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EXTRACTION OF CHITOSAN FROM CERTAIN INSECTS
Sherali Khasanovich Karimov
is a doctoral student of FarDU
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13884170
Abstract.
In this article, the results of determining the deacetylation level
of chitosan biopolymer isolated from Leptinotarsa decemlinaeata using
potentiometric titration and elemental analysis method are presented.
Key words:
Chitin, Chitosan, Melolontha melolontha, Leptinotarsa
decemlinaeata, Eurygaster integriceps, degree of deacetylation, potentiometric
titration, elemental analysis.
The raw materials of chitin are diverse and widely distributed in nature.
According to scientists, its reproduction in the world ocean is equal to 2.5 billion
tons per year, and the annual world production potential of chitin is about 200
thousand tons.
It is not for nothing that scientists say that chitosan is a substance of the
21st century. Currently, chitosan research is conducted in 15 countries, more
than 70 areas of its practical application have been identified.
Chitin, a substance widely distributed in nature, belongs to the class of
biopolymers and is found in various crustaceans, insects and fungi. Natural
resources can contain 30-40% protein, 30-50% CaCO
3
and Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
, 20-30%
chitin. Chitosan substance is obtained by deacetylation of chitin substance
several times with NaOH solution based on several steps. Chitosan was first used
in Japan for its metal binding properties, and today the polymer is found in
everything from surgical sutures, antibiotics to food products, dietary
supplements and cosmetics. Depolymerized products of chitosan are non-toxic,
non-allergic, biologically active, biocompatible, have no adverse effects on
natural microorganisms, have antioxidant, antihypertensive, anticoagulant
properties, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-
cancer, neuroprotective and metalloprotein matrix inhibitory properties. widely
used in pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, food industry, perfumery, biotechnology.
Also, due to the high biological activity of chitosan and its derivatives, it is
important in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Chitin and
chitosan are insoluble in water and most other organic solvents [1,2].
One of the easiest and most traditional methods of obtaining chitin for
industrial use is from the shells of hunted shrimps. According to the experiment,
it is possible to extract chitin biomass from domesticated insects with high
reproductive ability, which are prone to reproduction, or widely distributed wild
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
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insects in the conditions of Uzbekistan. These pests include bees and other types
of wasps, mulberry silkworms, houseflies, beetles, and grasshoppers.
Chitosan is a linear heteropolysaccharide, mainly composed of units of 2-
amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose residues linked by a β-(1→4)-glycosidic
bond. Some units consist of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose
residues[3;10].
Figure 1. Chemical structure of chitosan biopolymer.
Based on the above information, we set out to isolate chitin and then
chitosan from the composition of various insects widely distributed in our
Republic. The chitosan extraction process (in the case of the Colorado beetle
Leptinotarsa decemlineata) can be described using the following scheme:
The obtained results are presented in the following table:
№ The type of
insect
taken
for
the
experiment
Amount
received
(grams)
Amount of product formed by
treatment with NaOH and HCl and
by deacetylation (grams)
3,6%
HCl
4%
NaOH
40%
NaOH
1
Melolontha
melolontha
100,0
56,355
19,624
15,193
2
Leptinotarsa
decemlinaeata,
100,0
41,705
14,610
13,441
3
Eurygaster
integriceps
100,0
46,113
17,035
10,302
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