an ethnos with inside
the shape of universal and culturally particular thoughts approximately emotional experiences.This
interpretation of the essence of an emotional idea, as a culturally marked verbalized which means, which the
local speaker endows together along with his feelings, makes it feasible to unmarried out conceptual,
figurative and fee aspects, the explication of which includes using diverse techniques of
linguoculturological analysis.
1.
Lexical which means in cognitive technology is associated with the idea because of understanding and is
taken into consideration as a sort of facts that saved in human memory. The cognitive technique is aimed
toward figuring out all kinds of understanding pondered in a complicated shape principles, and, accordingly,
lexical meanings. As a consequence, the cognitive interpretation of phrases offers us the possibility to
differentiate in lexical which means qualitatively new components.
2.
Cognitive linguistics asserts that the idea isn't always tied to at least one linguistic sign: it's miles denoted
through many symptoms and symptoms - as linguistic, and non-linguistic - and is in no way absolutely
expressed. Any idea is positioned with inside the mind of various folks that are a part of this or that society;
having a not unusual place component for everyone, it additionally consists of many variable functions -
social, group, character. Concepts, and with them, the idea sphere, are in consistent development, they lose a
few capabilities, collect a few, and regulate a few. Therefore, on the way to get thru the evaluation of the
language the maximum entire image of the functions of a idea this is a part of the conceptual sphere of a
selected human beings, it's far vital to encompass with inside the look at now no longer handiest
lexicographic, but additionally psychologically actual its filling.
3.
Phraseologism is used as a whole, now no longer challenge to in addition fragmentation and typically
does now no longer allow the rearrangement of additives inside itself. The technique of phraseologization is
an abstraction from a particular photograph or real scenario via metaphorization and rearrangement of this.
Phraseologism –approach illustration of a phraseological idea.
4.
In the phraseological photo of the sector of every person language there are not unusualplace common
houses and countrywide characteristics, manifested each in phrases of expression and in phrases of content.
Phraseologisms without delay or not directly consist of cultural records approximately the arena and society.
5.
Emotions serve to represent the desires of someone and the items at which they may be aimed, this is one
of the important mechanisms for regulating the practical nation of the frame and human activities. The topic
of feelings has usually been exciting for scientists of absolutely unique clinical disciplines: philologists,
teachers, linguists, philosophers, psychologists. Emotions are an fundamental a part of the emotional image
of the sector, that is meant as a worldview, projected via way of means of the emotional sphere of
cognizance and reflecting price priorities withinside the countrywide photo of the sector.
6.
In emothiology, the expression of feelings is thought as their direct speech manifestation, produced with
the assist of particular units - emotives, the semantics of which “induces emotional attitude "to the specified
item of reality.
7.
Virtually each language imposes its very own category into the emotional revel in of someone, that is
what makes it viable to name feelings a "taxon of culture": their concepts, having "Material exponents
withinside the language", at the same time as demonstrating ethnic and cultural specifics. The emotional idea
is understood as a intellectual unit of a excessive diploma of abstraction that plays the feature metapsychics
22
law and reflecting withinside the linguistic focus the centuries-antique revel in of introspection of the ethnos
withinside the shape of generic and culturally particular thoughts approximately emotional experiences.In
contemporary-day dictionaries of the Russian language, the lexical and semantic which means of pleasure is
taken into consideration, first of all, as self-esteem; secondly, the idea of the noun delight is provided as a
sense of pleasure from fulfillment in any hobby and superiority in something. And third, satisfaction may be
synonymous with “pleasure- “гордыня”. Pride manner:
1.
A feeling of self-appreciate and private worth
2.
Unreasonable and inordinate self-esteem (personified as one of the lethal sins)
3.
The trait of being spurred on through a dislike of falling under your requirements
4.
Satisfaction with your achievements [3, 12.]
In contemporary-day dictionaries of the English language, an in depth description of pleasure is offered, it's
far taken into consideration as an emotion (feeling, emotion) as a trait or item of satisfaction. Pride is related
to private worth, self-appreciate and fulfillment (you've got got carried out smth. Well; personal smth. That
different human beings admire; your or any other achievements). The dictionary access considers delight as
one of these person trait with which an person needs to fulfill sure requirements and criteria (private or
social): "spurred on via way of means of a dislike of falling beneath your requirements." This may be both a
advantageous quality – self appreciate, or bad - unreasonable, inordinate self-esteem. A terrible evaluation of
baseless satisfaction is echoed withinside the following characterization as "one of the lethal sins."
