History

In the article, the role of the pedagogical heritage of Abdulla Avloni, a great representative of Turkestan modernism of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, in the development of the pedagogical views of the Turkic peoples is revealed based on various sources and literature.

The cultural closeness of the Turkic peoples is reflected in their oral folklore traditions. Many of their folktales share similar plots. This article offers a philosophical, logical, and comparative analysis of the folktale 'The Fox' from Uzbek, Karakalpak, and Kumyk folklore, constructing an algorithm of the story’s events. Through this analysis, the similarities and differences in the mentalities of these peoples arc revealed.

This thesis was formed based on the results of the analysis of integration issues and development prospects between Turkic countries such as Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Political, economic, cultural and external obstacles arising in the process of integration are outlined. Economic integration, cooperation in the sphere of culture and education, the role of international organizations are also disclosed. Prospects for successful integration are proposed.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada tariximizning eng shonli voqealarining sababchilari bo‘lgan jadidchilik harakatining namoyandalari haqida fikr – mulohazalar yuritilgan. Muallifning ta’kidlashicha, jadidchilik harakati vakillari el-urt manfaatini o‘z shaxsiy manfaatlaridan ustun qo‘yishgan. Ular xalqimizni dunyo sivilizatsiyasida faol ishtirok etishi uchunilm-fanni rivojlantirish zarurligiga muhim e’tibor qaratishgan. Ilmiy ishda ta’kidlanishicha, jadidchilik harakati o‘sha davr Turkiston aholisi orasida “Jaholatga qarshi ma’rifat bilan kurashish mumkin” degan g‘oyani ilgari surishda asosiy tashabbusni ko‘rsatishgan. Shunisi e’tiborga sazovorki, jadidchilarning g‘oyalari oradan ko‘plab yillar o‘tganiga qaramasdan, hozirgi avlodni yuksak ma’naviyatli qilib tarbiyalashda ham o‘z ahamiyatiga ega bo‘lib kelmoqda. Muallifning mulohazasiga ko‘ra, hozirgi o‘zbek jamiyatidagi ilm-ma’rifatning rivojlanishi borasidagi ijobiy siljishlar bilan jadidlar tomonidan yaratilgan asarlarning har tomonlama o‘rganilishi orasida uzviy bog‘liqlik mavjuddir.

The article tells about the Karakalpaks who migrated along the Edil-Jayik rivers in the late 16th century and lived in their homeland
Turkestan, and the events that took place during this period

One of the state’s priority goals at all times was the supply of the population with food. In the 1960s—1970s, the food issue in Karakalpakstan, despite the efforts made by the state, remained insufficiently resolved. The adherence to the traditional food behavior was closely related to the economic activities of the population, the natural and geographical conditions of its settlement and ethnocultural traditions. In this regard, a peculiar specificity, combining plant and animal products in the traditional food of the Karakalpaks, has been preserved for a long time.

The aim of the research work is to explore the traditions and innovations in children upbringing of Uzbeks (the second half of the XX - the beginning of the XX centuries) in ethnological aspect.
The subject of the research is to delve the features of children upbringing in Uzbek families, mutual association of family and social upbringing and cthno-local attributes by historical, ethnographic and cthno-social information.

To‘lepbergen Qayipbergenov hayoti va ijodiy faoliyati,
mintaqada olib brogan ijodiy faoliyati, o‘sha davr Markaziy Osiyo adabiy muhiti haqida

In a fairly short period of independence, Uzbekistan has achieved significant economic growth in many areas of activity. However, the condition for the long-term economic well-being of the country is the development of human capital, namely its educational and intellectual potential. The field of information technology has become a vast field of practical activity of people, characterized by an ever-expanding scope and an ever-increasing demand for highly professional staffing. This is due to the use of information technologies in various fields of activity, the implementation of the concept of a global information infrastructure. The training of highly professional specialists in the republic, who are able to use and implement advanced information technology developments in practice, is becoming a strategically important task for society

