EJJPS ISSN: 2751-1715
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PROBLEMS ARISING IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION
MARJONA Ahrorova
Master student TSOUS, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Translation problems, translator,
translation methods, interpretive translation,
text, term.
Received:
08.10.2024
Accepted
: 13.10.2024
Published
: 18.10.2024
Abstract:
In our article, the problems encountered
in the process of translation are aimed at
highlighting the problems between closely related
languages, and revealing the problems of false
equivalents and their translation requires the
relevance of successive translation problems
between closely related languages.
INTRODUCTION
Suppose we pay attention to the history of translation. In that case, we can recognize
the 20th century as the golden age of the science of translation, even though it has a very ancient history.
It is not an exaggeration to say that this century brought the theory of translation studies and the
development of science and technology to a high level. It is the development of these areas, the
achievement of high production goals, the increase of export and import potential, the strengthening of
diplomatic relations, which led to the further popularization of synchronous and sequential types of
translation studies. The development of these fields naturally drew the attention of linguists to the
science of translation studies and led to the conduct of many researches. Despite the many scientific
works, the theory of translation studies is included among the fields that have not yet been fully studied.
The Development of the Times Several classifications of the development of translation have been
proposed by various scholars. From the classifications given by translators, we pay attention to the
classification produced by V.N. Kommisarov in the course of our scientific research [1]. In the course of
this research, the following opinion given by Russian scientists is still justified, that is, "being a perfect
master of two languages does not mean a perfect master"[2] in fact, being a perfect master of two
languages is related to that language. It does not mean that he translated the text and speech in all areas
in a completely understandable way. We believe that a translator should be able to master not only the
language perfectly, but also the culture and customs of the people's way of life. It is no exaggeration to
say that the translation process is not only the translation of two languages into each other but also the
exchange of culture.
The linguistic principle of translation implies, first of all, the reconstruction of the formal structure of
the original. However, declaring a linguistic principle as fundamental can lead to over-pursuing the
VOLUME04 ISSUE10
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijps-04-10-05
Pages: 22-25
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translation of the original text - it becomes a literal, linguistically correct but artistically weak
translation, which is one of the types of formalism by itself. Foreign linguistic forms are accurately
translated, stylization occurs according to the laws of the foreign language. In cases where the syntactic
structure of the translated sentence can be expressed in translation using similar means, word-for-
word translation can be considered as the last option of translation without further literary processing.
However, it is relatively rare for syntactic devices to match in two languages; often, when translated
word for word, the norms of closely related languages are violated in one way or another. In such cases,
we encounter a certain gap between content and form: the author's point is clear, but the form of its
expression can lead to false equivalence in languages that are close to each other. A complete translation
does not always reproduce the emotional impact of the original, so literal accuracy and artistry are in
constant conflict with each other. There is no doubt that translation is based on linguistic material,
literary translation cannot be beyond the translation of words and phrases, and the translation process
must be based on knowledge and understanding of the laws of both languages. Compliance with the
laws of the language is mandatory for both the original and the translation. But literary translation is
never just a search for linguistic correlations.
Researchers define language as the material of an artistic work, and the literary translation, in his
opinion, also does justice to its laws. But to understand literary translation, as soon as linguistic means
are compared, it means not to pay attention to its aesthetic side. From the point of view of the artists of
the translation, the artists of the original, and the compatibility of linguistic correspondences, it serves
only artistic correspondences. Therefore, the general criterion of linguistic correspondence alone
cannot be used to determine the quality of a literary translation, and usefulness may not require the
same degree of verbal closeness to the original during translation.
Others believe that literary translation should be considered from the point of view of word creation,
that is, not linguistic, but literary.
According to this theory, the main driving force of the translator should be the idea inspired by the
original, which forces him to search for adequate linguistic means to express the ideas in words, that is,
the literary translation is not linguistic, but corresponds to the original.