Synonymous semantic row of the idea "satisfaction" in Russian lexicography is represented through such
nouns as: arrogance, pomp, arrogance. The meanings of the synonyms of satisfaction are in semantic
functions, with terrible connotations. The dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language does now no
longer call definitely coloured synonyms, however, the phrases pleasure, proud withinside the contemporary-
day Russian language, find their utility in a nice sense. The closest in which means to the lexeme delight is
the expression of self-esteem and the noun self-esteem, they may be used to interpret satisfaction as a fine
quality.
Psychologists factor out the duality of feelings, which unearths affirmation withinside the look at of the
illustration of the idea withinside the lexical composition of the language. The manifestation of such
anemotion as delight may be each a tremendous and a poor high-satisfactory of an individual. The
synonymous that means of the idea "satisfaction-гордость" is permissible constitute the subsequent agencies
of synonyms:
1)
negatively coloured synonyms: arrogance-высокомерие, arrogance-заносчивость, arrogance-спесь,
arrogance-кичливость, puffiness-надутость, pomp- напыщенность. Data synonyms are quantitatively
provided maximum fully.
2)
definitely coloured synonyms: self-esteem- чувство собственногодостоинства, satisfaction-
самолюбие.
As a end result of the look at of English-language lexicographic sources, some of nouns have been diagnosed
that outline diverse description of the “satisfaction” emotion shade: vanity, conceit, arrogance, haughtiness,
hauteur, lordliness, loftiness; dignity, self-respect, self-regard, self-esteem.You also can discover comparable
traits of the synonymous collection with the dominan“pleasure”: satisfaction (satisfaction as self-esteem,
self-respect- гордость как чувство собственного достоинства, самоуважение) and superbia (pleasure as
arrogance, vanity- гордость как высокомерие, тщеславие). Etymologically, the English synonyms of
pleasure are characterised thru the concept of unreasonable and unsupported claims of the individual (vanity
- "emptiness"- пустота, conceit - "deception, cunning- обман, хитрост"), apparent traits of a proud man
(haughty, lofty - "excessive"- высокий), a demonstration of belonging to the higher magnificence and an
recognition of a persons value (lordliness, dignity-).
In Russian and English lexicography, the synonymous semantic row of the idea "pleasure / satisfaction" is
represented through businesses of synonyms: negatively coloured synonyms, respectively), and undoubtedly
coloured synonyms. The descriptive traits of the idea can display a substantive the predominance of
negatively specified lexemes. The synonyms of the adjective proud are provided a good deal extra fully: 46
synonyms in English dictionaries (arrogant, conceited, vain, self-important, complete of oneself, narcissistic,
egotistical, puffed up, jumped-up, boastful, smug, complacent, disdainful, condescending, pretentious,
scornful, supercilious, snobbish, imperious, pompous, overbearing, bumptious, lordly, presumptuous,
overweening, haughty, excessive and mighty, excessive-handed, pleased (with), glad (about / at), happy
(about / at / with), delighted (about / at / with), joyful (at), overjoyed (at / over), thrilled (at / about / via way
of means of / with), nicely pleased (with), satisfied (with), gratified (at), content material (at), appreciative
(of), cocky, massive-headed, swollen-headed, too huge for one's boots, stuck-up, uppity, snooty, toffee-
nosed) and 14 in Russian: (горделивый, высокомерный, заносчивый, надменный, кичливый, спесивый,
чванный; брезгливый, презрительный, пренебрежительный, претенциозный; самолюбивый,
23
обидчивый, надутый).
According to the studies of S.A. Malakhova, this can be because of historic functions and situations of the
formation of Russian and English societies all through the Middle Ages and Modern Times. In the Middle
Ages in England (18-19th centuries) the system of the emergence of a society divided into estates is
nullified, which will become the purpose for the emergence of such ideas as estates dignity, honor,
obligations and rights -all the above have been inextricably connected with the idea of "delight" as a
synonym for private and social dignity. In Russia, the system of forming the ruling elegance proceeded tons
extra slowly. Nobility shaped through the cease of the 18th century, the bourgeoisie through the stop of the
nineteenth century, the autocratic-despotic manner of authorities laid the muse and gave upward push to the
version behavior "dominance-submission", which did not permit the emergence of estates with a enough
degree of private dignity amongst its representatives [ 2009, 67.]
Presumably, it became those variations that imposed its imprint at the formation of linguistic culture. The
linguistic character in England is greater differentiated and via a extra quantity of lexemes with poly version
semantic content material displays the idea of delight in its numerous manifestations. An adjective natural-
morphic metaphor is represented in English texts through such semantic agencies as a shadeation metaphor
and a temperature metaphor, for example: darkish pleasure, muckle pleasure, stainless pleasure, fiery delight.
