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EXPLORING THE CREDIT TRABSFER SYSTEM IN TEACHING
ENGLISH FOR ECONOMICS
Kurbonova Nigora Ne’matovna
ESP teacher “English Language” department TSUE
The credit module system is a method of teaching languages that is gaining
popularity around the world. This system is designed to provide students with a
more flexible and personalized approach to language learning. In this article, I will
explore the prospects of the credit module system of language teaching, including
its benefits and challenges. Firstly, let us understand what the credit module
system is and its history background. The credit module system, also known as
the credit-based system, is a method of measuring academic achievement based
on the number of credits a student earns for completing a particular course or
program. The system has been in use for many decades, but its origins can be
traced back to the United States in the late 19th century.
The credit hour was initially introduced in 1906 at the University of Chicago
by the university's president, William Rainey Harper. He believed that the credit
hour would provide a flexible means of measuring academic achievement,
enabling students to take courses in a variety of subjects and earn credit towards
their degree. The credit hour system quickly became popular among other
universities in the United States and was adopted by the Carnegie Foundation in
1910 as a standard unit of academic measurement [3]. Over the years, the credit
module system has been refined and adapted to meet the changing needs of
higher education. In the 1960s, for example, the system was modified to include
the concept of modularization, which allowed students to take individual modules
of courses rather than having to complete an entire course to earn credit.
This made it easier for students to design their own courses of study and to
tailor their academic programs to their specific needs and interests. In the 1970s
and 1980s, the credit module system was further developed to include the idea of
credit transfer. This meant that students could transfer credits earned at one
161
institution to another, providing greater flexibility and mobility in higher
education.
This was particularly important for students who needed to move between
institutions for personal or financial reasons. Today, the credit module system is
widely used in higher education around the world. It provides a standardized way
of measuring academic achievement, allowing students to earn credits for
completing courses or programs at their own pace and according to their own
schedule.
The system also allows for greater flexibility in higher education, enabling
students to design their own courses of study and to transfer credits between
institutions. However, the credit transfer system can be complex and challenging,
particularly in the context of teaching English for Economics. This literature
review will examine the existing research on credit transfer in higher education,
particularly in the context of teaching English for Economics, to identify the
challenges and strategies associated with the credit transfer system.
The credit transfer system is a process that allows students to transfer
credits earned at one institution to another institution. The transfer of credits
allows students to complete their degree programs more efficiently and reduce
the time and costs associated with completing a degree. However, according to
Arno-Masia, the credit transfer system can be complex and challenging, with
students facing a range of barriers that can hinder the transfer of credits between
institutions. One of the major challenges associated with the credit transfer
system is a lack of clear policies and guidelines. The lack of clear policies and
guidelines can create confusion for students and institutions, leading to delays in
the transfer of credits [4].
This issue is particularly significant in the context of teaching English for
Economics, where institutions may have different requirements for English
language proficiency or course content. A study by the Government
Accountability Office (GAO) found that a lack of clear policies and guidelines was
a significant barrier to credit transfer in higher education (GAO, 2017).
Another challenge associated with the credit transfer system is poor
communication between institutions. Poor communication can lead to
misunderstandings and delays in the transfer of credits, which can impact
students' ability to complete their degree programs in a timely manner. A study
by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers
(AACRAO) found that poor communication was a significant barrier to credit
transfer in higher education (AACRAO, 2017) [1].
Difficulty finding courses that will transfer is another challenge associated
with the credit transfer system. In the context of teaching English for Economics,
this issue can be particularly challenging as institutions may have different course
requirements or expectations for English language proficiency. A study by the
National Student Clearinghouse Research Center found that difficulty finding
courses that will transfer was a significant barrier to credit transfer in higher
education (National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2019) [2].
162
Despite these challenges, there are also strategies that could be used to
improve the credit transfer system in teaching English for Economics. One
strategy is establishing clear policies and guidelines for credit transfer. Clear
policies and guidelines can help to reduce confusion and misunderstandings,
making the credit transfer process smoother and more efficient.
The AACRAO recommends that institutions establish clear policies and
guidelines for credit transfer (AACRAO, 2017). Improving communication
between institutions is another strategy that could be used to improve the credit
transfer system. Improved communication can help to reduce misunderstandings
and delays in the transfer of credits, ensuring that students can complete their
degree programs in a timely manner. The AACRAO recommends that institutions
improve communication between institutions to facilitate credit transfer
(AACRAO, 2017). Providing support to students who need it is another strategy
that could be used to improve the credit transfer system. Students who transfer
credits between institutions may face a range of challenges, including a lack of
information about the credit transfer process and difficulty finding courses that
will transfer. Providing support to students who need it can help to ensure that
they have the information and resources they need to complete their degree
programs in a timely manner.
In conclusion, the credit module system is a flexible and personalized
approach to language learning that provides students with greater control over
their academic programs. However, the credit transfer system can be complex and
challenging, particularly in the context of teaching English for Economics. The
challenges associated with the credit transfer system include a lack of clear
policies and guidelines, poor communication between institutions, and difficulty
finding courses that will transfer.
To improve the credit transfer system in teaching English for Economics,
strategies such as establishing clear policies and guidelines, improving
communication between institutions, and providing support to students who
need it can be used. These strategies will help to ensure that students can
complete their degree programs more efficiently, reducing the time and costs
associated with completing a degree. With further research and implementation
of these strategies, the credit module system can continue to provide students
with a flexible and personalized approach to language learning, while also
facilitating greater mobility and flexibility in higher education.
References:
1.
American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO). (2017).
Statewide Reverse Transfer: The Role of the Registrar. https://www.aacrao.org/docs/default-
source/Trending-Now-Resources/aacrao-statewide-reverse-transfer-white-paper.pdf
2.
National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. (2019). Transfer and Mobility: A
National
View
of
Student
Movement
in
Postsecondary
Institutions.
https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/Transfer-Mobility-National-View-of-
3.
"Credit
Hour
-
Definition
and
History",
Study.com.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/credit-hour-definition-history.html
4.
Arnó
-
Macià, E. (2018). The European credit transfer and accumulation system (ECTS):
Its impact on higher education in Europe. Journal of Studies in International Education, 22(1), 22-
38.
