Zoology

Subjects of research: cattle, infected with P.bigcminum, mite B.calcaratus, its larvae, chemical preparations, blood of animals, the content of hacmoplobin, crythrocites, leucocytes in blood and parasites in the composition of dblood.
Purpose of work: To study the seasonal dynamics of morbidity with piroplasmosc of cattle, to work out medical - prophylactic remedies and ways on the base of local preparations and to inculcate them into the production practice.
Methods of research: cpizootological, clinical, parasitological, hclmintological.
The results obtained and their novelty: under conditions of different regions of the Republic there was srudied the seasonal dynamics of piroplasmosc of cattle. There was determined the effectiveness of primarily synthesised preparations of diamidinc, uzbicarb, polyamidinc-p at treatment and prophylaxes of piroplasmosc, determined the terms of influence of polyamidinc-p in different dozes of application on agents of piroplasmosc P.bigcminum at the moment both in the organism of cattle and in the organism of a mite B.calcaratus. Under experimental and production conditions rhcrc was ascertained high effectiveness of rhe given preparation for prevention of piroplasmosc.
Practical value: the obtained results at application of diamidine, uzbicarb and poliamidinc-p in private subsidiary, dehkan farms contribute to successful making healthier the cattle from piroplasmosc. Crioconservation of the agent of piroplasmosc is applied for creation the coolcction of its stamms, necessary for conducting further experimental works, creation of specific biopreparations.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of researches arc the base for successful conducting the treatment and prophylaxis of piroplasmose of cattle. We elaborated and confirmed in S of the MAI of the Republic (Tashkent, 2010) «The directions on application of polyamidin-p agenst piroplasmidoses of cattle», is widely inculcated in veterinary practice. The systematic application of poliamidin-p for piroplasmose will allow to get 234 sums from 1 sum of experditure pc a head of cow, it is very profitable.
The results of researches can be used at conducting the scientific researches, for teaching the students and masters on veterinary parasitology.
Field of application: veterinary.

Objects of investigation: pure bred karakul sheep and lambs of sur colouring of different etological types and age groups.
Purpose of work: investigation of productive and interior peculiarities of sur karakul sheep of different etological types in the conditions of pasture maintenance.
Methods of research: zootcchnical, ctolodical, biological, statistical.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first in the conditions of pasture maintenance the resemblance and distinctions of productive and interior peculiarities of sur karakul sheep of different etological types were investigated and revealed. The superiority of sheep and its generation of first etological types according to the use and digestibility of pasture fodder, productive, interior peculiarities, indexes of growth and development has been scientifically well -grounded et was investigated that sheep of given type have the superiority in comparison with sheep of 23 types according food activity on 5, 7 - 12, 0%, fertility in 5-10%, daily milk productive on 40-115g. wool productivity on 8,7-16,4%; they had better saturation of blood with erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein - that indicates about better proceeding in their organisms of oxidizing -deoxidizing processes.
Practical value: The use of etological differentiation of karakul sheep in the selection word promotes for the better use of pasture fodder and effective digestion of nutritive substances, increasing meat, wool and milk productivity and level of profitabless on 7,4 - 8,5%.
Degree of embed and economical efficiency: The results of investigation can be successfully applicatcd in all karakul husbandry. At present, they arc successfully introduced in the karakul husbandry “Istiklol” (the former by F. Khodjaev) in Navoi region and provides the additional profit from 1 sheep about 1476, 2-22301, 7 sum.
Field of application: The karakul sheep branch of agriculture in the Republic Uzbekistan.

This article presents information on the problems and prospects of rabbit breeding in the development of rabbit breeding in Uzbekistan. The article describes the use of genetic modification and biotechnology in the development of rabbit breeding based on the laws of heredity and variability, as well as in improving the useful economic qualities of rabbits and creating new breeds of rabbits for the rabbit breeding industry.