This article, based on ethnographic data, examines the customs of the inhabitants of the Fergana Valley originating from natural conditions and economic traditions and improved over the centuries at the stages of socio economic development, which allows a deeper understanding of ethno-historical processes

In the article, based on a comparative analysis of the works of two poets, it is proved that Yunus Emro continued the creative traditions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi in Turkic poetry. The works of two great poets are compared in three directions: 1) artistic interpretation of the esoteric meaning; 2) tradition and originality in the creation of an artistic image; 3) the language of the work of art and the way of expression. Comparative analysis leads to the following conclusions: firstly, Yunus Emro was a great esoteric poet, secondly, he continued the traditions of Hazrat Khoja Ahmad Yassawi in artistic creativity, and thirdly, he made a great contribution to the development of the literary and aesthetic thinking of the Turkic peoples.

Subject of research: The tax policy of tsarism in Turkistan; basic stages and progress on the second part of XIX-bcginning of XX centuries.
Purpose of work: study socialist-economic nature of tax policy of tsarism in Turkistan, degree of its development and transformation on the second part of XIX-bcginning of XX centuries.
Methods of research: problematic-chronological, retrospective-historical, and comparative-analytical.
The results obtained and their novelty: it is put into spacious layer of new sources about tax policy of tsarism and the government institutions, accompany to their life. It is given on appreciation and revealed problems of the government institutions on the colonization of Turkistan; it is undertaken comparative analysis billation of industrial force of region by means of materials utilization of statistical sources.
Practical value: it is conditioned by systematized in it, the made generalization will help to fill a gap in elucidation history of Uzbekistan’s government such as difficult period in 1867-1917.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the main contents and ideas of research are elucidated on six scientific articles and six thesis’s on the materials of conferences published by the dissertation does.
Field of application: results of research can be used for the writing of textbooks, monographs, educational supplies on the topic of “History of Uzbekistan”, special courses on history of Turkistan in the colonial period.

Subjects of the inquiry: TARONAs (Classical songs) are the component part of ancient and constantly young cycles of makoms and their similar songs
Aim of the inquiry: The appearance of Taronas; their plasc and importance in Bukhara, Khorasin and Farghana-Tashkent makom cycles, their musical features, researching of the genre's rules and traditional performance of Taronas.
Method of inquiry: The Thesis has been written according to the scientific rcserch methods of the Uzbek Makom Studies. It has been compiled from the original sources and musical examples, estimated and tested with due regard for Independence Ideology
Die results achieved and their novelty: It became known that "TARONA’s have an important place for the growing of Makoms as a cyclic music. It is considered that **TARONAMS ore the component part of Makoms and they have been scientifically and theoretically investigated as a main subject for the first time.
Practical value: It is of groat value that the carried out scientific observation and the accepted conclusion can be used for the thorough research work of Makom Studies’ problems
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Five (11) scientific articles were published according to the subject of Dissertation and the mam content of the scientific research work has been reflected in these articles.
Sphere of usage: The materials of this thesis can be used as an original source at the lectures and lessons of subjects: JThe Principles of Uzbek Traditional Music" and "The Principles of Makom” approved by Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of Uzbekistan

