Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
147
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
(ISSN
–
2767-3278)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-152
OCLC
–
1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
Develop students' design skills using graphics software and 3D printers and other software. In addition, theoretical
information on the development of design skills is provided.
KEYWORDS
Technology, creativity, design, projection, method.
INTRODUCTION
The President of our country, Sh. M. Mirziyoyev,
adopted the Law on Youth, which defines the rights,
interests, and duties of the youth of our country.
Furthermore, the Action Strategy for the five priority
areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan
for 2017-
2021 includes tasks such as “Improving state
youth policy, including nurturing physically healthy,
mentally and intellectually developed, independently
thinking, determined youth with a firm worldview,
loyal to the homeland, and increasing their social
activity in the process of deepening democratic
reforms and developing civil society.”
Expressing confidence in the youth and emphasizing
that they are our future, President Sh. M. Mirziyoyev
stated in his speeches: “Indeed, only you, our dear
youth, who have thoroughly mastered modern
knowledge and professions, think independently, and
live with a sense of involvement in the fate of the
nation, can boldly step forward and solve the tasks that
life places before us today.”
The subject of technical drawing plays an invaluable
role in the preparation of such well-rounded
specialists. This is because technical drawing is directly
connected with technology and its progress. One of
the primary tasks of technical drawing is to train young
Research Article
METHODS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' DESIGN SKILLS
Submission Date:
October 15, 2024,
Accepted Date:
October 20, 2024,
Published Date:
October 25, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-05-10-24
Kokiyev Boburmirzo
Head Of The Department Of Engineering And Computer Graphics At Chirchiq State Pedagogical
University, Phd In Pedagogical Sciences, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjp
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
148
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
(ISSN
–
2767-3278)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-152
OCLC
–
1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
people who master the established standards and
rules for drawing, possess graphical literacy, have
strong spatial imagination and thinking, and can think
creatively, mastering the fundamentals of design.
It is known that scientific and technological
development is largely based on technical design. The
advancement of technology is impossible without
drawings. Therefore, during the process of teaching
technical drawing and performing each graphic task, it
is necessary to instill elements of creative thinking
(design) in students. For example, when drawing views
(projections) of a part, students should be asked
questions such as: Why are these elements needed?
Could it be done differently? This encourages
cooperation with students in finding solutions,
arranging the graphic work on the drawing sheet
independently (composing), and achieving an
aesthetically pleasing design that meets design
standards.
Any mechanism related to design is associated with
creative thinking, that is, creating innovations.
The term "creativity" is derived from Arabic, meaning
creation, discovery, or bringing something into
existence. Creativity refers to generating something
new and useful within a specific context and time. In
general, anything produced beyond the known is
considered a product of creativity. Innovation, in turn,
refers to a technical thinking product that introduces a
new element not previously known, even if it contains
familiar materials.
The emergence of 3D printers capable of printing in 3D
format in the field of engineering graphics has
significantly expanded human capabilities in various
scientific and practical activities. Now, it is possible to
create different components and parts of varying
complexity at home. For such work, polymer materials,
which can easily be purchased in stores or ordered
online, are used.
To print the aforementioned parts on a 3D printer,
learners must acquire basic knowledge and skills in
design. Creating such design elements requires in-
depth study of the principles and rules of technical
drawing. Alongside technical drawing, knowledge of
engineering and computer graphics is also essential for
using relevant software.
What is a 3D printer, and how does it work?
Simply put, a 3D printer is a device that creates three-
dimensional objects through layered printing. First, the
model is developed in special software and then
converted into a G-code. It is divided into horizontal
layers and transformed into digital code, which serves
as a command for the printer, instructing where and
how to apply the material.
The printer’s print head is a complex design that moves
horizontally. A volumetric figure is formed by applying
material across several planes simultaneously. The
object is created on a special work surface that ensures
the polymer adheres and is secured.
As each layer is applied, the surface is lowered by the
thickness of one layer, and the print head applies the
next layer until the object is fully formed. (Figure 1).
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
149
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
(ISSN
–
2767-3278)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-152
OCLC
–
1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
Figure-1.
Nowadays, 3D printing has found applications in all
areas of human activity, from construction to
medicine. These include:
SLA Technology
To better understand the use of polymer materials,
let’s explore several methods, one of which is SLA
(Stereolithography) technology:
1. Polymer or resin is poured into a container and
hardens under the influence of laser beams.
2. Once the system is activated, the laser starts moving
along the axes.
3. At specific contact points with the laser, the polymer
solidifies, changing its structure.
4. After each layer, the container lowers, forming a
frame.
What is Resin?
Resins are organic substances that occur naturally in
plants. They are sticky liquids with a transparent or
dark brown color. Some plants contain resins in their
sap. Although resins are initially liquid and sticky, they
can harden through chemical treatment. The hardness
of resins varies depending on the plant that produces
them. They are insoluble in water but dissolve in
alcohol. Different types of resins exist, each with a
unique chemical composition.
