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INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES USE AND
PROTECTING NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
Tulkinova Maftuna Anvarbek qizi
Master of Tashkent State University of Economics
E-mail id: maftuna.r999@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907180
Abstract:
This article examines the issue of ensuring environmental
stability in our country, protecting natural ecosystems by increasing the
efficiency of using natural resources.
Keywords:
natural resources, ecosystem, green economy, nature
management, ecologization, ecology, sustainable development, innovation,
resource saving.
Introduction
The main problem of nature management in our time is the increased
growth of consumption and use of natural resources. On the one hand, the
reason for this phenomenon is the growth of the planet's population, and on the
other hand, the development of the world economy and scientific and technical
progress. At the same time, large-scale pollution of the environment is
increasing. The growth rate of environmental protection measures is currently
lagging far behind the rate of its degradation.
As a rule, the deeper an economy is embedded in an ecosystem, the more it will
exert pressure on it beyond the ecosystem's capabilities, and the more
destructive such incompatibility will be.
In some literature, natural resources are understood as tools necessary for
people's lives, which have a great impact on society through production forces.
Since each scientist has his own research direction and theory, the term "natural
resources" is expressed by many scientists in different ways.
In particular, the views of Academician I. P. Gerasimov and Professor D. L.
Arman provide a perfect and detailed description of natural resources. That is,
"natural resources are various means that people get directly from nature and
are necessary for their life." According to another accomplished scientist,
professor Y. G. Saushkin, natural resources are natural resources that can be
used to obtain enough electricity for the needs of the population, produce the
necessary food products, and use raw materials for industry.
The development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, including
"increasing the share of electricity production using renewable and alternative
energy sources from 20 percent by 2026, providing the country with a reliable,
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safe, economical and efficient source of electricity, expanding production
capacity" defines the tasks .
Also, regulatory and legal documents have been adopted to implement these
tasks: Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 21, 2019 No. 539 "On the use
of renewable energy sources"; Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated October 4, 2019 No. 4477 "On approval of the strategy for the
transition to a "green" economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period
2019-2030"; Decree of the President No. 4422 of August 22, 2019 "On
operational measures to improve the energy efficiency of economic and social
sectors, introduce energy-saving technologies and develop renewable energy
sources" Since the beginning of 2017, the development of small and micro
hydroelectric power plants in our country has reached a new level. This was
reflected in the practical proposals made by the President of our country
Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 30, 2016 at a meeting with leading scientists
of the country on the need to make serious changes in the development of
renewable energy sources, especially small and micro hydroelectric power
plants in our republic. "... it is necessary to cover 32% of the electricity produced
in our country through hydroelectric power plants. In this regard, practical work
has begun with the People's Republic of China and a preliminary agreement has
been reached, for which Uzbekistan has climatic capabilities, that is, water flows.
If we work in this area, we will be able to get environmentally friendly and cheap
energy."
The process of modern production requires a serious strengthening of the
integrated development of natural and social sciences, establishing links
between them.
There are 2 types of nature management: rational and irrational. Rational nature
management is a special system of enterprise activity on the use of natural
energy sources. In this case, resource savings are ensured, and, consequently,
the efficiency of their consumption increases, environmental protection is better
ensured, including the protection of ecosystems. With irrational nature
management, the operating conditions used in the system do not contribute to
the implementation of these goals.
In order to preserve the integrity of the biosphere, it is necessary to take into
account the laws of nature, protect and preserve the environment and rationally
consume resources .
The main actions of rational use of nature:
Reduce interference with nature;
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Use natural resources as little as possible without necessity;
Protect nature from pollution (do not dump pollutants into the soil and
water, do not litter);
Use ecological transport;
Save water, electricity, gas;
Refuse disposable devices and goods;
Grow plants, make rational inventions, use eco-technologies .
Ensuring environmental safety and reducing environmental risks is achieved
through the development and implementation of pioneering, basic innovations
with an environmental focus. Environmental innovations have 2 main areas of
application:
- extraction of land and water resources, as well as their more efficient use to
meet the needs of society;
- protection of the environment from the harmful effects of production and
human activity, from the negative effects of technological, military, socio-
political and other innovations.
