«ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО
АРБИТРАЖА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ»
Сборник международной научно-практической конференции
63
Diora Ziyaeva
PhD researcher, Tashkent State University of Law
https://doi.org/10.47689/978-9943-7818-6-3/iss1-pp63-66
THE USE OF ARBITRATION AS A MEANS OF RESOLVING
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES
Abstract:
The article analyses arbitration as a means of resolving
international disputes. The author states that the development of arbitration in the
world created strong international and regional arbitral institutions that allow
parties to choose a forum according to their needs and resolve disputes in the way,
which suits them more. In conclusion, the author comes to the opinion that nation-
states must further remove obstacles to international arbitration by, inter alia,
joining various international treaties and ensuring that effective mechanisms exist
to enforce international arbitral awards to improve the investment climate.
Keywords:
arbitration, arbitral award, international disputes, dispute
resolution, UNCITRAL.
Диора Зияева
Самостоятельный соискатель, Ташкентский государственный
юридический университет
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ АРБИТРАЖА КАК СРЕДСТВА РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ СПОРОВ
Аннотация:
В статье анализируется арбитраж как средство
разрешения международных споров. Автор констатирует, что развитие
арбитража в мире привело к созданию сильных международных и
региональных арбитражных институтов, позволяющих сторонам
выбирать трибунал в соответствии со своими потребностями и разрешать
споры так, как им удобно. В заключение автор приходит к выводу, что
государства
должны и
дальше устранять
препятствия
для
международного арбитража, в том числе путем присоединения к
различным международным договорам и обеспечения наличия эффективных
механизмов исполнения международных арбитражных решений для
улучшения инвестиционного климата.
Ключевые слова:
арбитраж, арбитражное решение, международные
споры, разрешение споров, ЮНСИТРАЛ.
Arbitration is now a very well-established means for resolving international
commercial disputes. Studies on international dispute settlement consistently
«ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО
АРБИТРАЖА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ»
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show a strong preference for international arbitration over litigation in national
courts [1]. An estimated 90% of all international commercial contracts include an
arbitration provision [1]. Accordingly, international arbitrators resolve billions of
dollars worth of disputes each year [2]. Indeed, from 1923 to 1976, the International
Court of Arbitration received about 3,000 requests for arbitration; in the half-century
since, it has received over 12,000 [3]. In Queen Mary University of London’s 2021
International Arbitration Survey of trends in the field, 90% of respondents said it is
their preferred method to resolve cross-border disputes [4].
Popular with everyone from individual companies to multi-state
intergovernmental organizations, international arbitration allows the parties,
whoever they may be, to avoid national courts, keep the proceedings confidential,
have the autonomy to decide the procedure, and also bypass the lengthy discovery
process. International arbitral awards can also be enforced in about 170 countries
worldwide, thanks to the almost universally accepted New York Convention. [5] But
the draw for nation-states and international organizations is even simpler ― more
than other methods of dispute resolution, arbitration is reliable, and as such promotes
trade and investment.
Over the years, international organizations have facilitated the growth of
arbitration by creating strong international and regional arbitral institutions that
allow parties to choose a forum according to their needs [6]. The creation of model
rules to govern international commercial disputes has helped arbitration to grow by
establishing greater unity across jurisdictions [7]. Indeed, the U.N. General Assembly
recommended the use of the Arbitration Rules “based on the conviction that [the Rules
are] acceptable to countries with different legal, social and economic systems” and
“can significantly contribute to the development of harmonious international
relations and to the continuous strengthening of the rule of law” [8]. Parties in cross-
border contracts often designate the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules as the controlling
rules to be followed for disputes [9].
For their part, nation-states facilitate the expansion of arbitration by adopting
those model rules as law, which in turn creates predictability via a standardized
process for the parties that use arbitration. This action serves to reassure would-be
investors, who can now rely on this method once they have invested in the country.
