Advanced maternal age (AMA), defined as pregnancy in women aged 35 years or older, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. This comprehensive analysis aims to examine the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with AMA, considering factors such as maternal health, obstetric complications, and neonatal outcomes.
A thorough literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published between 2000 and 2021. Relevant databases were searched for articles examining maternal and perinatal outcomes in AMA pregnancies. A total of X studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
The findings reveal that AMA pregnancies are associated with various maternal and perinatal risks. Maternal risks include a higher prevalence of pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and chromosomal abnormalities. Advanced maternal age is also linked to an increased likelihood of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean section deliveries. Additionally, the risk of pregnancy loss, including miscarriage and stillbirth, is elevated in AMA pregnancies.
Perinatal outcomes in AMA pregnancies demonstrate an increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, particularly Down syndrome, due to the higher likelihood of chromosomal errors during oocyte maturation. Preterm birth rates are also higher in this population, with associated complications such as respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Furthermore, infants born to older mothers may be at a slightly higher risk of low birth weight.
To optimize maternal and perinatal outcomes in AMA pregnancies, comprehensive prenatal care is crucial. Early risk assessment, regular monitoring, and appropriate interventions can mitigate potential complications. Genetic counseling and prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities are essential for informed decision-making.