We do not doubt the opinion that each translation should be defined by the individuality of the
translator as a creative process, but the main task of the translator is to convey the original features in
the translation. To create an artistic and emotional impression corresponding to the original, the
translator must find the best language tools: find synonyms, suitable artistic images, etc. Speaking of
translation, we think it is good to dwell on translation and its types. When translating a term from one
language to another, we may face the following difficulties; a) Non-existence of a word that expresses
the meaning of that term in the language being translated. b) That the term being translated does not
have the same meaning. This problem can be solved only by the method of translation based on the
context. To solve these problems and make the translation process easier, we offer the following
translation methods: 1) Transliteration. 2) Transcription is the method of translation through sound
forms, i.e. by pronouncing it exactly as it is said in the language being translated. 3) Translation using
the Kalka method. This type of translation is considered one of the most convenient methods for a
translator, and it is a direct translation of a term in one language in a way that completely preserves the
semantics of the term in another language. 4) Interpretive translation method. The annotated
translation method is to translate a term existing in one language into another language by commenting
on that term if no alternative option is found. For example: Since our scientific work is directly related
to the term and its translation, we believe that it is appropriate to use the methods given below to
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translate the term; Speaking of translation, translation. It is very important for a translator to study the
work comprehensively, to work on its vocabulary and realism based on the knowledge of the features
of two languages, and it also requires him to be a scientist and researcher to some extent. There is a
multi-meaning expression in the Uzbek language "finding a language". They say to find a way to
someone's unlocked heart. This expression also expresses the fact that two people understand and
know each other well about a task or problem in life and act accordingly. It also expresses the meanings
of mutual agreement and agreement. It is necessary to have such an understanding between the author
to be translated and his work and the translator. By finding a language, we understand the author's
peculiarities and the artistic features of a particular work and organize the process accordingly. Finding
a language will be of great creative benefit only when the translator loves the author to be translated
and his work, and knows that it will bring great spiritual benefit to his reader. We know that a translator
always works with words. He works as a creator, linguist, and stylist in several languages. Therefore,
only with the power of the translator's work and talent, the translation can sound in harmony with the
original. The translator derives the meaning of the individual words that make up the sentence and the
sentence only and only depending on the context and its flow, the meaning of the word to the sentence,
the meaning of the sentence to the sentence, the meaning of the sentence to a separate finished fragment
and the meaning of the fragment to the work adapts to the whole content, form and style. After all, the
purpose and function of a word, a sentence, the content observed by the author are fully revealed only
in the context. Each word in the language serves to express several meanings. For example, which of the
dozens of meanings of the words "have" or "eye" does the author express in the same passage, what
tasks does he assign to the word? Will "open". In this, his extensive knowledge of languages and the
potential for interpretation come into force. Along with these, we should also pay special attention to
the problems that arise in the translation process. One of the problems of translation is that the meaning
of the whole text is not limited to the sum of the meaning of its elements. The meaning given in the text
is based on direct connections between denotative, connotative, stylistic, syntactic meanings of
sentences, syntactic meanings of units larger than sentences, suprasegmental and lexical-semantic
meanings of words and phrases. Each lexical-grammatical area has its separate structure, and at the
same time, it has its own lexical, morphological and syntactic system. That is why knowing the
characteristics of two languages, i.e. foreign and mother tongue, is good practical knowledge, but it is
known that this is not enough for translation. In addition to knowing the characteristics of the language,
the translator must also have reliable qualifications. For example, when a translator is translating from
English to Uzbek, the English language belongs to the Germanic language family, its word order, the
characteristics of compounds, the use of tenses, the use of ambiguous words, the stylistic meaning of
words in a synonymous line difference and paying special attention to such things and in the process of
translating into Uzbek language, that Uzbek language belongs to the family of Turkic languages, word
order is different compared to English language, the number of tenses in English language is small
compared to Uzbek language, it is necessary to take into account the presence of Arabic, Persian,
Mongolian words in the lexical layer of the Uzbek language. That's why the researcher Muattar Jorayeva
said, "A translator is not a draftsman, but an artist!" published an article under the slogan.
Translation activity is divided into two types of translation, which are significantly different from each
other. Translation is the transfer of the meaning of the original text into a written text in written or
electronic media, taking into account the norms and characteristics of the written language of both
texts. The translation is aimed at transferring the meaning of the statement of the representative of the
source language culture into the target language, taking into account the characteristics of oral speech
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in both languages. The review is divided simultaneously and sequentially. It should be noted that sign
language translation is not usually classified as a type of interpretation.
The invention of the computer helped create electronic dictionaries and later computer-aided
translation programs. The translation made with their help does not include the semantic and
emotional side of the text. The challenges of such assistant translators are similar to self-learning
artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, such tools are indispensable in translation activities, especially in
large translation agencies. There are also online services for the automatic translation of individual
words, sentences, and entire phrases (eg Google Translate), which are based on statistical data on how
people translate individual phrases.
The services of translation agencies are in demand in most countries of the world because the need for
translation exists in many areas of human activity. Thus, translation provides technical, business,
tourism, every day and other fields and helps to overcome the language barrier for millions of people
on our planet every day.
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