Subjects of research: the formation of the Western Turkic qaghanate; the specifics, peculiarities for state system, the governance of the Qaghanate by vassal landowners; tcrritorial-adminstrativc apparatus.
Purpose of work: To study the characteristics of the statehood, administrative and vassal system and methods, took of governance used in the Western Turkic Qaghanate at the period of VI -VIII Centuries of Central As ia.
Methods of research: systemized and evolutionary analysts, evolutionary, objectiveness, historical-comparative, chronological-problem based and retrospective analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: In this research here was shown specific features of the state system of the Western Turkic Qaghanate and given the genesis of military-administrative system of “On Oq”. Especially, it’s noted that the Western Turkic Qaghanate had a it’s own “State Ulus/Udel’ and analysed the factors lying on ruling by distribution of power into the right and left wings as in the Eastern Turkic qaghanate. Here identified that the Qaghanate had its specific fiscal system, where the qaghans minted their own coins (with the titles of “Jabghu”, “Jabghu-qaghan” and “Qaghan”, the ethnopolitical name of “Tiirk-Qaghan” and with the names of‘Tardu qaghan”, “Tun Jabghu-qaghan”) in Chach region and gamed state symbok relatively to Qaghanate. On the base of written and numkmatic sources, it’s shown that the qaghanc passed three steps as Yabghu, Yabghu-Qaghanate and Qaghanate. Here ako enlightened that in tins research used specific methods and took in studying the vassalitate of Qaghanate which included more than 20 oask states (petty kingdoms).
Practical value: The ideas, conclusions and views that have found its reflection in thk dissertation work might be used in researches of young scholars, by partic ipants of scholarships, specialkts for preparing educational guides and books, by the people who work in the sphere of enlightenment and high educational institutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: On the theme of research it was published 3 monographies, 3 brochures and 26 scientific magazine articles, 54 articles and thesis in collections of materials of republican and international conferences and 2 articles in the web portal of “Ziyonet”
Field of application: The results of these researches might be served as a practical guide for reading special and general courses in high educational institutions of the republic for preparing educational guides and books.

The aim of the research work contains studying the trace of shamanistic belief in the traditional life style of the Uzbek people living in Fergana valley on the basis of historical-ethnographic materials and in ethnological aspect.
Scientific novelty of the research contains the followings:
In the context of comparative categories “Commonnes” and “Uniqueness” the scientific-methodological basis of the ideas about the history, development and evolution of the appearance of theological concepts related to shamanism were revealed;
The appearance of shamanism as a historical-cultural form in the daily and ceremonial life of Uzbek people was defined on the basis of ethnographic materials;
The cultural features connected with shamanism in the traditional life of different ethnos living in Fergana valley were scientifically proven on the basis of genetic-comparative analysis according to the differentiation of the celebration date, ecstasy and the attributes of the ceremonies related to this religion;
That syncretism of shamanism into the life of local ethnos as a social form has a stable nature in the categorical relationship and is a part of daily and ceremonial life of Uzbek people were defined on the basis of ethnographic materials.

Subjects of research: Work of Ibn Khallikan «Wafayat al-a‘iyan», the scholars from Mavarannahr and Khurasan VIII - XIII centuries.
Purpose of work: To carry out a source study, study the informations about the scholars from Mavarannahr and Khurasan in «Wafayat al-a‘iyan» of Ibn Khallikan», to determine the relianse of the source and to estimate its place among of other sources of the same period.
Methods of research: historical, realistic, comparative analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: There were obtained and supplemented more specific informations about the life and work of Ibn Khallikan, carried out the source study analisis of «Wafayat al-a‘iyan». The informations about the life and work of 72 scholars from Mavarannahr and Khurasan have been studyed.
Practical value: Materials of this thesis can be used in the research works dedicated to the critical analysis of source and scientific legasy of scholars from Mavarannahr and Khurasan, as well in composing educational-methodical textbooks and lectures on the history of sciences.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: 6 articles have been published on the subject of the thesis.
Field of application: Materials of this thesis can be used in composing of text books for the students of universities and also for spesial courses on the history of sciences and the source study.

Ma’lumki, O`rta Osiyoda yashagan qadimgi aholi folklori, xususan, sak-massaget eposi namunalarining qadimgi yunon manbalaridan, xususan, Gerodotning “Tarix” asaridan o`rin olgan. Gerodot skiflar diyori bo`ylab qilgan sayohatlari chog`ida o`zining mahalliy aholining boy og`zaki ijodi, ayniqsa, qahramonlik va jasoratni tasvirlovchi epik asarlari bilan tanishgan. SHuning uchun ham u uz “Tarix”ida skif qabilalari hayoti bilan bog`liq u yoki bu rivoyatni keltirishdan avval so`zni “aytishlaricha”, “menga aytib berishlaricha”, “hikoya qilishlaricha” kabi birikmalar bilan boshlaydi. Bu esa Gerodot asarida keltirilgan skif folklori namunalari bevosita og`zaki an’anaga borib taqalishidan darak beradi. Gerodotning “Tarix” asarida keltirilgan “skif hikoyalari”ning negizi folklorga borib bog`lanishini D.S.Raevskiy va L.A.Lelekovlar ham qayd etishgan.