Objects of investigation: pure bred karakul sheep and lambs of sur colouring of different etological types and age groups.
Purpose of work: investigation of productive and interior peculiarities of sur karakul sheep of different etological types in the conditions of pasture maintenance.
Methods of research: zootcchnical, ctolodical, biological, statistical.
The results obtained and their novelty: For the first in the conditions of pasture maintenance the resemblance and distinctions of productive and interior peculiarities of sur karakul sheep of different etological types were investigated and revealed. The superiority of sheep and its generation of first etological types according to the use and digestibility of pasture fodder, productive, interior peculiarities, indexes of growth and development has been scientifically well -grounded et was investigated that sheep of given type have the superiority in comparison with sheep of 23 types according food activity on 5, 7 - 12, 0%, fertility in 5-10%, daily milk productive on 40-115g. wool productivity on 8,7-16,4%; they had better saturation of blood with erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein - that indicates about better proceeding in their organisms of oxidizing -deoxidizing processes.
Practical value: The use of etological differentiation of karakul sheep in the selection word promotes for the better use of pasture fodder and effective digestion of nutritive substances, increasing meat, wool and milk productivity and level of profitabless on 7,4 - 8,5%.
Degree of embed and economical efficiency: The results of investigation can be successfully applicatcd in all karakul husbandry. At present, they arc successfully introduced in the karakul husbandry “Istiklol” (the former by F. Khodjacv) in Navoi region and provides the additional profit from 1 sheep about 1476, 2-22301, 7 sum.
Field of application: The karakul sheep branch of agriculture in the Republic Uzbekistan.

Itlardagi mavjud patologiyalar orasida ichki yuqumsiz kasalliklaridan keyin yetakchi o'rinlardan birini jarrohlik kasalliklar egallaydi. Teri yalligTanishlarini optimal davolash yoTlarini topish. patogenetik asoslangan davolashni belgilash. toksik - allergik holatlami rivojlanishiga olib keladigan medikametozli terapiya xajmini qisqartirish veterinariyaning aktual muammosi bo Tib qolmoqda. Sintetik preparatlar ko'proq toksik bo Tib. qiyin boshqariladigan autoimmun patologiyalar rivojlanishiga olib kelishi munikm. Allergik holatlami rivojlanishiga olib keladigan medikametozli terapiya xajmini qisqartirish veterinariyaning asosiy muammosi bo‘lib qolmoqda. Bunday vazifalami tibbiyot va veterinariyada qadimdan qo'llanib kelgan dorivor o'simliklar bajarib kelgan.

In the article, nowadays, during the development of rabbit farming on an industrial basis, a large number of rabbits are kept in special cages, which makes it necessary to care for a large number of rabbits in one place. In such cases, of course, storage, feeding, etc. If a mistake is made due to a slight neglect of such regimens, various diseases may appear. This score creates the basis for the spread of infectious diseases. Information on the pathology and treatment methods of infectious viral diseases in rabbits is presented.

This article provides information about one of the most common parasitic diseases among rabbits, Eymeriosis, the relevant recommendations for the spread, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease, in particular, Koxitoks, one of the highly effective anti-Eymeriosis drugs that are widely used today. , Toltrox, Intracox oral, Vazuril is recommended.

This article provides information on the prevalence, epizootology, biology, effective treatment, and cost-effective control of avian prostogonism.

This article contains information about helminthoses in poultry (chickens) and their distribution in some districts of the Navoi and Bukhara regions, which are considered the south-western regions of our country.
The researches were carried out in the irrigated districts of these regions with natural water bodies, and fecal samples were taken from chickens raised in the direction of eggs, in households and poultry farms, and examined by fyulleborn and serial washing methods.
Another important aspect of our research in these regions is that helminthological studies have not been conducted on poultry (chickens) in these regions for many years, and the helminth fauna of poultry (chickens) in these regions has not been studied.
In the article, the distribution of helminthosis of chickens (prostogonimosis, ascariasis, heterokidosis, capillariosis, etc.), the extent and intensity of infestation among chickens is also presented in the literature. As a result of the conducted research, the optimal periods of deworming and prevention have also been determined.