The zoomorphic metaphor is a lot much less common: serpent pleasure, turkey-cock pleasure. In Russian
poetic texts, similar to in English, we are able to locate examples wherein pleasure is offered as an emotional
country related to illness: "In bare feeling, and in aching satisfaction, / He bears the unbroken blast from each
side" (Burns). In Russian and English, the sort of metaphorical word as "wounded delight- раненая
гордость" is taken into consideration stable: "darken'd brow, wherein wounded satisfaction / With ire and
sadness vied "
The essential thoughts for outlining delight withinside the Russian and English language photograph of
the world are: elevation, boom and the fall; detrimental beginning, evil; fight; hearthplace and cold;
loneliness. Metaphorical expressions used to outline delight, have a sure similarity withinside the Russian
and English languages, which, most likely, may be defined with the aid of using the universality of the taken
into consideration human emotion, in addition to the universality of the fundamental archetypes underlying
the human interpretation of the world. This remark additionally lets in for the presence of country wide
specifics withinside the conceptualization of the encircling world. During our research, we determined
English phraseological devices representing the PRIDE idea.
The main sort of phraseological gadgets in keeping with their shape on this block is the combination "verb
noun" (to pocket one's delight, to experience the excessive horse). Phraseologisms of this organization are in
particular verbal -predicative and in a sentence most customarily act as a predicate. According to V.
Vinogradov's type consistent with the diploma of semantic in decomposability, the main sort of
phraseological devices are phraseological devices (to journey the excessive horse, to wound smb's pleasure,
withinside the satisfaction of one's heart).
According to English phraseological gadgets, metaphorically, pleasure is perceived as conduct that
necessarily results in defeat, ethical and social downfall (delight is going earlier than a fall; up like a rocket,
down like a stick), reward to oneself is of no value (sing his own praises isn't anyt any recommendation), and
dignity is the very best value (to stand on one’s dignity, underneath one’s dignity, in one’s personal conceit).
During our research, we located 8 Russian phraseological devices representing the idea of PRIDE.
The main form of phraseological gadgets of their shape on this block is the combination "verb noun"
(to pocket one's delight, to journey the excessive horse). Phraseologisms of this organization are specially
verb - predicative and in a sentence most customarily act as a predicate. According to the class in line with
the diploma of semantic indecomposability, V. Vinogradov, the main kind of phraseological devices are
phraseological unity (to experience the excessive horse, to wound smb's satisfaction, withinside the
satisfaction of one's heart).
According to V. Vinogradov's class in line with the diploma of semantic indecomposability, the main
form of phraseological devices are phraseological combinations (with head held excessive, pompous look- с
гордо поднятой головой, напыщенный вид). The phraseologism ‘to visit Canossa- идти в Каноссу” is
primarily based totally on a ancient metaphor and has the which means “to compromise your dignity,
recognizing yourself addicted, defeated, humiliated in the front of someone. Canossa is an historic mountain
citadel withinside the northern Italian province of Reggio Emilia. The call of the citadel won its repute all
through the struggle German Emperor Henry IV with the guideline of thumb of Pope Gregory VII, claiming
now no longer best ecclesiastical, however additionally secular energy in Christian countries. When the
emperor found out that he had lost, he, with a goal renovation of strength, went to Italy to the Pope to bow -
Apologize. Pope, who turned into at that time withinside the citadel of Canossa, pressured the German
emperor to go through a unique ritual to acquire this forgiveness: Henry needed to placed on the garments of
24
the penitent sinner, come to the papal palace and look ahead to the head of the Catholic the church will deign
to simply accept him and forgive his sins. The German emperor spent beneathneath the home windows of the
fort for 3 days earlier than the Pope invited him to go into and get hold of absolution. Phraseologism to stroll
the trump- ходить козырём card got here from Ancient Russia, while boyars, unlike commoners, have been
sewn to the gate get dressed caftan collar embroidered with silver, gold and pearls, which turned into known
as a "trump card". The trump card caught up impressively, giving the proud bearing of the boyars. From
here, on foot as a trump card method on foot is important, with delight, with dignity in Russian phraseology,
pleasure is related to sure outside manifestations (pompous look- напыщенный вид, flip up your nose-
задирать нос, together along with your head held excessive- с гордо поднятой головой, stroll your trump
card- ходить козырём).
Thus, lexical that means in cognitive technology is related to the idea because of expertise and is taken
into consideration as a form of statistics saved in human memory. At the equal time, it's far postulated that
the idea and lexical that means belong to a unmarried degree of abstracting generalizing gadgets of
consciousness, which presupposes a famous isomorphism in their structures. The cognitive method is aimed
at figuring out all varieties of understanding which might be pondered withinside the complicated shape of
concepts, and as a result, lexical meanings. Consequently, the cognitive interpretation of phrases makes it
feasible to unmarried out various qualitatively new additives withinside the lexical which means.
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SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL
SYNTAXES THAT REPLACE NP2
Abdiyeva Vazira Ashurovna
Teacher of SamSIFL
