CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
50
ISSUES OF THE FORMATION OF MORAL CULTURE IN
POSTMODERN SOCIETY
Davronjon Ma’rufjonovich Khusanov
Instructor of Computer Science,
Fergana "Temurbeklar Maktabi" Military-Academic Lyceum
ORCID ID: 0009-0004-6998-3997
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15645599
Abstract:
In the article, the theoretical foundations of the socio-
philosophical research of the dialectic of the change of moral values in the
postmodern society, the dialectical analysis of the change of moral values in the
postmodern society, the formation of the moral values of the postmodern
society and the perspectives of the approach to it are studied. Also, the essence,
scientific and conceptual foundations of the concept of "Postmodern society" are
analyzed.
Key words:
postmodern society, moral values, dialectics, dialectical
analysis, social norms, moral outlook, national and universal values, separatism,
fundamentalism, social laws, traditionalism and modernity, comparative
analysis, analysis and synthesis, systematic and functional.
Introduction
The initial concepts of postindustrial society were developed by French and
American sociologists such as R. Aron and W. Rostow. Scholars and philosophers
who analyzed the notion of postindustrial society from socio-philosophical
perspectives include D. Bell, T. Kuhn, Z. Brzezinski, and A. Toffler (USA), as well
as J. Fourastié and A. Touraine (France), whose works are widely reflected in
academic literature. Additionally, other sociologists, economists, political
scientists, futurists, and philosophers have contributed their perspectives on
postindustrial society. While the aforementioned scholars and thinkers present
distinct viewpoints, they also share common scientific approaches. Specifically,
postindustrial society is structured in three layers: the first layer pertains to
economic activity (agriculture), the second layer to manufacturing, and the third
layer to services, infrastructure, science, and education.
Literature review and methods
Issues concerning the development of moral and socio-spiritual culture in
individuals, their theoretical-methodological foundations, as well as socio-
philosophical and historical problems related to moral and spiritual
development, have been studied by scholars such as J. Anderson, S. Anisimov, G.
Belov, M. Weber, I. Ilyin, V. Konev, Y. Borev, L. Gumilev, A. Guseynov, V.
Lektorsky, I. Ilinsky, M. Kagan, S. Agzamkhodjayeva, J. Tulenov, I. Imomnazarov,
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
51
I. Jabborov, Y. Jumaboyev, E. Yusupov, S. Shermukhamedov, Kh. Shaykhova,
Mahmud Sattor, A. Jalolov, S. Otamuratov, A. Sharipov, J. Yakhshilikov, N.
Mukhammadiyev, A. Erkayev, O. Gaybullayev, I. Arzimatova, and D. Normatova.
Results and discussion
In postindustrial society, significant attention is given to the role and
influence of universities. In earlier societies—such as agrarian societies—the
church and military were highly valued, while in industrial societies,
corporations took precedence. The American sociologist and neoconservative
Daniel Bell analyzed the theory of postindustrial society from an antagonistic
perspective, categorizing it into three types and outlining its development in
three stages: pre-industrial, industrial, and postindustrial. His contemporary,
Alvin Toffler, elaborated on this concept through his "Third Wave" theory,
presenting detailed scholarly and popular perspectives on this societal model.
According to Toffler, the first wave of societal transformation was marked
by land as the primary source of wealth, with agriculture as the dominant
activity. The second wave emphasized manufacturing, where corporations
played a central role. The third wave is characterized by the widespread
adoption of automation, electronics, computerization, the development of jet
aircraft, and specialized pharmaceuticals. Unlike J. Fourastié and Touraine, who
approached postindustrial society from a radical (European) perspective, Toffler
shaped his theory within a liberal framework.
In Toffler’s first wave theory, mass society was defined by equivalent
technological processes, while the second wave prioritized industrialization.
The third wave, however, is distinguished by transformations in economic,
social, scientific, and communication structures. Unlike pessimistic scholars who
view scientific and technological progress negatively, Toffler advocates for
harmonizing this progress with humanistic-ethical values. In this regard, he
emphasizes "soft technology," "ecologism," and the "spiritual value of humanism
and culture."
Toffler argues that the third wave fundamentally alters social lifestyles,
prioritizing individual needs. This shift enhances cognitive abilities, fostering
creativity and ultimately cultivating positive moral qualities such as courage,
prudence, entrepreneurship, and initiative. As a non-dogmatic sociologist and
philosopher—more of a skilled futurist and publicist—Toffler predicted the
strategic development mechanisms of the information society. By comparatively
analyzing the second and third waves, he identified sharp contrasts in their
transformations. While the second wave prioritized wealth and mass
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
52
production, the third wave opens vast opportunities for knowledge and
creativity. Toffler asserts that the third wave holds far greater and more
complex significance than the second, as its intricate processes encompass
global and interrelated conflicts.
Through Toffler’s framework, we can better understand contemporary
political and economic dynamics. However, it should be noted that some of his
arguments and ideas have faced criticism from sociologists, cultural theorists,
technologists, psychologists, politicians, and philosophers.
In one of the critical approaches, it is noted that his views on satisfying
personal needs are grounded in egoism. Overall, Alvin Toffler is considered a
renowned scholar and philosopher who captivated the global public with works
such as
Future Shock
(1970),
Encounter with the Future
,
The Cultured Consumer
(1973),
The Eco-Spasm Report
(1975),
The Third Wave
(1980),
Previews and
Premises
(1985),
The Adaptive Corporation
(1985),
Power Shift
(1990), and
others. Later, Toffler and his wife Heidi Toffler jointly published
War and Anti-
War
. His scholarly activity is the result of the experience and expertise he
accumulated during his life and career.
