Volume 05 Issue 09-2024
12
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY
(ISSN
–
2767-472X)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
09
Pages:
12-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
728
)
(2023:
6.
531
)
(2024:
7.848
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OCLC
–
1243560778
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
The article highlights the priority of the needs of the front in the organization of the health system, the organization
of evacuation hospitals for the treatment of wounded soldiers, the retraining of doctors as military doctors, the
number of hospitals in the region during the war years, the spread of various infectious diseases among the population
based on the analysis of primary documents.
KEYWORDS
Health System, evacuation hospitals, surgeon, epidemiologist, traumotologist, radiologist, malaria stations, influenza,
measles, sanitary-epidemiological stations, Hospital, nurse, doctor, pharmacy.
INTRODUCTION
During the war years, the medical field became very
important socially. On the one hand, a large part of the
medical staff was mobilized to the front, while the rest
treated the soldiers who returned wounded in the
fighting and the working population behind the front.
From the early days of the war, the needs of the front
were put first in the organization of the health care
system. Among them are the organization of
evacuation hospitals for the treatment of wounded
soldiers, the retraining of doctors as military doctors.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
In particular, with the beginning of the war, evacuation
hospitals were established in Namangan with 2 total
400 seats, in districts with 8 total 3000 seats[1]. In
November 1941, hospital 2903 in the Istra district of the
Moscow region was transferred to the Pop village, and
Research Article
CHANGES IN THE HEALTH SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN DURING THE
YEARS OF WORLD WAR II (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NAMANGAN
REGION)
Submission Date:
Sep 06, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 11, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 16, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-05-09-03
Bunyod Khasanov
Doctoral student, Namangan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjh
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 09-2024
13
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY
(ISSN
–
2767-472X)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
09
Pages:
12-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
728
)
(2023:
6.
531
)
(2024:
7.848
)
OCLC
–
1243560778
Publisher:
Master Journals
a number of collective farms and organizations took it
to stud. They participated in the process of supplying
the wounded with clothing and food.
According to statistics, 19 hospitals were transplanted
into the region during the war years[2], from such
hospitals were moved to the Turakurgan District (No.
3418) on November 28, 1941, and to Hakkulabad village
(No. 1348) in Norin district on April 1, 1942[3]. In total, a
total of 113 evacuation hospitals were established in
Uzbekistan during the war years, treating 164,382
wounded soldiers and officers. Of these, 143,101 (87%)
recovered and 54,252 fighters returned to their parts to
the front, and more than 70,000 were trained in
various professions and sent to work[4].
As a result of the increased need for medical personnel
during the war, an attempt was made to train
specialists in a rapid state. In this regard, by order of
the Commissariat of health of the USSR, the period of
study in medical higher educational institutions was
reduced from 5 to three and a half years, in
pharmaceutical educational institutions from 4 to two
and a half years. The Institute for advanced training of
doctors also carried out retraining doctors of general
specialties
to
specialties
such
as
surgeon,
epidemiologist, traumotologist, radiologist[5].
During the war years, 3,044 doctors graduated from
medical institutes in the Uzbek SSR. Another 5,600
doctors received new specialties in retraining
courses[6].
During the measures carried out on a Republican scale,
in 1941-1942, the number of doctors increased
significantly. In particular, as of January 1, 1942, there
were 2,561 doctors in the Republic, while on January 1,
1944 the number was increased to 4,090. The medium
medical staff numbered 10,717 on 1 January 1941 and
10,420 on 1 January 1944. As a result of the sending of
doctors to the liberated territories of the USSR by the
Red Army, their number began to decline again. In
particular, 628 doctors were sent from Uzbekistan in
1943, and 350 in the 1st half of 1944[7]. Of the 4,090
physicians active in the Republic in 1944, 219 were
ethnically ethnic Uzbeks, 1,423 Russians, 1,865 Jews,
and 14 other indigenous nationalities[8]. So, among
the doctors, representatives of the local population
were in the minority. Considering that the majority of
doctors would return if their homeland was liberated,
the health departments had to be prepared for a
further decrease in the number of doctors.
In Namangan province, 1032-3000 was allocated to the
health system in 1941, consisting of 24 hospitals with
746 beds, 46 outpatient clinics, 12 women's
consultancies, 203 doctors and 570 secondary medical
personnel from the state unit. In 1941, 312 women had
children in rural maternity hospitals, with medical
obstetric care provided to 1,140 rural women in
total[9]. In 1941, the 210-bed Namangan City Hospital
was converted into a provincial hospital and began
serving Namangan city as well as 9 districts. Hospital
treatment beds were increased to 250 in 1942[10]. By
1944, 35 rural medical plots, 90 paramedic and
obstetric plots, 28 hospitals were operating in the
Namangan Region Health System[11].
During this period, the network of medical points was
also expanded in order to provide medical services to
the population. Medical brigades were also formed
and shipped to all cities and districts. In particular, in
1944, 25 medical brigades, each consisting of a doctor
and 2 nurses, were sent to the districts. The
population's need for medicine was provided through
58 pharmacies in the province. In an effort to bring
medical services closer to the population, 3 new
hospitals and the tuberculosis sanatorium were
established in 1944, with an increase in patient
admissions in 11 women's and children's consultancies.
In turn, funding for the health care system continued
Volume 05 Issue 09-2024
14
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY
(ISSN
–
2767-472X)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
09
Pages:
12-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
728
)
(2023:
6.
531
)
(2024:
7.848
)
OCLC
–
1243560778
Publisher:
Master Journals
to increase. In 1941, 10320000 was allocated to the
system, which in 1944 increased by 80% to 1854-2000.
