ILMIY VA PROFESSIONAL TA’LIM JARAYONIDA MULOQOT, FAN VA MADANIYATLAR
INTEGRATSIYASI
550
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
PHRASEOLOGICAL EXPRESSIONS IN MODERN ENGLISH: DERIVATIONAL
FEATURES AND THEIR ROLE IN LANGUAGE THEORY AND THE CULTURE OF
DIALOGUE
Abduvakhabova Umida Yusupovna
Associate professor of SamSIFL
Mukhammadieva Shakhzoda Farkhodovna
Master’s student of SamSIFL
Abstract.
This paper explores phraseological expressions in modern English, focusing on
their derivational features and their role in language theory and the culture of dialogue. The
study examines how idiomatic expressions evolve and reflect the dynamics of social interaction,
cultural shifts, and communicative intentions. By analyzing various idiomatic structures, the
paper highlights their linguistic and cultural significance in modern English usage.
Keywords:
phraseological expressions, derivational features, idioms, language theory,
culture of dialogue, communicative intentions.
Introduction.
In contemporary linguistics, phraseological expressions—encompassing
idioms, proverbs, collocations, and fixed phrases—represent a fundamental aspect of language
structure and communication. These expressions are not merely decorative linguistic elements;
they are rich in meaning and cultural significance, often conveying complex ideas in a succinct
and contextually relevant manner. Characterized by their non-literal interpretations,
phraseological expressions serve as vehicles for creativity, enabling speakers to articulate
thoughts and emotions that might otherwise require lengthy explanations.
The evolution of these expressions is a fascinating process that reflects the dynamic
interplay between language, cognition, and culture. Understanding the derivational features of
phraseological expressions illuminates how they arise, adapt, and become embedded within a
language community. This exploration reveals the mechanisms through which language evolves
in response to cultural shifts, societal changes, and the cognitive processes of its speakers. For
instance, idioms often emerge from metaphorical thinking, while proverbs encapsulate collective
wisdom shaped by historical experiences and cultural narratives [1,13].
This article delves into the nature of phraseological expressions, examining their
derivation processes and the critical role they play in the culture of dialogue within
contemporary communication. By exploring these dimensions, we aim to highlight the
importance of phraseological expressions not only as linguistic phenomena but also as essential
components of human interaction that enrich our understanding of language as a living, evolving
entity. Through this exploration, we seek to underscore the intricate relationship between
language, thought, and culture, illustrating how phraseological expressions continue to shape and
reflect the complexities of modern communication.
Phraseological expressions in English can take various forms, including idioms,
collocations, proverbs, and fixed phrases. These expressions are distinct from literal language in
that their meaning is not directly derived from the meanings of individual words but instead from
conventional usage patterns. For example, the idiom
"kick the bucket"
means
"to die,"
and cannot
be understood by considering the meanings of "kick" and "bucket" alone [7,123]. The richness of
these expressions adds to the color and depth of communication in English.
Idioms are perhaps the most recognizable form of phraseological expressions. They
consist of combinations of words whose meaning is entirely different from the literal
interpretation. For instance, the expression
"kick the bucket"
refers to the act of dying, not to any
actual interaction with a bucket. The words "kick" and "bucket" contribute little to the overall
meaning, which must be understood within a cultural context. Idiomatic expressions often resist
translation because they encapsulate deeply ingrained cultural references and historical origins.
ILMIY VA PROFESSIONAL TA’LIM JARAYONIDA MULOQOT, FAN VA MADANIYATLAR
INTEGRATSIYASI
551
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Collocations refer to pairs or groups of words that frequently occur together, forming
habitual and predictable combinations. For example, in English, we
"make a decision"
or
"take a
break."