Subjects of research: bones of wrist, metatarsus, metacarpus, I, II, III phalanx of pectoral and pelvis limbs of karakul and gissar sheep.
Purpose of work: for determination of the influence of the conditions of inhabitancc and their adaptation on morphofunctional peculiarities in postnatal ontogenesis of different breeds of sheep, breeding in different ecological zones, was put the aim to study postnatal ontogenesis of bones autopodies of sheep of karakul and gissar breeds of different ages of postnatal development under adccquatc and extreme conditions of steppe and foot lull zones of Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: macroanatomical, microanatomical, physical, eolourmetrieal, spcctrophotomctrical.
The results obtained and their novelty: as a result of the scientific researches for the first time there were studied the comparative morphofunctional peculiarities of bones of autopodies of sheep of karakul and gissar breeds, grown under adequate and extreme ecological natural conditions in postnatal ontogenesis. For the first time acquired scientific data about physical and chemical peculiarities of autopody bones and influence to them national environmental conditions at postnatal ontogenesis period. Besides, for the first time there were determined the critical phases of postnatal life of sheep.
Practical value: taking into account morphological and physical -chemical changes of bones in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis of sheep, it’s possible to conduct prophylactic measures, purposed to the prevention of negative deflection in animal’s organism.
The scientific information, obtained as a result of microanatomical and physical - chemical researches can be used in veterinary judical medical examination, during archeological researches.
The degree of embed and economic effectivity. The results of inquiries were inculcated into educational process in the chairs of anatomy, physiology, surgery of animals and pharmacology of SamAI and in the chairs of zoology, physiology, genetic and chemistry of SamSU sections of UzSIKDE. There were published 3 practical recommendations, 1 monograph on the materials of the dissertational work.
Field of application: veterinary, zoocnginccring, karakul sheep breeding, ecomorphology, osteology, biology of individual development, morphogenetic.

Comprehensive development of rabbit breeding in households, selection of rabbit breeds depending on the direction of production and climatic conditions of the farm, establishment of breeding activities based on correct scientific experiments, prevention of various diseases of rabbits, increasing their immunity, it is necessary to ensure the normal development of the body, enrich the diet with protein and vitamin components. Problems that need to be solved. In the conditions of a modern market economy, in order to provide the population with environmentally friendly meat products, light industry with rabbit skin, down, etc., it is necessary to develop animal husbandry, especially the rabbit breeding industry, based on modern technology and create an environmentally friendly food base.

The aim of the research is identification of the taxonomic, ecologic and trophic composition of nematodes in the arid zones of Uzbekistan and establishment of the features of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time it was revealed species diversity of nematodes in arid zones of Uzbekistan, faunal complexes were nematodes of the radical soil and the community of plants of the arid zone;
for the first time it was listed 176 species of nematodes in the arid zone, 6 species are described as new to science, 5 species are new for the fauna of Uzbekistan
it was disclosed morphological and ecological features of the nematode community were reported, including semisaprobionts, parasitobionts and ectoparasites;
on the composition of dominant groups of species and host plants structure of biocenotic complexes of nematodes, following types of communities are distinguished - acrobeloid, dolichodorid, acrobeloid-dolichodorid, dolichodorid-dorylamoid and cephaloboid-acrobeloid;
correlative relations were established complications of organization of body covering depending on ecological conditions of nematode habitat;
dependence was revealed ecological groups of nematodes on environmental factors; anatomic-morphological and physiological aspects of the adaptive response were determined for nematodes to arid climate conditions;
ecological groups were identified on the basis of morphological, physiological characteristics of nematodes and their trophic connections with host plants;
based on the nematodes occurrence’ frequency, it is suggested that semi-sarobiotic nematode species from Acrobelinae subfamily are main agents for plant litter processing in sandy soils of arid zones;
role of the hydrothermal regime has been clarified in desert soils on the life cycle of a dangerous parasite, the root-knot nematode. Methods are developed for the prevention of phytohelminthiasis of cotton.

In the П-lactation of the daughters of the Montblyard breed, according to the type of external body structure of the cows, the milk-meat type cows have a height of 2.28%, the height of the udder is 0.94%, compared to the meat-milk type. Breast size is 0.58%, 3.1 % more, chest depth is 1.67%. sht became more than the type of exterior body structure.
The height of the cows of the milk-meat type is 2.8 cm, the height of the withers is 2.63 cm, and the width of the chest is 3.2 cm. is higher, chest depth is 5.6 (P>0.95) cm less, chest circumference is 3.2 cm (P>0.999), body oblique length is 3.8 cm higher, the back femur decreased by 2.4 cm, the leg circumference decreased by 1.66 cm (P>0.95).

