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When we analyze the content of expressions, the usage of some words is different. The wide range of
metonymy, metaphor and similar is the main tool of expressiveness in their content in Uzbek and English
languages.
When determining the object of phraseology, there are different hypotheses. The object of
phraseology is formed by fixed and stable compounds. The science of phraseology is a language that studies
the lexical, contextual, structural features of phraseological units and investigates the properties arise in the
system and use in context. Phraseology reveals the interaction of language and culture which is the highest
peak of linguistic knowledge.
Although the recognition of phraseology as a separate science has increased through several stages, it
has already formed as a separate branch of linguistics, which has its own internal structure, research
questions. Although many problems in it are still waiting for its solution in modern linguistics,
phraseological issues are being investigated step by step.
While conducting comparative analysis of idiomatic expressions from Uzbek language into English,
there is such a huge difference between cultural identity and naming proper names in the content of the
phraseological units. Nevertheless, there are similarities among them. Overall, the target of the research
analysis is to compare and contrast the idiomatic expressions in the process of translation.
REFERENCES
1.
Арсентьева, Е.Ф. Сопоставительный анализ фразеологических единиц: (Наматериале
фразеологических единиц, семантически ориентированных на человека в англ. и рус.языках) /
Е.Ф. Арсентьева. – Казань: Изд-во Казан.1989.
2.
Bashiyeva S.K. Stylistic component of phraseological meaning: Author's abstract. - Krasnodar:
KSU.1995.
3.
Belfaqeeh.N.
Strategies
for
translating
idioms
and
culturally-bound
expressions.
http://www.cels.bham.ac.uk/resources/essays/Noor_Balfaqeeh_822875Diss.pdf
(accessed
12/02/2011). 2009.
4.
Carter, R. Vocabulary: Applied Linguistics Perspectives (2nd edin). London and New York:
Routledge.1998.
5.
Kabulianskiy K.G. Savelyeva. Concise dictionary of modern English idioms/ Astrel: AST:
Keeper.2007.
6.
Munday. J. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications.USA and Canada:
Routledge.2001.
7.
Musaev, K. Lexical and phraseological issues of literary translation. Tashkent. 1980.
8.
Rakhmatullaev. G. Phraseological dictionary of the Uzbek language, Tashkent. General edition of
encyclopedias.1992.
9.
Ne’matullayevna, Z. N., Gulrux, H., Mirsaidovna, K. S., Nasimovich, H. H., & Furkatzoda, T. B.
(2020). The Role Of Verbs, Types Of Verbs AS Well AS Lexical, Morphological, And Syntactic
Characteristics Of Verbs In English Language. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(12),
57-60.
10.
Мамаёкубова, Ш. (2019). Тилшуносликда гап бўлаклари ва синтактик алоқалар
масалалари.
Иностранная филология: язык, литература, образование
, (2 (71)), 130-137.
11.
Zubaydova, N. N. M. (2020). THE ROLE OF COUNTRY STUDIES IN TEACHING
ENGLISH. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 310-312.
12.
Mamasharifovich, N. B., Bakhtiyarovna, I. L., Oblakulovna, M. S., Mirsaidovna, K. S., &
Mirzakarimovna, Y. D. Pragmatics and Its Role in Touristic Context.
JournalNX
, 392-394.
THE CONCEPT “TIME” IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
Suraganova Asem Murat qizi,
Uzbek State World Languages University Master’s student
Annotation:
This article proposes and analyzes the concept of "time" on the basis of the proverbial fund of
Russian and English languages. It was tried to establish the features of the development of Russian and
English proverbs and sayings and to study worldpictureof the concept "time".
Key words:
concept “time”, cognitive linguistics, proverbs, linguistic picture of the world at the moment,
inlight of globalization, the language is particularly interested in cross-cultural understanding. It is important
to note that the concept is a significant topic incognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics studies the
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connections between mental models and language expressions corresponding to these models. Thus, it is
trying to find its answer to the very ancient, but still open question “how the mind works” and describe how
language reflects mental processes. It is important to note that the concept is a significant to picin cognitive
linguistics.