The number of medical workers in the county also
increased. In 1941, there were 203 doctors, 570
intermediate medical workers in the province, while in
1944 the number of doctors reached 204 and the
number of secondary medical personnel reached 897.
In 1945, Namangan province had 4 urban and 22 rural
hospitals with 916 beds, 3 budget and 15 collective farm
maternity hospitals, 57 outpatient clinics, 78 paramedic
outpatient outpatient clinics, 5 malaria stations, 14
sanitary-epidemiological stations and 33 budget
pediatric wards with 16,000 beds[12].
At the same time, it should be noted that in
combination with the growth of the health system in
the region, a number of problems had also
accumulated. In particular, in most cases, hospitals
were cold and did not have enough fuel reserves for
heating, the buildings of hospitals were in a state of
need for overhaul, and the feeding of patients was also
not at the level of demand.
During the war years, attention was also increased to
the issue of providing medicine to the population. The
population was given 194,400 recipes in 1941, while
240,000 were given in 1942 and 220,500 in 1944. In
total, residents of the Namangan region were served
by 11 pharmacies and 58 pharmacy points, and given
6600000 rubles of Medicine during the war years.
But, the number of medical personnel was not enough
to provide the population with medical services. The
147 doctors allocated in urban areas operated 60
doctors in the state unit and 78 doctors in rural 130
state units. 749 paramedics were employed in the state
unit, while 250 were employed. It can be seen from this
that the number of medical personnel was less than
established, and they had to work more. To solve the
problem of lack of personnel in the region, for the first
time, a paramedic-obstetric medical school was
established for representatives of the local
population[13]. There were also interruptions in the
work of training nurses for hospitals. For example, in
1942, 74 nurses were trained instead of the 120 in the
plan, while in 1943, 30 nurses were trained instead of
180. For the 1943-1944 school year, 46 students were
assembled instead of the 180 in the plan as well. The
main reason for this was the fact that local residents
did not come to nurse training courses at all. In
particular, among the nurses trained in 1942-1943,
there were not a single representative of the local
Nation[14]. During the entire war, 158 women were
trained in medical nursing courses in the province[15].
There were no physio-therapeutic cabinets at all in the
province, serving the war disabled. Health care in
Namangan province was stuck in the state of 1938. In
Chust district, for example, there were only 2 Medical
plots per 45,000 inhabitants, with a service radius of 25
km. This makes it difficult for the population to provide
medical services, and various diseases, especially
malaria, are common. The situation was similar in other
districts of the province. However, medical personnel
were not enough to solve the problem. The lack of
medical personnel had a sharp negative impact on the
implementation of complex measures for the provision
of medical and sanitary services to the population. For
example, in the districts of Kosonsoy, Uychi, Norin,
Turakurgan, Namangan, where there were no sanitary
doctors at all, a paramedic was operating at the
Namangan sanitary-epidemiological station in place of
a doctor. In all districts, tropical stations were staffed
by intermediate medical personnel instead of malaria
doctors. Only one malariologist was a physician in the
province, who operated the province's tropical
Station[16]. There were also no doctors in 5 rural
medical precincts in Namangan region, nor did the
ophtalmologist,
neuropathologist,
physician-
laboratory assistant operate in the region at all.
Medicines were also not enough. In particular, while
Volume 05 Issue 09-2024
15
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY
(ISSN
–
2767-472X)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
09
Pages:
12-15
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
728
)
(2023:
6.
531
)
(2024:
7.848
)
OCLC
–
1243560778
Publisher:
Master Journals
5,000 people with malaria were identified in the
province, there were no drugs to treat them. Also,
doctors are poorly equipped with vehicles, gasoline is
practically not allocated. This, in turn, had a negative
impact on the provision of Medical Services[17].
In 1944, 312 women had children in rural midwives and
403 in urban midwives. Also in 1944, there were 1,168
women in urban areas and 1,286 women in rural areas
who were blind without any medical care[18].
REFERENCES
1.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, Case 7, sheet
71.
2.
Memory. Namangan region. K. 1. Fighters killed and
missing in the war of 1941-1945. - Tashkent: Labor,
1994-B. 6
3.
Mahammadyunusov Sh. The heroics shown by the
Andijonians during the years of World War II (will
be dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the victory
in World War II. Completed second edition). -
Andijan, Andijan publishing-printing LLC, 2016. - B.
49.
4.
Mahmudov M.M. Doctors of Uzbekistan during the
Great Patriotic War. - Tashkent: Knowledge, 1990. -
B. 11.
5.
5.National Archive of scientific and technical and
medical documents of Uzbekistan (own ITTHMA),
1st fund, 1st list, 3296 - work, 1st sheet.
6.
Bakiev Compiled A. Istoria I sovremennoe
sostoyanie podgotovki vrachebnix Kadrov v
Uzbekskoy SSR. Autoref. diss. Kand. med. Nauk. -
Frunze, 1968. - S. 9.
7.
Own MA, R.Foundation 837, register 32, case 4569,
sheet 38.
8.
Own MA, R.Foundation 837, register 32, case 4569,
sheet 39.
9.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, work 17A,
sheet 247.
10.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 796, list 1, case 49,
sheet 8.
11.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, work 17A,
sheet 301.
12.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, work 17A,
sheet 302.
13.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, work 17A,
sheet 270.
14.
Own MA, R.Foundation 837, list 32, work 3929,
sheet 79.
15.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 12, List 1, case 171,
sheet 1.
16.
Own MA, R.Foundation 837, register 32, case 4569,
sheet 19.
17.
Own MA, R.Fund 837, list 32, work 4569, sheet 20.
18.
Namangan VDA, Foundation 111, list 1, work 17A,
sheet 267.
19.
Own ITTHMA, Foundation 1, List 1, work 3570, sheet
35-36