This article presents information about the spread of helminthiasis in households and poultry farms in some districts of the regions of the Central geographical climate region of our Republic, as well as information on their treatment.

This article presents information about the spread of helminthiasis in households and poultry farms in some districts of the regions of the Central geographical climate region of our Republic, as well as information on their treatment.

This article provides a review and analysis of the literature on the prevalence of major helminthiasis in chickens (prostagonimosis, ascariasis, heteracidosis, etc.), the extent and intensity of invasion among chickens.

The am of the rsearch work is to develop and improve methods of control in the main cestodoses of animals in Uzbekistan based on the study of epizootology, early diagnosis, and the implementation of a set of health and immunoprophylactic measures.
Scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
for the first time in Uzbekistan, the epizootological features of the main cestodias of sheep and dogs are substantiated, as in the natural conditions in the provision and spread of invasion, the dog-sheep-dog system has a great epizootological and epidemiological significance;
A distribution, seasonal and age-related dynamics, as well as dynamics associated with functional tasks, sex, basic cestodias in definitive and intermediate hosts are established;
the biology of Echinococcus granulosus is substantiated on the basis of the study of its development in the organism of dogs and the factors acting on it; Morphological, clinical, pathoanatomical, helminthoscopic, hematological and biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of sheep echinococcosis have been developed and improved;
a set of special health measures for the main cestodiasis of sheep and dogs was developed;
the effect of modem anthelmintics (hydrogen bromide arecoline, febendazole, fenasal, bithionol, febantel, mebendazole, disillan in the form of solutions of different concentrations, as well as cestane, Brovanol-D, Brovanol-M, Brovanol plus) has been scientifically substantiated in echinococcosis of dogs;
the method of immunoprophylaxis for echinococcosis of sheep has been improved.

In the article, the average daily age of young female rabbits of the California breed is 52,7 days, their average live weight is 1345,2 g, the average external body dimensions are 34 cm, the average chest circumference is 21,8 cm, and the body index is the result of statistical analysis of mathematical measurements, average was 64,10%. By the age of 148,8 days, the rabbits in the experiment had an average live weight of 2900,4 g, an average body length of 50 cm, and an average breast circumference of 32,2 cm.

Subjects of research: Coccinellidae of biocenoses and agroecosystems of Bukhara oasis, sucking pests of plants.
Purpose of work: the main purpose is the study of the fauna, ecology and industrial importance of Coccinellidae in Bukhara oasis.
Methods of research: entomological and ecological methods of studies are used in the work.
The results obtained and their novelty: forty-one Coccinellidae spp. of 2 subfamilies, 9 tribes, of which 33 are common and 8 are rare, and 14 have first been recorded under conditions of Bukhara oasis. It was for the first time established that Coccinella septempunctata feeds on 93 aphid species of 5 families of the suborder Aphidinae. Besides, trophic links of Adonia variegata and Chilocorus bipustulatus have been established. The confinement of Coccinellidae species to habitats, as well as to different types of wintering grounds, has been established. Causes of large-scale death of Coccinellidae from the effect of anthropogenic factors have been revealed and methods of protection and improvement of their effectiveness against the pests of agricultural crops suggested.
Practical value: conservation of Coccinellidae biodiversity and increase in the numbers of their species in agroecosystems enables the decrease in the numbers of pests of agricultural crops.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of this study on the revealing of the role of local Coccinellidae species in Bukhara oasis, their protection and involvement in pest control yield a significant economic effect.
Field of application: environmental protection, education, scientific studies.

This article provides information on the organization of Iksod mites and quarantine 10 measures that cause great economic damage to livestock.