Subjects of research: spiritual-cultural life in Turkestan (1867-1917)
Purpose of work: study of essence of colonial policy of Russian Empire through the prism of activity of Russian spiritual-cultural institutions in Turkestan territory.
Methods of research: the principles of historicism, objectivism and problem-chronological, historic-comparatively analyses.
The results obtained and their novelty: in the presented scientific work for the first time was complexly and thoroughly analyzed activities of Russian scientists, scholars and enlighteners as well as activities of spiritual-cultural (such as scientific, musical institutions and also theatres, theatre societies, libraries, museums), religious and charity institutions, such issues like development in Turkestan of Russian periodical press, book printing, lithography and their role in spiritual-cultural life of Russian city population. Special attention had been paid to the analyses of official policy and strategic missions of colonial administration regarding activities of Russian spiritual-cultural institutions.
Practical value: this research promotes deep study of the history of Uzbekistan of colonial period and in particular spiritual-cultural life of Russian population in Turkestan at the Latter Half of XIX - Beginning of XX centuries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the primary results of the research found its reflection in 11 published scholar articles and thesis’s.
Field of application: the results of the dissertation could be used during creation of methodological textbooks for special courses in history of Uzbekistan and in particular in frame of textbooks related to the actual problems of spiritual-cultural life of the peoples of the Turkestan region. The materials of dissertation could be used in the student’s educative process at universities, by lecturing of topics related to the history of region and also by conducting of practical training or field work.

Мақоллар ўзбек адабиётида асрлар давомида тўпланган бебаҳо мерослардан бири ҳисобланади. Тафаккурнинг бундай дурдонасини ҳалқимиз асрлар  оша кўз қорачиғидай асраб оғиздан-оғизга, авлоддан-авлодга еткизиб келмоқда. Мақоллар хеч қачон ўз маъноси йўқотмай замонлар оша тобора сайқалланади ва мазмуни теранлашади. Ҳалқ ҳаёти тажрибасидан келиб чиқадиган хулосаларининг бадиий ифодаси бўлмиш мақоллар, гарчи бир-икки лўнда жумлали ё мисрали бўлса-да, уларнинг ҳар бирига, М. Горький сўзлари билан айтганда: “Бутун-бутун  китобларга ёритиладиган фикр ва маъно жо қилинган. Ҳалқ асрлар давомида сайқал берган ҳар бир мақол етук бадиий асардир”. Мана шу фикрга қўшилган ҳолда бизнинг ўзбек адабиётшунослар хам ўз асарларида мақолларни асарларнинг маъносини тўлиқ ифода қилиш учун ишлатишган.

In the article, the results of the practical work carried out in 2017-2020 to eliminate the existing problems of urban and rural infrastructure, which is one of the important factors affecting the social protection system of the population in Uzbekistan, are analyzed on the example of Fergana, Andijan and Namangan regions.

This article examines the evolving role of Turkic cooperation in global geopolitics, with a particular focus on the challenges and opportunities it presents. The article explores historical ties between Turkic-speaking nations, institutional frameworks, and economic, cultural, and security aspects of cooperation. Furthermore, it addresses the obstacles posed by geopolitical competition, economic disparities, and foreign policy divergences among Turkic states. Lastly, the future potential for deeper cooperation through institutional strengthening, youth engagement, and strategic partnerships is discussed.

The article describes the role of the media in the history of Republic Uzbekistan independence, formation, development and legal framework. The creation of media documents, legislative reforms, and their role in building civil society.

