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DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN THE
CONDITIONS OF MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION:
ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS AND A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Khodzhibolayeva Nozima Ma'murovna
Doctoral student of the Kokan State Pedagogical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13912044
Abstract:
This article analyzes the issues of development of
environmental competence in the conditions of modern environmental
education and describes concepts and a systematic approach to it.
Key words:
culture, ecology, ecological education, reproductive,
alternative, retrospective, ecological competence, competence, systematic
approach.
INTRODUCTION.
Ecological awareness is the degree to which each person
realizes that ecosystems are his habitat in his life activities. An ecologically
conscious person cannot always be called ecologically cultured. Because
understanding the need for ecological stability does not mean that man has
implemented it in his activities. Ecological culture is knowledge about
ecosystems, consciousness, perception, literacy, intellectual potential and the
activity of knowing how to apply it in practice, a high indicator of activity in
relation to the environment, a conscious and responsible approach.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODS.
Pedagogical aspects of the
foundations of environmental education, the causes of environmental risks in
the era of globalization, ways to eliminate them, scientific research aimed at
developing some aspects of environmental competence in students Q.
Abdurahimov, I. Kh. Ayubova, P. Berdanova, N. Bozorova, R. Kh. Y. Ahmadaliyev,
N. Isakulova, Sh. Kamolkho'jayev, A. Malikova, M. E. Musayeva, V. Nikitin, N. O'.
Nishonova, H. Norbo'tayev, T. Saparov, V. N. Sattorov, H. Togayev, E. O. It was
carried out by Turdikulov, U. Turdikulov, D. Tokhliyev, A.S. Tokhtayev, A.
Ergashev, Sh. Yunusova.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The concept of "ecological culture" can be
defined as a high level of assimilation of theoretical and practical ecological
knowledge by a person. The criteria for the formation of ecological competence,
in turn, are characterized by indicators" [4], It is a developed stage and a
component of a certain society and world culture. Environmentally conscious
activities of people in relation to mother nature define their ecological cultures.
It contains a rational and responsible relationship between nature and man. It is
necessary to define "ethical ecological awareness", "ecological responsibility",
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"ecological volition", "ecological values" as the basic qualities of ecological
culture.
Ecological awareness means "a person's emotional knowledge of
ecosystems, the ability to perceive, perceive, imagine, compare, and compare its
objects and events, and to acquire practical skills for the protection of
ecosystems based on intelligence and depth" [2]. This characteristic of a person
is manifested when he enters into any contact with nature, and is explained by
his ability to correctly assess the result of the process.
Ecological responsibility is manifested in the attitude of a person to
ecosystems and education of responsibility towards it. Such an attitude is
formed only as a result of a person's desire to realize the negative effects of
negative effects on ecosystems and eliminate such negative effects. Also, "on the
basis of the economic entity's understanding of the consequences of the
economic activities carried out for the environment and its voluntary obligations
and readiness to take preventive measures to prevent environmental damage a
conscious attitude to the normative legal requirements of protection and
voluntary elimination of the damage caused to it". Ecological responsibility
includes qualities such as love for ecosystems, personal responsibility,
conscientiousness, devotion to duty, and prudence.
Ecological voluntarism is a concept related to the assessment and control
of the behavior of a person who is a conscious member of the ecosystem and the
behavior of others in the environment, personal determination, careful
approach, cleanliness. is the driving force of ecologically oriented real positive
activity aimed at harmonizing relations" [5].
On the basis of new ecological education, scientific study and analysis of
the interrelationship of the ecological and moral environment, identifying
problems and finding measures to solve them, preventing the negative effects of
environmental threats on the development of society and people's quality of life,
focusing on raising the environmental consciousness of the population, it is
important to warn the population and, moreover, the whole humanity about
future dangers. Man's influence on nature is in three directions: first, in the
process of using natural resources, influencing natural objects; secondly, in the
process of protecting, conserving, restoring, and increasing natural resources;
thirdly, it is manifested in ensuring the ecological safety of natural objects [6].
The moral qualities of a person formed in the ecological environment are
evident in his positive attitude towards nature and lead to a serious sense of
duty and responsibility towards nature and society. This becomes an important
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moral factor of rational use of natural resources, its protection and ecological
safety. Eco-ethical culture formed in an ecological and moral environment,
together with the ecological legal consciousness and knowledge of each person,
turns into a driving force of his creative activity. Spiritual values are important
in rational management of nature-society-human relations of environmental
ethics norms. The system of values is the basis of universal culture, and stable
attitudes towards them form the core of culture. It is important to show the
importance of values in the formation of a person's environmental ethics: a
person can be a citizen of different countries, but he cannot be civilized without
loving nature and preserving it. A person can be a master of his profession, but
without preserving the natural environment in which he lives, grows and works,
without protecting its purity and cleanliness, without observing the
requirements of environmental law, he is neither moral nor civilized. can't. The
feeling of respect and love for nature is not given to everyone, forming such
feelings and perfecting the foundations of ecological culture is a very difficult
task. Ecological culture formed in a moral environment is formed through moral
norms about goodness, evil, justice, injustice, etc. in relation to the environment,
natural environment. Such ideas, standards define and control the essence,
motive of people's behavior. As each individual comes from a certain ecological
environment and acquires ethical views and rules about ecology and the
environment, he transforms them into his own moral virtues and beliefs, which,
of course, forms the basis of ecological culture and creates a new ethical
environment. causes formation. As much as universal moral norms are followed
in human interactions, it becomes necessary to have such ethical attitude
towards nature in a certain ecological environment.