The /З-glucosidase enzyme is one of the important enzymes that breaks down cellulose and other glycans. The main function of this enzyme is to isolate glucose molecules by hydrolyzing 0-1,4-glycosidic bonds, ^-glucosidase enzyme is synthesized by many microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. The study of the genetic basis of this enzyme is of great importance in the fields of biotechnology and industry, and allows to optimize the conversion of cellulose-based biomass. In our study, the presence of (^-glucosidase enzyme gene was detected in 7 strains of Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Chryseobacterium anthropi, Proteus vulgaris and Alcaligenesfaecalis by PCR amplification of this gene.

The experiment model of polytrauma of animals 3, 6, 24-month old was conducted according to the method of A.A. Hudyma. The research was conducted after 1, 3, 24 hours and for 14 days after modulation of polytrauma. The activity of processes of lipid peroxidation was judged by the content of TBK-active products. Activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the content of ceruloplasmin was determined by biochemical methods. Statistic processing of material was carried out by parametric methods. The analysis of the relation-ship between the two features in the presence of a normal distribution was estimated by the results of the corre-lation analysis by Pearson. We have established the relationship between lipid peroxidation and AOS in three-month young rats in the early stages after the polytraumatic modeling. At 1, 3 and 24 hours after the polytrau-matic modeling, lipid peroxidation indexes increased and enzymes of AOS were activated. In late terms after the modeling of polytrauma (14 days) in animals of 3 months old AOS protection was absent by the established
direct strong correlation between the activity of SOD of the liver and blood CP (r= 0,73, р0,05). In 6 and 24-month old rats, after 1, 3, and 24 hours after polytraumaticsmodeling, there were found inverse statistically significant correlation connections between MDA level and AOS indicators. In the late stages of the modeling of polytrauma of animals of 6 and 24 months old there was a depletion of enzymatic link of AOS on the back-ground of high content of MDA. The increase of intensification of lipid peroxidation processes leads to a de-crease in the adaptation resources of AOS in animals of different age groups with polytrauma and vice versa, increase in exhaustion of the AOS potential leads to activation of lipid peroxidation which induces peroxidation
processes in polytrauma. It predicts the progressing of misbalance in antioxidant system in injured animals in
different terms of polytrauma.

Reforms in the field of education, like in all areas, are coming in pictures and news. Today, it is an important task of the teacher to abandon the traditional methods of teaching English and organize a lesson based on new interactive methods. It is an urgent issue to organize lessons based on creative ideas in increasing the level of knowledge of English language in elementary grades.

Subject of the inquiry: silkworm, mulberry leaves, a larva, silk gland, a cocoon, silk.
Aim of the inquiry: revealing the dependence between silk glands activity on the basis of feeding and temperature influence and biological indicators, productivity, a rating, and also technological features of a cocoon and its use at selection-hereditary works, especially at creation of new breeds and hybrids of silkworms.
Method of inquiry: agro technical and biological.
The results received and their novelty: influence of feeding and temperature on silk glands activity of a silkworm is scientifically proved. For the first time dependence between activity and indicators of silk glands and biological indicators, productivity, a rating and technological features of a cocoon and use of this communication at selection-hereditary works is scientifically proved, especially at creation of new breeds and hybrids of silkworms..
Practical value: it has been revealed that nonnormalized feeding and sharp change of temperatures in worm-house negatively affects the silk glands activity that leads to decrease in biological indicators, productivity, a rating and technological features of a cocoon.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: at creation of new breeds and hybrids of a silkworm an especially great value is given to interrelation between silk glands activity and productivity of cocoon (biological indicators, productivity, a rating and technological features of a cocoon). As a result, at normalized silkworm feeding by high-quality leaves of a mulberry and at worms growing at moderate temperatures, from each box of a silkworm it is possible to receive the additional income for the sum of 249600 sums.
Sphere of use: silkworm breeding branch of agriculture, silkworm breeding stations and scientific research institutes.

In the conditions of a peasant [farm] farm, raising rabbits in two-tier mother-feeding cages KMF-2 contributed to an increase in average daily gain by 41.2%, live weight at the age of 90 days by 16.0% and slaughter weight by 17.5%, and also reducing feed costs per 1 kg ofgrowth - by 29.3%>.