A.Ya. Gurevich divides linguistic and cultural concepts into philosophical categories (time, space,
cause, change, movement), and social, so-called cultural categories (freedom, law, justice, labor, wealth,
property) [Гуревич, А. Я. 1984: 37]. The concept of "time" is extremely interesting and at the same time
complex – we perceive everything in the world through its prism. Time is an extremely abstract phenomenon
and access to the essence, perception of time is possible through language: ideas about time and its
qualitative content, formed in consciousness as a result of natural temporal experience, are embodied in
symbolic forms and become the property of language.
A proverb is a brief and clear expression of a long experience, the consequence of absorbing the past.
Since ancient times, mankind has been accompanied by proverbs and sayings. A.N.Afanasiev wrote that
“proverbs, by their very form, are not subject to distortion and therefore are a monument to long-established
views. Proverbs are the main source of the wisdom of ancestors, keepers of memory and a tool for the
transfer of human experience" [Афанасьев А.Н. 1996: 15].
The basic unit (element) of the proverbial picture of the world is a proverb. Her cognitive model,
according to E.V.Ivanova, consists of two levels - meaning and internal form, forming a double frame. At the
level of meaning, there is knowledge about the norms of morality accepted in society, patterns of behavior,
and the accumulated experience of existing in the world. Thus, this knowledge is the property of the
language community. It is fixed with the help of a linguistic sign. The inner form acts as a "picture" of
everyday life. For example,
Москва не сразу строилась, Rome was not built in a day.
In both English and
Russian, the proverb means the following: any big thing cannot be done in a short period of time, at once. As
a picture of everyday life in Russian, the proverb refers to the construction of Moscow (XII century), and the
English proverb refers to the construction of Rome [Иванова Е.В. 2003: 15].
The Russian word proverb corresponds to the English proverb, which literally means the following: a
short, concise statement widely used and generally recognized; a short sentence, often metaphorical,
expressing a life experience or observation and familiar to everyone. We also note that a significant part of
English proverbs came from borrowed proverbs from other languages. Proverbs inherited by Western
European languages from Latin and Greek are often similar to folk proverbs.
However, most Russian proverbs are of folk origin. Scientists and researchers attribute this fact to the
fact that for quite a long time in Russia the peasantry prevailed, which, in the course of its labor and
household activities, created proverbs that have survived to this day.
Thus, proverbs, regardless of the type and whether they are English or Russian, are the same in their
life purpose: they are educational in nature, contribute to the development of human mental activity.
In addition, the proverb is both a frame and a script. As a frame, it generalizes experience and
summarizes the past, and as a scenario, it performs a moral and didactic function, implicitly recommending
how to act based on the situation-frame. For example,
Делу время
—
потехе час
[Иванова Е.В. 2003: 15].
The array of language units representing the concept of "time" allows us to establish the most
important ways of conceptualizing and categorizing the knowledge included in it. These methods are
associated with culture codes [Токарев Г.А. 2003: 21-23]. Anthropomorphism embodies, humanizes
processes, results, a certain moment in time. Within the framework of this code, there is only one image -
this is the image of a person:
Время не ждёт (
Time does not wait)
, Время лучший лекарь (
Time is the best
healer)
; Время красит, безвременье старит
(Time paints, timelessness ages)
; Временем гони, а
временем и сам беги (
Drive with time, and run yourself with time)
; Временем и дурак умно говорит
(At
times even a fool speaks wisely); the same in English: Time and tide wait for no man, Time cures all things,
Time works wonders, “Time enough” lost the ducks.
Less relevant in the processes of time conceptualization are biomorphic, fetish and animistic cultural
codes. The biomorphic code produces images of animals, insects, and plants. The basic images of this code
contribute to the understanding of time. For example:
Курочка позерныш куклюет, да сыта бывает
.
There are parallels in English:
Grain by grain, and the hen fills her bell.
The animistic cultural code spiritualizes natural phenomena that act as stereotypes of the attributes of
the concept “time”: Золотое время — молодые лета, Зима лето пугает, да всё равно тает, Октябрь на
пегой лошади ездит, Яблочное семя знает своё время.