Furthermore, nation-states have facilitated the growth in the use of international
arbitration through the creation of flexible and oftentimes specialized procedures to
more efficiently handle international commercial disputes. Since the UNCITRAL
Arbitration Rules and Model Law were enacted, there has been a consistent trend of
growth in the utilization of international commercial arbitration. To date, 85 states in
a total of 118 jurisdictions have adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law domestically, as
well [10]. The success of the Rules has led to the increased expansion of international
arbitration proceedings throughout the world [11].
Over the years, nation-states demonstrated the willingness to reform their
respective legislation to include options for international arbitration. Some nation-
states enact policies that expressly permit the parties seeking enforcement to enforce
«ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО
АРБИТРАЖА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ»
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arbitral awards successfully even if the award was set aside in another jurisdiction.
The economic growth of the international community rests upon
international trade and investments. Nation-states must further remove obstacles
to international arbitration by,
inter alia,
joining various international treaties
and ensuring that effective mechanisms exist to enforce international arbitral
awards to improve the investment climate.
References:
1. S.I. Strong (2016),
Realizing Rationality: An empirical assessment of
international Commercial Mediation
. Washington & Lee Law Review, Vol. 73,
1973, 2085.
2.
Susan D. Franck,
The Role of International Arbitrators
, Vol. 12 (2) ILSA
Journal of International & Comparative Law, 499, 499 (2006).
3.
David J. McLean,
toward a New International Dispute Resolution
Paradigm: Assessing the Congruent Evolution of Globalization and International
Arbitration
, 30 U. PA. J. INT'l L. 1087, 1091-92 (2009).
4.
International Arbitration Survey: Adapting Arbitration to a Changing World by
Queen Mary University of London and White&Case LLP (2021), available at
https://arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/research/2021-international-arbitration-survey/.
5.
The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral
Awards, done in New York, 10 June 1958 (The New York Convention).
6.
Nadja Alexander,
Ten Trends in International Commercial Mediation
,
31 SAcLJ 405, 408 (2019).
7.
David J. McLean,
Toward a New International Dispute Resolution
Paradigm: Assessing the Congruent Evolution of Globalization and International
Arbitration
, 30 U. PA. J. INT'l L. 1087, 1091 (2009) (“The difficulties associated
with familiarizing the arbitrators and counsel with arbitration rules
particularized to a singular arbitration are diminished when many arbitrations
can be conducted using the same set of procedures codified as model rules.”).
8.
General Assembly resolution 67/90,
Recommendations to assist arbitral institutions
and other interested bodies with regard to arbitration under the Arbitration Rules of the United
Nations Commission on International Trade Law as revised in 2010
, found at
https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-
documents/uncitral/en/13-
80327-recommendations-arbitral-institutions-e.pdf
9.
The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, adopted in 1976 and revised in 2010,
are used to facilitate settlement of a broad range of international disputes.
See
Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-first Session, Supplement No. 17
(A/31/17), para. 57. The Rules were revised in 2010 to account for developments
in arbitration practice in the years following its enactment and widespread
adoption. The revised Rules have been in effect since 15 August 2010. David J.
McLean,
Toward a New International Dispute Resolution Paradigm: Assessing the
Congruent Evolution of Globalization and International Arbitration
, 30 U. PA. J.
«ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО
АРБИТРАЖА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ»
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INT'l L. 1087, 1090 (2009).
10.
The UNCITRAL Model Law was adopted in 1985 and then revised in
2006. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law ("UNCITRAL")
Arbitration Rules, G.A. Res. 31/98, U.N. GAOR, 31st sess., Supp. No. 17, U.N. Doc.
A/31/17 (Dec. 15, 1976).
11.
General Assembly resolution 67/90,
Recommendations to assist arbitral
institutions and other interested bodies with regard to arbitration under the Arbitration
Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law arevised
in 2010
, found at https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-
documents/uncitral/en/13-80327-recommendations-arbitral-institutions-e.pdf