Alvin Toffler was born in New York City, United States, on October 4, 1928.
He graduated from New York University in 1949 and worked as associate editor
at
Fortune
magazine from 1959 to 1961. Between 1965 and 1967, he served as a
professor at the New School for Social Research, which is affiliated with Cornell
University. Currently, Toffler is a member of the Institute for International
Studies. His book
Future Shock
brought him worldwide recognition as a
distinguished author and consultant.
The Third Wave
is widely regarded as an
essential source for understanding global transformations.
The core essence of Toffler’s socio-philosophical ideas lies in the assertion
that modern technical and technological progress on a global scale has given rise
to serious challenges for humanity, and that overcoming these issues must
become humanity’s foremost noble goal. These challenges include
environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources, the threat of nuclear
war, clashes of geopolitical interests, hegemonic policies, and other related
problems. He emphasizes that in order to solve or prevent such problems, it is
vital to effectively apply the moral ideals that have developed and evolved over
the course of social and historical progress. Implementing these ideals clearly
and promptly into practical life is of urgent importance today. According to
Toffler, if humanity remains indifferent to these issues, the collapse of global
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
53
civilization will be inevitable. He asserts that the essence and development
trajectory of civilization are determined by how well it is structured.
Addressing current civilizational shifts in
The Third Wave
, Toffler makes the
following observation:
“In the coming shifts and tumultuous transformations, the true
representatives of industrial society—accustomed to pre-established norms—
may very well experience the fate of feudal lords from the past. Some will
persist, others will find themselves helpless and marginalized—reduced to relics
of a bygone nobility. Yet some—those with intelligence and the ability to
adapt—will radically transform and become the leaders of the Third Wave.
Tomorrow, when the Third Wave becomes dominant, to understand who
will shape the future, we must first understand who is shaping it today.”
Toffler analyzes every social change as a "wave of transformation" and
elaborates on the principles, successes, and shortcomings of what he terms the
Second Wave
. He states:
“...we can identify a system composed of six guiding principles. In a sense,
we might even call it a ‘program’. This program is implemented to varying
degrees across all countries affected by the Second Wave. These six principles—
standardization, specialization, synchronization, concentration, maximization,
and centralization—can be applied equally to both capitalist and socialist
branches of industrial society, as they both emerge inevitably from the
separation between production and consumption. Additionally, the increasing
significance of the market has facilitated their development.”
He further explains that these principles, reinforcing one another,
inevitably lead to the growth of bureaucracy. They have given rise to the largest,
most impersonal, and most powerful bureaucratic organizations the world has
ever seen—institutions that force people to wander in a world reminiscent of
Franz Kafka’s shadowy dominion. If today we feel oppressed and victimized by
these principles, we can trace the source of our difficulties. This search leads us
to a hidden code embedded within the Second Wave civilization.
Toffler argues for the necessity of transforming these principles, which he
describes as the core elements shaping the Second Wave:
“These six principles serve as the explicit blueprint of Second Wave
civilization. Today, each of these core principles is under intense assault from
the forces of the Third Wave.”
Conclusion.
Indeed, there remain true adherents of the Second Wave who
continue to apply these principles in business, banking, labor relations,
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
54
governance, education, and mass media. The rise of a new civilization challenges
all the entrenched interests of the old one. Toffler strives to demonstrate in his
views that social development must be implemented on the basis of principles
formed during the course of historical and social evolution. He argues that:
“Every civilization has its own hidden code—akin to a unified plan—
comprising a system of principles that manifest across all spheres of life. With
the spread of industrialism across the planet, its unique internal logic becomes
visible. This code consists of six interrelated principles that determine the
behavior of millions of individuals.”
References:
1. Abdullah Avloni. Turkic Gulistan or Ethics. Tashkent, 1995. – p. 15.
2. Abu Nasr Farabi. On Virtue, Happiness, and Perfection. Tashkent: “Yozuvchi”
Publishing House, 2001. pp. 1–86.
2. Aristotle. Poetics. Great Ethics. Tashkent: “Yangi Asr Avlodi”, – p. 94.
3. Komilov N. Tasawwuf. Book One. Tashkent: “Yozuvchi”, 1996. – p. 143.
4. Mitina O.V. "Women in Society: Female Gender Behavior in Social and Cross-
Cultural Aspects." Social Sciences and Modernity, No. 3, Moscow, 1999, pp. 179–
180.
5. Nazarov Q. Axiology: The Philosophy of Values. Tashkent: “Ma'naviyat”, 1998.
– p. 41.
6. The Garden of Etiquette and the Gulistan of Morality. Tashkent: “Sharq”, 1994.
– p. 9.
7. Saidov A., Tadjikhanov U. Fundamentals of State and Law. Tashkent: “Sharq”,
2002. – p. 32.
8. Yusupov E. The Spiritual Foundations of Human Perfection. Tashkent:
“University”, 1998. – p. 82.
9. To‘raqulov E., Rahimov S. Abu Rayhan Beruni on Psychology and Education.
Tashkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 1992. – p. 68.
