Vol. 5 No. 06 (2025): Volume - V Issue - VI

This article discusses the current challenges faced by modern volleyball at both the global and national levels, focusing particularly on Uzbekistan. The analysis includes issues related to training systems, infrastructure, coaching, financial support, and the impact of globalization and technology. The paper proposes possible solutions to overcome these challenges to improve the competitiveness and popularity of volleyball.

The article examines the lexical and semantic aspects of the vocabulary of Alisher Navoi's works, which help to determine the lexical richness of the literary language of that time. It is revealed to at the words found in the poet's work are not identical from the point of view of the source. In addition to the vocabulary of the Old Uzbek language, the vocabulary of other languages also makes up a certain layer. The poet's invaluable contribution to the formation and comprehensive development of the Uzbek literary language and literature is particularly noted. His work vividly reflected the richness of vocabulary, artistic possibilities, beauty and grace of the Uzbek language.

This article is devoted to the problem of using songs in foreign language lessons as a linguistic and didactic tool. The article reveals the essence of songwriting as a speech material and as a means of intercultural interaction. The features of the formation of linguistic, speech and communicative competencies in the process of using songs in a foreign language lesson are considered, the specifics of the formation of speech skills in English lessons through song material are noted, the differences between songs and ordinary texts of different orientation are revealed. The article substantiates the reasons for the need to introduce song material into the content of English language teaching at various stages, as well as the possible results of teaching students English on this material; from a linguistic and cultural perspective, the article examines the educational potential of song material, compares it with other forms of artistic expression, and provides a rationale for the usefulness of learning English folk songs.

This study presents a deformation-based calculation approach for three-layer reinforced concrete (RC) elements with an arbolite insulating core. Given the insufficient theoretical foundation in current design standards and the scarcity of experimental data, a comprehensive experimental investigation was undertaken. Two series of full-scale specimens were tested to evaluate flexural behavior, particularly focusing on the influence of vertical and inclined shear reinforcement. Results demonstrate that deflections prior to cracking correlate well with theoretical predictions when both bending and shear deformations are considered. This paper proposes refined equations and section models for accurate deflection prediction in such composite systems.

This scoping review systematically maps and synthesizes the existing literature on the motivations, benefits, and challenges associated with students volunteering in Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). As global challenges necessitate increased civic engagement, understanding the dynamics of student volunteerism is crucial for universities, CSOs, and students themselves. Utilizing a comprehensive search strategy, this review identifies key drivers for student participation, the multifaceted advantages derived from such engagement, and the common obstacles encountered. Findings indicate that students are motivated by a blend of altruistic desires, personal development goals, and academic requirements. The benefits extend beyond individual skill acquisition to include enhanced civic responsibility, improved well-being, and strengthened career prospects. However, challenges such as time management, lack of adequate support, and logistical issues often impede sustained involvement. This review underscores the vital role of strategic partnerships between educational institutions and CSOs to optimize student volunteering experiences, fostering a symbiotic relationship that benefits individuals, organizations, and broader society.

This study investigates the protective action of newly synthesized amine-containing corrosion inhibitors derived from local raw materials and the distillation residues of monoethanolamine vacuum distillation in the chemical industry of Uzbekistan. It is shown that a multi-component inhibitor containing hydroxyethyldenediphosphonic acid (HEDP), sodium hydroxide, zinc oxide, glycerin, water, and the vacuum distillation residue of monoethanolamine (COMEA) can be used to protect steel equipment and pipelines in the oil and gas industry. Changes in the absorption spectra intensity of active functional groups of the inhibitors were studied using IR spectroscopy. Parameters such as corrosion current, stationary potential, corrosion rate, degree of protection, and effective activation energy (∆E_eff) were determined.

Literary works are also an invaluable resource from the point of view of linguistics. In particular, historical works show a wide range of linguistic units that represent the speech of people who lived in a certain period, their social status, position in communication, cultural thinking, religious views and living environment. Such aspects are particularly prominent in Abdullah Qadiri's novel “Days Gone By”. In the work, the analysis of linguistic communities, formed by differences in the language of representatives of different layers, their style of speech, their position in communication, reveals the socio-linguistic essence of the work. A linguistic community is a complex of language owners who are monolingual, engaging in interaction and formed in a specific socio-cultural context. Each language user is a representative of a particular society, and his speech is differentiated through aspects such as social status, profession, gender, living environment, beliefs.

This article assesses the clinical and prognostic value of VEGF and Ki-67 immunohistochemical markers in patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer. A total of 130 patients treated at the Tashkent Regional Branch of the Republican Oncology and Radiology Center between 2018 and 2022 were included in the study. Expression of the markers was evaluated using H-score and percentage index methods. Results demonstrated that high levels of VEGF and Ki-67 expression were significantly associated with increased recurrence risk (p<0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression confirmed the independent prognostic significance of these markers. The potential for developing an immunohistochemical prognostic panel to guide individualized therapeutic strategies and determine the necessity of adjuvant therapy is discussed.

This article examines the growing role of portfolio investments in the economic development of developing countries. It highlights how such investments provide access to much-needed foreign capital, which can help finance infrastructure, public services, and private sector growth. The article explains how portfolio flows can contribute to the development of domestic financial markets by increasing liquidity, improving price discovery, and promoting transparency and good corporate governance. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of foreign investors in encouraging regulatory reforms and higher standards of financial disclosure.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of cultural diplomacy in regional integration processes using the example of Uzbek-Kazakh cooperation. The mechanisms for building interethnic solidarity in Central Asia through cultural exchange, joint projects, humanitarian initiatives, and the development of dialogue between the peoples of the two countries are analyzed. Modern methods and prospects for deepening cultural ties are considered as a means of strengthening good neighborly relations and maintaining regional unity.

The article examines the phenomenon of idiomatic word formation in the Russian language, its theoretical aspects, examples from explanatory and phraseological dictionaries, and studies by Russian linguists. It analyzes the processes of semantic transformation of words, their consolidation in the language, and the influence of context on the perception of idiomaticity. Modern trends in the development of idiomatic formations, their lexicographic fixation, and the role of metaphorization are considered.