Here, the main principle of sustainable development is the balanced use of
natural resources in economic activity, taking into account the interests of the
present and future generations.
It is necessary to optimally use non-renewable natural resources and apply
alternative energy sources. There is also a pressing need to develop and
implement environmental innovations that allow us to eliminate and
significantly reduce the negative consequences of economic activity and
emerging hazards and contribute to the restoration of balance in the
development of nature and society.
Continuation of negative ecological trends can lead to extremely dangerous
consequences for the entire humanity and for individual countries. The world's
population will increase from 7 billion to 9 billion by 2040, and the number of
middle-class consumers will increase by 20 billion in the next 3 years, and the
demand for resources will increase exponentially. By 2030, the world's
population needs will increase by at least 50% for food, 45% for energy, and
30% for water, all at a time when environmental limits are placing new limits on
broad-based economic growth. We can also expect world food prices to rise by
30-50% in real terms over the coming decades, increasing price volatility and
making hundreds of millions of people worse off .
This situation is predicted to occur mainly due to population growth, but at the
same time, unforeseen vagaries of nature, cruel human relations with nature,
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political and biological wars and other global factors will further accelerate the
process. can accelerate and worsen.
Today, the transition to environmentally sustainable development and the
formation of a green economy are urgent issues, and the green economy is
aimed at solving global economic and environmental problems. Green economy
is a model of economic development that assumes a responsible attitude of man
to the earth's resources. It aims to find a reasonable compromise between the
growth of wealth and the conservation of natural resources. The basis for the
formation of the concept of green economy was created at the end of the 80s of
the last century within the framework of the concept of sustainable
development. There are many definitions of sustainable development, but the
most common and generally accepted definition is the definition proposed by
the UN commission under the leadership of G. H. Brundland in 1987, which
states, "Sustainable development is the meeting of the vital needs of future
generations without risk." It is a development that can meet the needs of
modern generations without putting them under it .
The green economy is an approach that works with the elimination of the causes
of environmental problems, rather than fighting with the elimination of negative
consequences. It is an economy based on "green" technologies that radically
change the behavior of consumers. These include:
energy efficiency and alternative energy;
electrical energy management systems;
environmentally friendly transport;
waste, air and water waste management.
Nature is important to the heritage and culture of all humanity and must be
preserved as a legacy for future generations. Living in a world with strong and
healthy ecosystems provides many tangible benefits. Wildlife and natural
ecosystems provide countries with stronger economies, more diverse food
products, and advances in medical research.
References:
1.
Decree No. PF-60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
January 28, 2022 on "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022‒2026".
2.
Decision No. PQ-4477 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on
October 4, 2019 on the "Strategy of the transition to the "Green" economy of the
Republic of Uzbekistan in the period of 2019‒2030". https://www.lex.uz 15
3.
Green Economy and Sustainable Development Goals for Russia: Collective
Monograph / Under the scientific editorship of S. N. Bobylev, P. A. Kiryushin, O.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN
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V. Kudryavtseva. - M.: Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, 2019. - 284 p.
4.
Vahabov A.V, Khojibakiev SH. X, Toshmatov SH. A, Butaboyev MT "Green"
economy textbook. Tashkent- 2020. B-399. https://www.unep.org United
Nations Environment Program official website.
5.
Ecological principles of resource use [Electronic resource]. URL:
https://ecoportal.info/racionalnoe-ispolzovanie-prirodnyx-resursov/ (date of
access: 19.09.2018).
6.
Rational use of natural resources: fundamentals and principles [Electronic
resource].URL:https://www.syl.ru/article/168137/new_ratsionalnoeprirodopo
lzovanie-osnovyi-i-printsipyi (date of access: 09.24.2018).
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https://worldgreeneconomy.org World Green Economy website.
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https://ecouz.uz Official website of the Ecological Party of the Republic of
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https://minenergy.uz Official website of the Ministry of Energy of the
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https://lex.uz/ Electronic database of legal documents of the Republic of
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