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CORRECTIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN SPECIAL
PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS
Rahmatova Shirin Nig’mon qizi
Teacher of the Department of Clinical Fundamentals of Surdopedagogy and
Special Pedagogy of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami
Abdisamadova Obodon Arslon qizi
Student of the Surdopedagogy department of the Faculty of "Special Pedagogy
and Inclusive Education" of Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University
named after Nizami
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14830282
Annotation:
This article examines the significance, main directions, and
methods of correctional and educational work carried out in special preschool
institutions.
Key words:
special education, correctional pedagogy, child development,
individual approach, special methods, rehabilitation, differentiation,
socialization, emotional.
Correctional Educational Work in Special Preschool Institutions
Special preschool institutions are key centers for the education and
upbringing of children with developmental disorders. These institutions
implement special correctional programs aimed at ensuring the physical,
psychological, and social development of children. Currently, new pedagogical
technologies and specialized methodological approaches are widely used in
these processes.
Main Directions and Tasks
The main tasks of correctional educational work in special preschool
institutions include:
1. Correction of Speech Disorders: Eliminating phonetic, grammatical, and
lexical deficiencies in children.
2. Supporting Physical Development: Organizing special exercises to
develop motor skills.
3. Ensuring Social and Emotional Development: Enhancing communication
skills and preparing children for socialization.
4. Individual Approach: Organizing the educational process based on each
child's specific needs.
The Content of Educational Work in Special Preschool Institutions
Educational activities in special preschool institutions contribute to the
social, moral, emotional, and psychological development of children, helping
them find their place in society. Children in these institutions often have unique
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developmental characteristics, requiring special attention in their upbringing.
Educational work should be organized according to their individual needs and
capabilities.
Functions of Special Preschool Institutions
These institutions focus not only on education but also on strengthening
children's health, developing social skills, and adapting them to society.
Educational activities are carried out considering each child's individual
characteristics. Since every child has different physical, intellectual, and
emotional needs, a personalized approach is essential.
Objectives and Tasks of Educational Work
The primary goal of educational work in special preschool institutions is to
create a healthy and safe environment for children, support their development,
and instill social and moral values. The following tasks are addressed:
Social Adaptation: Teaching children to communicate, collaborate, and
manage their emotions.
Cognitive Development: Helping children acquire new knowledge and
express their thoughts.
Emotional Development: Encouraging children to understand and manage
their emotions while respecting others.
Health Promotion: Improving physical well-being through physical
education, arts, and play activities.
Methods and Forms of Educational Work
Educational work in special preschool institutions is carried out using
various methods and forms, including:
Play Activities: Adapted games that support children's cognitive, physical,
and emotional development.
Artistic and Creative Activities: Drawing, dancing, music, and handicrafts
help develop children's creativity and aesthetic thinking.
Individualized Approach: Using diverse methodologies tailored to each
child's needs and abilities.
Time Management: Organizing activities effectively, balancing play and rest.
Results of Educational Work in Special Preschool Institutions
The educational work conducted in these institutions helps correct
behavioral issues, facilitates social adaptation, and enables children to integrate
into society. Key outcomes include:
Improved self-expression and communication skills.
Development of responsibility and social interaction abilities.
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Increased self-confidence and adherence to ethical norms.
Individual Approach for Children with Special Needs
Children in special preschool institutions may have various psychological,
physiological, and developmental characteristics. Educational work plays a
crucial role, as each child has unique and special needs.
Psychological Support: Regular psychological monitoring and therapy
sessions help children develop emotional and social skills.
Pedagogical Individual Approaches: Teachers use different methods based
on each child's abilities and learning pace.
Rehabilitation and Support: Specialized activities, therapy sessions, and
physiotherapy enhance children's daily functioning.
Educational Work and Socialization Process
Socialization is a key focus in special preschool institutions, helping
children integrate into society by learning communication, behavioral norms,
and emotional regulation.
Interaction and Group Activities: Playing and working together teach
cooperation, mutual respect, and teamwork.
Educational Games and Rituals: Games help children understand and follow
societal rules in a structured manner.
Special Educational Methods
Pedagogical methods in special education institutions are adapted to the
individual needs of children. These methods support psychological, emotional,
and physical development.
Differentiated Approach: Teaching children according to their specific
characteristics and learning abilities.
Development of Sensory and Motor Activities: Special exercises and games
help improve physical health and sensory perception.
Emotional and Psychological Support: Psychological training and group
therapy sessions enhance children's self-confidence and emotional regulation
skills.
Collaboration with Parents
Active cooperation with parents is essential in special preschool
institutions. Parents play a significant role in their children's education and
upbringing.
Regular Communication with Parents: Teachers organize meetings,
seminars, and consultations to improve children's learning and upbringing.
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Parent Training and Guidance: Special training sessions and psychological
support help parents better understand their children's needs.
Resources for Educational Work in Special Preschool Institutions
Educational Materials: Adapted learning tools and toys play a crucial role in
children's cognitive and physical development.
Teacher Qualification: Educators in special preschool institutions must have
specialized knowledge and skills to apply individual approaches and
psychological support effectively.
Current Challenges in Special Preschool Institutions:
1. Shortage of specialized teachers and lack of advanced training.
2. Insufficient educational materials and equipment.
3. Lack of a systematic approach to working with parents.
Recommendations:
Providing professional development courses for teachers in specialized
fields.
Equipping educational institutions with modern tools and materials.
Actively involving parents in the process and establishing consultation
services.
Conclusion.
Correctional educational work in special preschool institutions plays a crucial
role in ensuring children's comprehensive development. Enhancing this process
with modern pedagogical approaches and increasing parental involvement can
significantly improve its effectiveness.
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M. 1972
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