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COMPLEX EVALUATION OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF
TWO-LAYER M KNITTED FABRICS FROM PAN YARN .
S.Saparova, Assoc. Mirsadikov M. , Assoc. M.Musaeva, Prof.
M.Mukimov
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16451258
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 21
st
July 2025
Accepted: 25
th
July 2025
Published: 26
th
July 2025
In the scientific work, research was conducted on
a comprehensive evaluation of two-layer knitted
fabrics made of cotton yarn, with the aim of
effectively using local raw materials.
KEYWORDS
raw material, pan, knitted, flat
needle, double layer, quality,
diagram, histogram
Comprehensive measures aimed at organizing the production of a wide range of high-
quality textile and sewing-knitting products, localizing its production, and increasing the
export potential of local producers are being implemented in the republic [1].
In the textile industry, issues such as increasing and improving the quality indicators of
knitted products, expanding the assortment of types are of urgent importance. From this
point of view, in our country, the development of the theory of knitted fabrics, the creation of
knitted fabrics with a new structure, and the achievement of optimal performance
characteristics are solved through high-quality production methods.
It is known that the evaluation of the quality of knitted fabrics and products is based on
the evaluation of the results of the determination of quality indicators and the comparison
with standard and regulatory documents. Because the methods of determining product
properties, mainly standards, regulatory documents are given in detail. There are several
methods of evaluating the quality of textile materials, including experimental, organoleptic,
expert, sociological, calculated, differential, complex and mixed.
A comprehensive assessment of the quality indicators of fabrics determines whether the
knitwear is suitable for further processing or in which direction it is recommended for use.
The characteristics that determine quality are established in standards, based on consumer
requirements.
To determine the best option for knitted fabrics, it is recommended to use methods of
assessment that take into account a number of factors that shape the structure and properties
of the fabric . According to the results of the analysis, the quality indicators of the
manufactured samples have priority in different options. As a result, there was a need to
identify the optimal option among the samples with the lowest raw material consumption and
the best quality indicators. Therefore, in order to compare statistical data and the obtained
experimental results, a method of complex assessment of the quality indicators of two-layer
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knitted fabrics from pan yarn was used. The obtained samples were compared in terms of
quality indicators such as bulk density, air permeability, breaking strength, elongation at
break, recovery and shrinkage. Pan yarn with a linear density of 31 tex x 2 was used as the
raw material. Option 1 was produced as the main fabric.
For this purpose, a complex evaluation diagram was built, which combines quality
indicators in one place and has a quality limit. Values of technological indicators and physical-
mechanical properties of knitted fabrics woven from pan threads were placed on each axis of
the complex diagram.
Based on the analysis of technological indicators and physical and mechanical properties
of two-layer knitted fabrics made of pan yarn, research was conducted to identify high-quality
options. The method of constructing a complex assessment diagram of quality indicators was
used to process statistical data.
Polygons that provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality indicators of two-layer
knitted fabrics are formed by sequentially connecting points located on radius vectors.
In order to compare the obtained experimental results, the method of constructing a
comprehensive evaluation chart and a comparative comparison histogram of the quality
indicators of two-layer knitted fabrics woven from pan yarn was selected.
In order to construct the diagrams and calculate the area of the polygons, the results
obtained from the technological indicators and physical-mechanical properties of the two-
layer knitted fabric woven from the pan thread presented in Table 1 were used.
Table 1
Physico-mechanical properties of two-layer knitted fabrics.
Options
Indicators
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
Surface density of knitwear M
s
, g /
m
2
484.4 450 565.6 541.6 551.0 541.8 444.5 418.2 380.2 553.6
GOST 28554-
9028554-90
Knitting thickness , T mm
1.9
2
2.31
2.2
2.18
2.84
2.2
1.88
1.9
2.48
Knitting thickness d , mg/cm
3
255
2 50
245
246
253 190.8 202 222.4 200.1 223.2
Air permeability , Vr cm3 / cm2
sec
44.46 29.52 51.83 37.35 49.90 52.8
93.1 100.8 89.9
48.3
GOST 1228-2014
100 (dm
3
/m
2
·sec) not less
Breaking strength ,
Rr, N
By height
417
572
378
443
601
366
599
449
460
374
GOST 28554-90
not less than 80 N
Across the
width
330
466
657
721
818 359.5 548.5 439.5 419.5 968
Elongation at break ,
L , %
By height
126
145
117
119
116 132.5 117.5 110
116
122
GOST 28554-90
I-0-40% . II-41-
100% is less than
III-100%.
Across the
width
127
70
111
131
120 137.5 111.5 138 131.5
94
GOST 28554-90
I-0-40%.II-41-
100% III- less
than 100%.