The main goal of ecological education is to ensure the unity of ecological
education, upbringing and practice in order to achieve the safety of ecosystems
that ensure the sustainable development of current and future generations. In
order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to fulfill the following ecological tasks
at the national level: development of universally recognized scientific and
theoretical foundations of ecology; evaluating its history, current state and
future prospects in the context of various ecosystems; development of an
environmental concept and program of actions; adoption of tactical and strategic
environmental development plans; revision of the personnel training system for
ecology and environmental protection; comprehensive analysis of the
environmental legislation base and creation of a mechanism for connecting it
with practice; implementation of the mandatory principle of national
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environmental education; encourages solving issues such as revising
environmental education in accordance with the principles of sustainable
development. Also, environmental security is an integral part of national
security, and it differs from other security factors in its hidden nature. That is
why the policy of training qualified environmental personnel in the national
education system is one of the most urgent problems of our time.
Based on a systematic approach, the mechanisms of interaction between
pedagogical activities and the control environment in the development of
students' environmental competence include the following processes: the main
goal of developing students' environmental competence is the training of
qualified personnel in higher pedagogical educational institutions in accordance
with the state order and society's requirements; The state educational standards
stipulate that the graduate should perform teaching, educational, teaching-
methodical, production and scientific-research tasks in the pedagogical activity.
In the gradual and continuous organization of education in the field of
nature protection, it is relatively common to rely on the system of family, pre-
school education institutions, schools, educational institutions, labor teams.
Based on the historical and logical principles of this scheme, there is no doubt
that it will ensure the continuity of education. However, urgent environmental
problems of the present day require a massive strengthening of this work at all
levels. In order to increase the efficiency of nature protection work, it is of great
importance to eliminate the indifference and "selfishness" attitude deeply
rooted in the minds of farm managers. After all, increasing the environmental
responsibility of leaders and experts today by all means may bear fruit
tomorrow. In this process, ecological education does not consist in the formation
of theoretical views on nature, "at the same time, it also implies the formation of
faith and practical training" [3]. After all, one of the main tasks of environmental
education is to theoretically justify conflicts between nature and society in daily
life activities, and to independently find practical solutions.
The concept of development of environmental education in the Republic of
Uzbekistan "taking into account the fact that environmental problems are
gaining global importance, in recent years, environmental protection,
environmental culture, environmental education, environmental enlightenment,
along with important priority tasks special attention is paid to the issues. The
relevance of ecological education is determined by the need to protect the
nature, ecosystems, environment of our country from instability and derailment,
to increase the environmental culture of the population, to contribute to these
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very serious and vital issues of all layers of the population, especially young
people" [1]. Therefore, it follows that environmental education and training is
aimed at eliminating such problems.
Another goal of environmental education is to teach the basics of
theoretical knowledge about the protection of the natural environment, to
familiarize with the content and essence of the current environmental policy,
and serves to form the practical skills of workers in this field. It also fulfills the
task of forming a person's organizational abilities, needs, interests,
responsibilities, and ways of thinking in accordance with ecological principles
and norms in managing a person's economy. In the process of ecological
education and upbringing, the discipline of protecting natural resources, the
qualities of perseverance and diligence of a person are determined.
The issue of common environmental education is important in the
development of ecological competence. It shows two relatively independent
processes:
the possibility of a complex and systematic approach to environmental
education arises from the need to harmonize different areas of education, to
connect alternative directions based on a single goal.
it is necessary to maintain the historical and logical consistency of
connections between different forms and levels of ecological education, and to
ensure connections between their means and methods. In other words, the
common character of these directions is manifested in their relationship to each
other. In addition, on the basis of connecting education and upbringing with the
interests of nature protection, a commonality emerges, and its features become
a necessary condition for the development of ecological responsibility.
The reform of the educational system based on environmental needs has
moved universal values, including environmental education, to the center of
pedagogical policy. The effective solution of this task requires the generalization
of all fields of education based on scientific and philosophical methodological
principles. In fact, it is in the process of environmental education that there are
opportunities to eliminate the gaps and conflicts of various forms of science and
social consciousness in the fields of education. Therefore, education in the field
of nature protection should be an integral part of the training of qualified
personnel at any level of the educational complex, rather than being an event
artificially and mechanistically added to general education. Its content may
change depending on the social, economic, political conditions and
environmental situation in different countries.
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The convergence of different levels and directions of environmental
education represents the adaptation of the "individual" interests of these areas
to universal interests. In this context, it is necessary to note the educational role
of other forms of activity: traditions, customs, rituals and other rituals in
increasing ecological activity and responsibility. Such socio-practical events
acquire a unique ecological content. That is, the complex of social values
becomes a factor affecting other structural elements of society, being ecological.
In particular, environmental education - with increasing responsibility in the
relevant direction, remains a tool influencing the internal and external political
processes of society. In the process of forming the principles of ecological
activity, the culture of ecological thinking, concepts, conclusions, practical
relations, socio-political beliefs, general worldview of workers are formed by
mastering certain theoretical knowledge. In other words, the educational
complex prepares a person for active environmental, social and political activity.
CONCLUSION.
In many studies conducted in connection with the demands
placed on the educational system by modern economic and social development,
the competent approach was considered as a new stage of changing the content
and methods of education. From this point of view, in many studies, competence
is interpreted as a set of interrelated personal qualities necessary for productive
and creative activity, and competence is interpreted as a person's possession of
necessary competencies that allow solving any problem in a certain field.
In conclusion, the development of environmental education and training in
modern educational conditions, the organization of a pedagogical process aimed
at forming a careful attitude to the environment affects the development of
environmental knowledge and skills in students. Therefore, it is important to use
new approaches aimed at the development of environmental competence, and to
use different mechanisms of influence.
References:
1.
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No.
434 "On approval of the concept of development of environmental education in
the Republic of Uzbekistan". May 27, 2019. // https://lex.uz/docs/5013007
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