Subject of research: socio-political and religious-educational life of Turkistan in the beginning of the 20th century.
Purpose of work: to reveal the importance and role of the journal ‘Al-Islakh’ in socio-political and religious-educational life of Turkistan.
Methods of research: historical-comparative, problem-chronological and method of content-analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: In the dissertation on the basis of thematic analysis of the articles published in the journal ‘Al-Islakh’ it has been revealed the importance of the journal in the socio-political and religious-educational life of Turkistan in the beginning of the 20lh century, it’s value in historical and source studies of Islam, the impact to the region. Also it was studied that the historical roots of reforms in Turkistan were originated simultaneously with the reformers movements in Crimea, Volga Basin, Egypt, Turkey and Iran.
Practical value: the results of the researches and scientific conclusions can be used in deeper studying of the movements of reformers in Turkistan.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: On a dissertation subject 5 scientific articles and 4 thesis’s have been published. 1 articles in internet portal «ZiyoNET». Also, in accordance with materials of the researches 3 reports have been done on the scientific and practical conferences.
Field of application: actual materials of the dissertation can be used in preparing of generalizing works on the history of Turkistan in the beginning of 20th century, in studying history of the press, in extension historiographical researches, preparation of special courses, text books and study guides on history and source study of Islam.

Subject of research: the works on fine arts, dealing with Zoroasterism, Buddhism and Islam as spiritual values on the territory of Central Asia.
Purpose of work: the scientific-philosophical investigation of the basic integration values in fine arts, the scientific explanation of the specifics and mechanisms of its impact on social and public life.
Methods of research: there are used the methods of scientific estimation such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and logical approaches to the research.
The results obtained and their novelty: in this dissertation paper are researched the religious values of fine arts on the base of identification substantional components and laws of the development; are shown the place and the meaning of Islam arts within the system of national ideas; are investigated the scientific and philosophical and methodological basics of the influence of integration of Islamic values and fine arts on formation of perfect personality.
Practical value: research results have practical importance on growing up the effect of spiritual-educational work of religion through Islamic moral value integrated in fine art, on ideological activity against fundamentalism, religious extremism, and immoral recidivism and forms of the immunity against global spiritual problems of the time being.
Degree of of embed and economic effectivity: the research results give the opportunity for better understanding first, the concept of integration religious values in fine arts; open the dialectics of the process. The results of the investigation give the scientific and methodological base for further scientific investigation in the area of spiritual problem of the society and person.
Field of application: research materials can be used in the training process in preparing lectures, training-aids and programs on the subjects of “National Idea”, “The basic of Spirituality”, “Spiritual studies” “Art studies”, and other courses on the main topic" The integration of religious values and fine arts”.

Subject of research: information on the role and activities of Tatar-Bashkir women in cultural life of Turkestan in the end of the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th centuries.
Purpose of work: integrated study based on primary sources the activities of tatar-bashkir women in colonial educational system, Jadid movements, cultural processes and formation of Women's education in Turkistan based on Soviet ideology, as well as the successful conduct policy of "emancipation" of women.
Methods of researh: in the dissertation used historical, systematical-chronology and objective methods.
The results achieved and their novelty: in the thesis for the first time complexly investigated the activity of tatar-bashkir women in Turkestan. In part, in the dissertation is illuminated activities of tatar-bashkir women teachers in Russian schools for indigenous population and women's gymnasium, participation of tatar-bashkir women in the development of dramatic art and periodicals and on the material of sources presented an extensive analysis of the role of tatar-bashkir women in the wide involvement of indigenous women into social-cultural processes of the region.
Practical value: of the investigation with the possibility of its usage in further inquiry of Woman problems in colonial time and first years of Soviet period in Turkistan. Materials and conclusions of the investigation also can be used in preparation of special courses, books and learning aids on history of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: substantive provisions and research conclusions are approved by the author of dissertation in 7 scientific articles, 6 theses.
Field of application: dissertation materials can be used in research of history of Uzbekistan of the end XIX - the first quarter of XX centuries, and also at preparation of special courses, textbooks and manuals, monographs on history of Uzbekistan.