Irreversible
deformation , e
n
,%
By height
18
20
14
20
20
20
19
16
16
17
GOST 28882-90
5-20% more it's
not
Across the
width
17
18
15
19
18
19
22
29
25
14
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Where: M - surface density of knitted fabric, g/m
2
; δ - bulk density, mg/cm
3
; B - air
permeability, cm
3
/cm
2
∙sec; I - resistance to friction, thousand.rpm; R - tensile strength (in
length and width), N; L - elongation at break (in length and width), %; ε
qs
- irreversible
deformation (in length and width), %; ε
qt
- reversible deformation (in length and width), %; K
- fabric penetration (in length and width), %. A comprehensive assessment of the quality
indicators of fabrics determines the suitability of knitted fabric for further processing or the
direction in which it is recommended to use it. The characteristics that determine quality are
established in standards, based on consumer requirements [2-10] .
Based on the analysis of technological indicators and physical and mechanical properties
of two-layer knitted fabrics woven from PAN yarn, research was conducted to identify high-
quality options. To identify high-quality options, it is necessary to take into account many
factors that shape the structure and properties of two-layer knitted fabrics. The method of
constructing a complex evaluation diagram of quality indicators was used to process
statistical data. This method allows you to determine the most qualitative option from the
total area of the constructed polygons.
Polygons that provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality indicators of two-layer
knitted fabrics are formed by sequentially connecting points located on radius vectors.
In order to compare the obtained experimental results, the method of constructing a
comprehensive evaluation chart of indicators of two-layer knitted fabric woven from pan yarn
and a comparative comparison histogram of quality indicators was chosen.
Return deformation ,
e
o
, %
By height
8 2
80
86
8 0
80
80
81
84
84
83
Across the
width
83
8 2
85
81
82
81
78
71
75
86
Elongation , %
Across the
width
5
4
6
5
10
18
12
24
21
19
Friction resistance, thousand. ail
25
25
25
25
25
26.5
25
23.8
28.5
29.5
Thermal conductivity %
4.6
10.8
11
9.6
6
45.9
45.9
45
47.2
38.6
Income, %
By height
+1.2 +3.1 +1.8 +1.2 +1.2
0
0
+4.3 +2.5 +1.7
Across the
width
+1.2 -1.25 +2.5 +1.2 +1.2 +2.5 +1.9
0
0
0
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Figure 1. A comprehensive evaluation diagram of the quality indicators of two-layer
knitted fabrics woven from pan yarn.
The value of the area surfaces obtained from the complex evaluation diagram is
expressed in a comparative histogram of the quality indicators of knitted fabrics, and
the optimal variants of knitted fabric samples are determined using the best results
obtained according to the histogram indicators.
complex evaluation diagram is expressed by the comparative histogram of the
quality indicators of knitted fabrics.
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Figure 2. Comprehensive assessment of quality indicators of double-layer knitted
fabrics histogram.
Conclusion
The results of the comprehensive evaluation diagram and comparative evaluation
histogram of the quality indicators of the new structured two- layer knitted fabrics show that
the 10th variant of the knitted fabric has the highest score in terms of evaluation histogram
indicators. It was found that the best option was
14254 mm 2
, option
9
14095 mm
2
, option 8
12219 mm
2
and option 5 12155 mm
2
, with a surface area greater than option 1 10155 mm
2
List of used literature:
1. Presidential Decree "On measures to bring the development of the textile and garment
industry to a new level" (No. PF-71, 01.05.2024) http://kknews.uz
2. Muqimov M.M. The role of innovative developments in the textile industry. //J. Mechanical
problems-2018.-#1. b. 42.
3. Sevostyanov A.G. Methods and means of investigation of mechanical and technological
processes of textile industry. M., 2007.
4. Shalov I. I., Dalidovich A.S., Kudryavin L.A., Technology of trikotajnogo proizvodstva. M.,
Legkaya i pishchevaya promyshlennost, 1984g. -p. 89-98
5. Guseva A.A. Technology and oborudovanie ploskovyazal'nogo and kruglovyazal'nogo
proizvodstvo. M.: Legkaya i pishchevaya promyshlennost', 1981. 42-43 str.
6. Patent No. 2302485 (Russia), MPK D 04 B 1/00. Dvukhsloynyy trikotaj combinirovannogo
perepleteniya. V.A. Zinoveva, M.A. Popova. Zayavl.
7. Marisova O.I. Trikotajnye risunchatye perepleteniya. M.: Legkaya i pishchevaya
promyshlennost, 1984g. -p. 141-142.
8. Torkunova Z.A. Ispytaniya knitwear. M.: Legkaya industry, 1975g. -p. 111-115.
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9. GOST 8845-87. Cotton and knitted fabrics. Methods of determination of moisture, mass and
surface plot, GOST 8847-85. Canvas knitwear. Method of definition of razryvnyx
characteristics and growth characteristics of load, menshe razryvnyx, GOST 12739-85. Cotton
and knitted fabrics. The method is determined by ustoychivosti k istiraniyu.
10.
GOST 16486-93. Mezhgosudarstvennyy standard. Canvas trikotajnye dlya verkhnix
izdeliy. Normy ustoychivosti k istiraniyu. M: Standartinform. 2005g.