Western European and in the Orthodox proverbial picture of the world there is an extensive corpus of
proverbs that reflect the concept of "time". The cognitive comparative analysis of proverbs convinces us that
in both models of proverbial pictures of the world, reflecting the concept of "time", as in the concept itself,
universal (universal) and cultural-linguistic levels are distinguished. Comparison of these levels convinces us
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that here, as a rule, different linguocultural communities have parallels and equivalents of proverbs:
Дорога
ложка к обеду; compare. English. A stitch in time saves nine, Всякому овощу свое время/ Всему свое
время/ Всему свой черед/ Всякое семя знает свое время — Everything is good in its season, Счастливые
часов не наблюдают — Happiness takes no account of time, У завтра нет конца — Procrastination is the
thief of time.
Regardless of the proverbs and sayings of which people we are considering, it can be said with
confidence that this genre of folklore is undoubtedly part of the world heritage. Proverbs and sayings
determine the mentality and are passed down from generation to generation in oral and written form,
developing along with the development of mankind.
Nevertheless, despite some similarities in the paremias of the studied languages (mutual calques,
borrowings from classical languages, biblical texts), Russian and English proverbs developed under different
historical circumstances, reflecting the socio-economic structure and development conditions, which are not
identical in these cultures. The nature of the use of proverbs also differs, their prevalence in various strata of
society, the prestige of experts on proverbs, etc.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs / edited by Jennifer Speake. – New York, NY: Oxford University
Press Inc. Jennifer Speake, 2008. – 625 p.
2.
Афанасьев А.Н. Происхождение мифа. - М.: Высшая школа, 1996.
3.
Гуревич, А. Я. Категории средневековой культуры / А. Я. Гуревич. - 2-е изд., испр. и доп.- М.:
Искусство, 1984.
4.
Иванова Е.В.Пословичная концептуализация мира (на материале английских и русских
пословиц): Автореф. дисс. … д-ра филол. наук. СПб., 2003. – 38 c.
5.
Русско-Английский словарь пословиц и поговорок, Маргулис А., Холодная А., 2000.
6.
Ne’matullayevna, Z. N., Gulrux, H., Mirsaidovna, K. S., Nasimovich, H. H., & Furkatzoda, T. B. (2020).
The Role Of Verbs, Types Of Verbs AS Well AS Lexical, Morphological, And Syntactic Characteristics
Of Verbs In English Language. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(12), 57-60.
7.
Мамаёкубова, Ш. (2019). Тилшуносликда гап бўлаклари ва синтактик алоқалар
масалалари.
Иностранная филология: язык, литература, образование
, (2 (71)), 130-137.
8.
Zubaydova, N. N. M. (2020). THE ROLE OF COUNTRY STUDIES IN TEACHING
ENGLISH. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 310-312.
9.
Mamasharifovich, N. B., Bakhtiyarovna, I. L., Oblakulovna, M. S., Mirsaidovna, K. S., &
Mirzakarimovna, Y. D. Pragmatics and Its Role in Touristic Context.
JournalNX
, 392-394.
10.
Зубайдова, Н. (2019). Стилистический потенциал и коннотативные признаки фразеосем
английского языка. Иностранная филология: язык, литература, образование, 4(1 (70)), 79-82.
11.
Yangiboyevna, N. S., & Ravshanovna, M. U. (2022). BIOLOGIK FAOL QO'SHIMCHALARNING
TIBBIYOTDAGI AHAMIYATI. BARQARORLIK VA YETAKCHI TADQIQOTLAR ONLAYN
ILMIY JURNALI, 542-545.
12.
Rajabboevna, A. R., Yangiboyevna, N. S., Farmanovna, I. E., & Baxodirovna, S. D. (2022). THE
IMPORTANCE OF COMPLEX TREATMENT IN HAIR LOSS. Web of Scientist: International
Scientific Research Journal, 3(5), 1814-1818.
LANGUAGE CONTACT
SamSIFL, teacher
Xodjiyeva Zumrad
Annotation:
The linguistic systems are involved in language contact situations, it is supposed to
analyze of lexical, morphological and syntactic borrowings which are acceptance of linguistic elements from
one language to another.
Key words:
Lexical borrowing, Morphological borrowing, Syntactic borrowing, Calque words,
language Contact, Loans
As languages exist, they always change and evolve to reflect people’s changing lives and
accommodate new ideas and technologies. These changes happen when languages in contact. While speakers
of languages come into contact, they produce a variety of contact situations which can affect on the linguistic
systems, linguistic outcome in contact and social intercourse of the speakers of the contact (Mihalicek &
