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CURRENT STATE OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS ACCOUNTING
ORGANIZATION AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT
Sarmanov Orifjon Adiljonovich
Senior teacher of Customs Institute of Customs Committee,
Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN
Email id: sarmanovorifjon@gmail.com,
mob.: (+998) 97 394 10 24
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12602809
"Customs payments play a significant role in ensuring sustainable
development of the national economy by regulating external trade flows to a
necessary degree, and are used to achieve economic security, as well as fiscal
objectives.
The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Strategy
of Uzbekistan-2030" has been adopted. According to this Decree, one of the
priority directions is identified as "Ensuring prosperity of the population
through sustainable economic growth". The objective outlined under this
direction in goal number 46, titled "Ensuring consolidation of budget
sustainability by reducing the share of consolidated budget deficit relative to
GDP from 4% in 2024 to 3% in subsequent years", has been specified." [1]
"Managing customs payments remains a pressing issue in today's context.
Customs payments are managed through the Customs Cargo Declaration (CCD),
which serves as the basis for operations. One critical aspect in formalizing
customs declarations is the conversion of contracts denominated in various
foreign currencies to the national currency, the som, for the calculation of
customs payments.
These issues are addressed under the budget accounting standard "Impact
of Exchange Rate Changes" (No. 4 in the BPS). It stipulates that for budget
accounting, the value of assets and liabilities utilized in foreign currencies must
be recalculated into som for reporting purposes. The official exchange rate on
the date when transactions in foreign currencies occurred is used for this
purpose [2].
The value of imported goods and associated liabilities in foreign currency
are reassessed on the last working day of the reporting period based on the
official exchange rate on the date of the transaction in foreign currency.
Under item 45 of the Customs Cargo Declaration, the customs value
recorded in the contract currency is converted into som for customs payment
calculation purposes, based on item 47 of the CCD. Therefore, to calculate the
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customs value, it is necessary to multiply the customs value (item 45) by the
contract currency exchange rate (item 23) as stated in item 47.
Customs payments are calculated and levied in the national currency, the
som.
Next, we examine the specific characteristics of accounts and accounting
balances of business entities engaged in importing. In the company's accounting
department, the specifics of customs payments are recorded as follows (Table
1). Customs payment benefits received are reflected as credits in account '8840 -
Special Tax Benefits Utilized'. This amount is recorded under the financial
reporting form 'Accounting Balance', in the liabilities section 'Special Levies' at
line 460."[2]
1-table.
Double-entry accounting entries accounting for concessions from customs
payments at importing enterprises
Т/р
Content
of
economic
transactions
Value
(mill.som)
Accounting records
Debit
Kredit
1
In the importing
enterprise,
accounting
entries
were made for the
exemption
from
customs payments
100,0
1010 - "raw
materials and
materials" [3]
6991
-
"creditor's debt
for
received
inventory
-
current part"
2
Exemptions
from
customs payments
on imported goods
were reflected.
100,0
6991
-
"creditor's debt
on the received
inventory
-
current part”
8840
-
"purposeful tax
credits”
"As shown in the table, importers add the customs duty exemption to the
value of imported goods. When there are exemptions related to customs duties,
it is necessary to provide information regarding the regulatory documents that
stipulate the exemption from customs duties according to the requirements in
box 44 of the Customs Declaration.
In this case, detailing the mutual connection of accounting accounts used by
budget agencies and importers for the calculation and payment of customs
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duties can facilitate clarification of the issue and enable acceptance of
appropriate management decisions (Table 2)."
2-table.
Comparative analysis of accounting transfers used by budgetary
authorities and importers for the calculation and payment of customs
duties
Contents of operations on
customs payments
Calculation
of
customs fees in
importers
Calculation of
customs fees at
the
customs
authority
Debit
Kredit
Debit
Kredit
Debts to the budget for various
deductions, taxes and fees
related to period expenses
9430
6410
The amount of VAT and excise
duty was calculated on the sale
of finished products, goods,
performance of work and
provision of services, as well as
the sale of fixed assets and other
assets and various issues
4010
6410
The amount of VAT related to
material
resources,
goods,
works and services was taken
into account
6410
4410
Debts to the budget were paid
from the received loans and
debts
6410
6810-
6840,
7810-
7840
Funds received in the single
treasury account were accepted
to the relevant revenues of the
budgets of the budget system (in
the appropriate branch of the
treasury departments)
102
417
140
000
Tax and customs revenues
were returned based on the
140000
102
417
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conclusion of the authorized
div and relevant documents in
the
treasury
departments
(according to the relevant
budgets).
In the treasury departments
(according to the relevant
budgets), an amendment was
made to the reference books of
the tax authorities, based on the
income calculated on the tax and
customs payments of the
previous fiscal year.
141
000
991
100
Cancellation or reduction of
income obligation calculated in
previous years
991
100
141
000
Based on the analysis above, we can come to the following conclusions:
1.
Analyzing the uniqueness of the codes and names of accounts in the
budget sector and production sectors of the economy will complicate the
identification of analytical conclusions.
2.
The need to adhere to the conceptual foundations and procedures of
accounting accounts according to international standards is confirmed, and the
benefits of using economic concepts and accounting procedures in various
economic sectors and areas are emphasized.
Considering the implementation of public leadership in accounting for the
economy and finance ministry, organizing and finalizing the accounting for
customs duties, as well as streamlining, automating financial and accounting
processes, identifying financial reporting forms, transforming them according to
international standards, "University 4.0" requires integration of education,
production, and trade processes.
References:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Decree No. PF-158 of
September 11, 2023 "On the strategy of "Uzbekistan - 2030".
https://lex.uz/docs/6600413.
2. The standard of budget accounting of the Republic of Uzbekistan(SBA No.4)
"Effect of exchange rate changes". www.lex.uz.
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3. National accounting standard of the Republic of Uzbekistan NAS No. 21.
4. www.lex.uz.