What is a Polymer?
Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating
structural units called monomers, connected by
covalent bonds. These long chains, formed through a
process called polymerization, consist of more than
10,000 atoms and have high molecular weight.
Polymers are classified into two main types based on
the method of synthesis:
1. Addition Polymers: When monomers with double
bonds between carbon atoms undergo addition
reactions, they form addition polymers.
2.
Condensation
Polymers:
During
some
polymerization processes, when two monomers join, a
small molecule like water is released, forming
condensation polymers.
The physical and chemical properties of polymers differ
significantly from those of their monomers.
Additionally, the properties of polymers vary
depending on the number of repeating units. Polymers
are abundant in the environment and play a crucial role
in various fields.
What is the Difference Between Resin and Polymer?
The primary difference between resins and polymers is
their molecular structure and origin. Resins are organic
substances that naturally form in plants, while
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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Pages:
147-152
OCLC
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1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
polymers are large molecules made of repeating
monomer units. Resins have lower molecular weight
compared to polymers, which possess high molecular
weight. Resins are sticky liquids with transparent or
dark brown hues, while polymers can be either solid or
liquid.
SLA technology offers high precision and material
quality, producing detailed objects. However, it is
relatively expensive.
SLS Technology
The Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) method uses laser
beams to create objects layer by layer. A roller
mechanism is installed in the center of the equipment
with a platform that holds the material. Special
polymer material is applied to the platform to create
the part.
After applying a thin layer, the laser fuses the polymer
particles evenly, forming a solid layer. This process
repeats through multiple cycles until the final shape is
achieved.
This method is slightly more complex but still delivers
high precision. Compared to other technologies, SLS
technology is more affordable.
Figure 2. DLP Technology
1.
DLP Printing
2.
DLP (Digital Light Processing) printing is a
relatively new invention in the field of 3D modeling, but
its principle is practically identical to the previously
mentioned methods. It is important to understand that
in DLP printing, an LED strip serves as the primary tool
instead of a laser, as in SLA technology. This not only
speeds up the process and ensures excellent quality
but also helps save on equipment costs. The version
presented is an improved one and holds a leading
position. (Figure 2).
3.
EBM Technology
4.
Another variant used in 3D printing is EBM
(Electron Beam Melting). This technology involves
using directed beams from emitters (electron guns).
Due to the high temperature generated by the electron
beam, the material starts to melt, allowing the
formation of products with various configurations and
sizes. The temperature can rise up to 1000°C, enabling
the processing of certain metals.
5.
The main advantage of this method is its
high speed and productivity, which is especially useful
for large-scale manufacturing and fast production.
6.
Controlling the 3D Printer
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
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VOLUME
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ISSUE
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Pages:
147-152
OCLC
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1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
7.
To ensure the interaction of all systems, it is
essential to properly manage the printing parameters
and adjust the equipment. Various programs and
applications are available to regulate the operation of
3D printers. The main method involves using software
installed on a computer to adjust the following
parameters:
8.
1. Nozzle temperature
–
The temperature at
which the polymer material is delivered to prepare the
model.
9.
2. Bed temperature
–
The temperature of
the print bed to ensure good adhesion of the material
to the surface.
10.
3. Material flow rate and intensity
–
Controls
the speed and intensity of polymer delivery to the
working surface, improving the application of layers.
11.
4. Operation of electric motors
–
Controls
the movement during printing. (Figure 3).
Figure-3
Special Software for Workflow Management with
Supervisors
There are also specialized programs that use coding to
manage workflows and interact with supervisors.
Models for 3D Printing
To ensure such a complex process, special models are
required to build the final product. If you are just
starting to master this technology, it is worthwhile to
learn how to use standard programs and software.
Typically, the package includes installation discs with
the basic software and a set of ready-made figures.
You can find software online or create your own
designs. This section aims to teach you the basics of
layout design. After that, you can try to independently
develop your own layout for future parts. The software
will automatically convert the file format and send it
for printing.
Essential Skills for Using Modern Technologies
Effectively
To apply the latest technologies successfully and
achieve good results, learners must develop the
following skills and knowledge:
1.
Ability to visualize spatially
2.
Knowledge of technical drawing principles
3.
Good experience in engineering and
computer graphics
4.
Solid understanding of design concepts
5.
Familiarity with multiple graphic software
programs
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
152
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS
(ISSN
–
2767-3278)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
147-152
OCLC
–
1242041055
Publisher:
Master Journals
Those who master these skills will be able to achieve
excellent results using modern software without
difficulty.
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Sh.K.Murodov. E.M.Mirzayev Hayitov.J.M.
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Pulat Adilov,. (2018). New View to Executing
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Jumayev. I.O. (2021) Chizmalarni autocad
dasturida chizishda dasturning mavjud
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