CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
16
MORPHOMETRIC ALTERATIONS OF SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP
ALVEOLAR STRUCTURES IN PNEUMOPATHIES
Abdullaeva Nurjaxon Juraboy qizi
Assistant., Andijan State Medical Institute.,
Mamataliev Avazbek Ruziyevich
PhD., Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan.,
dr.mamataliyev66@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16949648
Relevance of the Issue
Pneumopathies are a major cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality
worldwide, affecting both superficial and deep alveolar structures that are
critical for efficient gas exchange. Morphometric alterations in these alveolar
regions, including changes in septal thickness, alveolar surface area, and
capillary density, directly influence respiratory function and disease
progression. Despite advances in clinical management, detailed quantitative
analysis of superficial and deep alveolar structures remains limited, particularly
in different patient populations. Investigating these morphometric changes is
essential for understanding the pathophysiology of pneumopathies, improving
diagnostic precision, and guiding the development of targeted therapeutic
interventions. Therefore, this study addresses a significant gap in respiratory
research and has substantial clinical and scientific relevance.
Objective
The objective of this study is to investigate the morphometric alterations in
both superficial and deep alveolar structures in patients with pneumopathies,
aiming to identify structural changes that contribute to impaired gas exchange
and the progression of respiratory dysfunction.
Materials and methods
Lung tissue samples were collected from patients and newborns affected by
pneumopathies between 2020 and 2023. The samples were prepared using
standard histological and histochemical techniques for detailed morphometric
analysis. Superficial and deep alveolar structures, including alveolar septa,
surface area, and capillary networks, were examined using light microscopy.
Morphometric parameters were quantitatively measured, and the data were
statistically analyzed to evaluate the extent and significance of structural
alterations associated with pneumopathies.
Results
Microscopic and morphometric analysis of lung tissue samples from
patients with pneumopathies revealed significant structural alterations in both
superficial and deep alveolar regions. The thickness of alveolar septa was
markedly increased compared to healthy controls, indicating interstitial edema,
inflammatory infiltration, and early fibrotic changes. Morphometric evaluation
demonstrated a reduction in alveolar surface area and volume, reflecting
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
17
compromised gas-exchange capacity. Capillary networks exhibited irregular
distribution and decreased density, suggesting impaired microcirculation and
localized hypoxia. Furthermore, the deep alveolar structures showed
pronounced structural disorganization, with partial collapse of alveolar walls
and expansion of interstitial spaces. These findings collectively highlight that
pneumopathies lead to extensive pathomorphological and morphometric
remodeling of alveolar structures, which likely contribute to the severity and
progression of respiratory dysfunction.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that pneumopathies induce significant
morphometric and structural alterations in both superficial and deep alveolar
regions. Key changes include thickening of alveolar septa, reduction of alveolar
surface area and volume, disruption of capillary networks, and disorganization
of deep alveolar structures. These alterations contribute to impaired gas
exchange, tissue hypoxia, and overall respiratory dysfunction. Understanding
these morphometric changes provides critical insights into the pathophysiology
of pneumopathies, highlighting the need for precise diagnostic assessment and
the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The findings underscore
the importance of integrating morphometric analysis into clinical and research
approaches to better predict disease progression and improve patient outcomes.
References:
1.
Fishman, A. P., et al. Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders. 5th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 2015.
2.
West, J. B. Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials. 10th ed. Philadelphia:
Wolters Kluwer, 2016.
3.
Mason, R. J., Broaddus, V. C., et al. Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of
Respiratory Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016.
4.
Crapo, J. D., et al. Pathophysiology of alveolar damage in acute and chronic
lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 181(1): 1–10.
5.
Remedios, D., et al. Morphometric analysis of alveolar structures in
pneumopathies. Histopathology. 2012; 61(5): 879–888.
6.
McDonald, D. M., et al. Capillary remodeling and alveolar structure in lung
disease. J Appl Physiol. 2014; 117(8): 877–887.
