European International Journal of Pedagogics
86
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijp
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
86-88
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
20 January 2025
ACCEPTED
21 February 2025
PUBLISHED
23 March 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue03 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Behbudi Followers: The
Successors and Legacy of
The Jadid Movement
Choriyeva Ma’mura
Master's student at Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article covers the life and work of
Mahmudkhoj Behbudi and his followers, particularly the
Jadid movement that operated in the city of Karshi. A
scientific analysis will be made of how Behbudi's
enlightening ideas were continued, what reforms were
implemented by his followers and students. The
contribution of these modern figures to the process of
science, culture, and national revival in Uzbekistan will
also be considered.
Keywords:
Jadid movement, press, theater, new
method schools, literacy rate, education sector,
literature.
Introduction:
At the beginning of the 20th century, the
Jadid movement spread widely in Central Asia. The Jadid
movement brought about many positive changes in the
fields of education. In particular, one of the largest
representatives of this movement was Mahmudkhoj
Behbudi was one of the enlightened Jadids of his time.
Behbudi and his followers tried to establish new Usul
schools in Turkestan, develop the press, and introduce
the people to science and enlightenment. The Jadid
movement was especially reflected in the city of Karshi.
Under the influence of Behbudi, many intellectuals
matured and set themselves the goal of serving the
future of the nation.
Mahmudkhoj Behbudiy (1875
–
1919) was one of the
main figures of the Turkestan Jadid movement, who
dedicated his entire life to raising public consciousness
through education, the press, and theater. As a result of
his efforts, new schools of thought were opened in
Turkestan and newspapers and magazines were
published. Behbudiy was able to spread his ideas to a
wide audience by founding the newspaper "Oyna". If we
look at his work, he published the books "Risalayi Azosi
Sawad" ("Book of Literacy") in 1904, "Risalayi Jugrofiyyai
Umroniy" ("Introduction to Population Geography") in
1905, "Muntakhabi Jugrofiyyai Umraniiy" ("Brief
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European International Journal of Pedagogics
General Geography") in 1906, "Kitobatul Atfol"
("Children's Letter") in 1908, "Amaliyoti Islam" in 1908,
and "Tarihi Islam" in 1909. The full title of "Selected
General Geography" is "The Book of Selected General
Geography and a Model of Geography", and
permission was obtained from the St. Petersburg
censorship to publish it on August 24, 1905. After that,
it was printed in 1906 at the G. I. Demurov printing
house in Samarkand. The number of pages is 106. The
author noted that he wrote this "ancient science" using
"about thirty ancient and modern books and treatises
on geography, history, mathematics, and natural
sciences, classified into Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and
Russian dictionaries," and many other diverse sources.
His followers, including Jadids such as Munavvarqori
Abdurashidkhanov, Abdurauf Fitrat, and Abdulla
Avloni, also followed his path and directed their
activities towards the interests of the people.
1.
Abdukadir Shakuriy and his publishing
activities. Abdukadir Shakuriy (1882-1929) was
another prominent representative of the Karshi Jadid
movement. Originally from the Bukhara region, he
moved to Karshi in 1912 and established publishing
activities there. Shakuriy founded the lithography
company "Umid" in Karshi in 1913, which published
books, pamphlets and calendars in the spirit of
Jadidism. In particular, on his initiative, such textbooks
as "Language and Literature", "Accounting", "History"
were published. Shakuri also published a weekly
newspaper called "Sadoi Karshi" from 1914 to 1917.
Through this newspaper, Jadidist ideas were widely
disseminated. Shakuri founded the "Library Society" in
Karshi in 1916 and through this society he worked to
instill a reading culture in the local population and
introduce them to new literature.
2.
Regional
characteristics
of
the
Jadid
movement. The Jadid movement in the city of Karshi
had some regional characteristics. First, since Karshi
was located on the outskirts of the Bukhara Emirate,
the emirate's control was relatively weak here. This
allowed the Jadids to carry out their activities more
freely. Second, since the city of Karshi was located at
the crossroads of trade routes, the influence of
different cultures and ideas was strong here. Through
trade, the city's inhabitants were in contact with
countries such as the Russian Empire, the Ottoman
Turks, and Iran, which allowed for the introduction of
new ideas. Third, although most of the Jadids of Karshi
received religious education, they advocated a
combination of religious and secular knowledge. They
emphasized the need to acquire modern knowledge
while preserving Islamic values.
3.
A period of change in the Jadid movement:
With the overthrow of the Bukhara Emirate and the
establishment of Soviet power in 1920, the fate of the
Karshi Jadid movement also changed. Initially, many
Jadids supported the new government and worked in
former Soviet educational institutions. In particular,
Mulla Kurban Mirzayev worked in the Karshi city
education department from 1921 to 1927 and
contributed to the expansion of the network of new
schools. Abdukadir Shakuriy worked in the Kashkadarya
region press department. However, as a result of the
repressive policy pursued by the Soviet authorities in
the late 1920s and early 1930s, many Jadids were
persecuted. Most of them were accused of being
"nationalists", "pan-Turkists" and "pan-Islamists". For
example, Mulla Normurod Narmurodov was arrested
and exiled in 1935, and Abdukadir Shakuriy was
executed in 1929.
The Jadid movement and followers of Behbudi in the
city of Karshi. A number of Jadid intellectuals inspired by
Behbudi's ideas also emerged in the city of Karshi.
Among them: Mirzakarim Khoja - an enlightener,
actively involved in opening new schools of thought.
Nasirkhon Tursunkhodjayev - continued the Jadid
movement in Karshi and contributed to increasing the
literacy of the local population. Sayidrasul Saidazimov -
was active in developing the Jadid press and
popularizing theatrical art during his time. These Jadids
were advocates of introducing the people to modern
science and technology, increasing literacy levels, and
reforming Turkestan.
As for the reforms carried out by Behbudi's followers:
Jadid intellectuals who continued Behbudi's ideas
worked in the following areas: In the field of education
- New Method schools were opened and a simplified
form of the Arabic alphabet began to be taught.
Press and Information - The Jadids began publishing
newspapers and magazines, such as "Sadoi Turkistan"
and "Taraqqiy", which served to inform the people
politically and socially.
Theater and Literature
–
The Jadids tried to change the
worldview of the people by presenting national and
educational plays on stage. As can be seen, their
educational efforts are evident in every field.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Behbudi and his followers are an integral
part of the Jadid movement in Turkestan. As a result of
their reforms, the Enlightenment movement also
developed in Turkestan. In conclusion, Behbudi and his
followers were part of the Jadid movement in
Turkestan. As a result of their reforms, the
Enlightenment movement also developed in Turkestan.
Their reforms made a significant contribution to the
development of education and culture in modern
Uzbekistan.
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European International Journal of Pedagogics
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