These phrases are not idiomatic in the strict sense, as their meanings can often be
deduced from the words themselves, but they are considered fixed phrases due to the frequent
and natural pairing of certain words. Understanding common collocations is essential for
mastering the rhythm and fluency of the language. [5,84]
Proverbs are another type of phraseological expression, often encapsulating wisdom,
moral lessons, or common truths. An example would be
"A bird in the hand is worth two in the
bush,"
meaning that it's better to value what you already have than to risk it for something
uncertain. Proverbs are typically passed down through generations, carrying cultural significance
and offering insight into the values of the society that uses them. [3,254]
Fixed phrases or expressions are combinations of words that are widely accepted as units
of meaning but don't always have an obvious connection to the literal meaning of their
components. Phrases like
"under the weather" (feeling ill)
or
"at the end of the day" (in the final
analysis)
function in everyday communication as set expressions with meanings that are often
divorced from their literal interpretation.
These phraseological expressions enhance communication by providing speakers with an
efficient way to convey complex ideas in a compact form. They are instrumental in adding color
and richness to everyday language, as well as allowing speakers to express culturally specific
concepts, emotions, and social nuances. Additionally, phraseological expressions often have
metaphorical origins and meanings that reflect the cognitive processes of language users, shaping
how individuals conceptualize and interact with the world around them.
The derivation of phraseological expressions involves the modification or transformation
of individual words or established phrases. Over time, certain expressions undergo shifts in
meaning and form, often reflecting changing cultural norms or societal attitudes. For example,
many idiomatic expressions today are adapted from older expressions but with altered meanings.
The expression
"break the ice,"
originally referring to the physical breaking of ice to facilitate
trade, has evolved into a social expression that means
"to initiate conversation in a social
setting."
[9,152]
The process of derivation in phraseology often involves metaphor, synecdoche, and
metonymy. These devices help in the formation of new meanings that are understood within
specific cultural and linguistic contexts. Additionally, the syntactic flexibility of certain
phraseological expressions allows them to evolve through the incorporation of new words,
creating novel idioms and phrases.
Phraseological expressions are deeply rooted in the culture and history of the English-
speaking world. They reflect cultural values, social norms, and historical events. The use of
phraseological expressions in dialogue reveals the social context in which they are employed,
and the way they mediate the relationship between the speaker and the listener. For example,
expressions such as
"by the book"
or
"a piece of cake"
are not only linguistically significant but
also culturally indicative of societal attitudes toward rules, simplicity, and achievement.
The culture of dialogue in modern English, particularly in informal communication, relies
heavily on these expressions for conveying shared meanings. In digital communication, the use
of slang and internet memes, which can be viewed as a form of modern phraseology, has further
expanded the ways in which phraseological expressions are used to reflect evolving social
identities and cultural dynamics.
Language theory, particularly in the fields of semantics and pragmatics, provides a
framework for understanding the function and meaning of phraseological expressions. From a
semantic perspective, idiomatic expressions challenge traditional models of meaning, as their
meanings cannot always be inferred through the literal definitions of their components. From a
pragmatic perspective, these expressions carry connotative meanings that are understood based
on the context and shared cultural knowledge between the speaker and the listener.
ILMIY VA PROFESSIONAL TA’LIM JARAYONIDA MULOQOT, FAN VA MADANIYATLAR
INTEGRATSIYASI
552
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Additionally, the role of phraseological expressions in the negotiation of meaning and
identity within the culture of dialogue is essential for understanding their impact on modern
communication. The ability to use idioms effectively is often seen as a marker of linguistic
competence and cultural literacy.
Conclusion
Phraseological expressions are an indispensable feature of modern English, contributing
to both the structure and richness of language. Their derivational features reflect the evolution of
language and the dynamic interplay between linguistic structures and cultural contexts. As we
continue to see shifts in communication practices, the significance of these expressions in the
culture of dialogue will persist, offering insight into the social and cultural forces that shape
contemporary language. Understanding their derivational processes enhances our appreciation of
language's adaptive nature and its role in shaping human interaction.
By delving into the derivational processes of phraseological expressions, we uncover a
deeper understanding of language as a living entity—one that adapts and transforms in response
to the needs and values of its speakers. This exploration reveals how language is not merely a
tool for communication but also a reflection of our collective identity and cultural heritage.
Ultimately, embracing the richness of phraseological expressions enriches our understanding of
both language and culture, fostering more meaningful interactions and connections in an
increasingly interconnected world. As we navigate these complexities, we recognize that the
study of phraseology is not just about words; it is about understanding the very essence of human
experience and expression.
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